基于石墨烯特性的新型天线研究

摘要

天线是无线电系统和设备的重要组成部分。车联网、物联网、互联网、电

视、广播、汽车导航、无线电通信、雷达等应用，只要是通过电磁波传递信号

的设备都需要天线来进行电磁信号的接收和发射。因此，发展天线意义重大。

相比于传统的金属天线，石墨烯天线在能够保持应有的性能基础上还具有独特

的优势。论文的具体研究工作如下：

(1) 制备了一种高性能石墨烯薄膜。通过对氧化石墨烯薄膜进行不同温度的

热处理，实现了石墨烯电导率的可调谐性。并且经过碳化、高温石墨化和滚压

制得了一种具有优异性能的石墨烯薄膜。该石墨烯薄膜的基本单元为单层石墨

烯，且单层石墨烯通过非常有序的方式堆叠成薄膜。石墨烯薄膜的电导率为

0.5×10

7

S/m，接近于金属铜的五分之一；它非常轻质，密度仅为1.5 g/cm

3

，是

铜的六分之一；另外该石墨烯薄膜的热导率为

1932 W/mK

，是铜的五倍；石墨

烯薄膜有着优异的柔性和机械稳定性，在对折100次后相对体电阻率保持不变，

这为制备低损耗、高散热、超柔性、高稳定性的天线奠定了基础。

(2) 基于石墨烯薄膜的特性，设计并制备了石墨烯偶极子天线和石墨烯微带

阵列天线两种常用天线，同时制备了相同尺寸和结构的铜天线以验证石墨烯天

线的性能。这两种石墨烯天线有着与铜天线可比拟的优异性能，石墨烯偶极子

天线的最高增益可达

1.89 dBi

，有着非常好的辐射效率和非常低的损耗，回拨损

耗为

−39.37 dB

；石墨烯阵列天线的最高增益为

6.77 dBi

，并有着与铜天线类似

的方向图。另外，石墨烯偶极子天线具有非常高的稳定性，在偶极子臂弯折百

次后，仍然表现出优异的性能。同时，本课题设计了一种石墨烯焊点构造的方

法，解决了石墨烯本身不与焊锡等焊剂相融的弊端。

(3) 制备了三种石墨烯手机天线。本文使用高精度激光雕刻法制备了石墨烯

主通信天线、WIFI天线和蓝牙天线，并将天线装配于手机进行实际应用。石墨

烯天线手机工作状态良好，手机各项通信正常，并且石墨烯天线手机跟商业金

属天线手机有类似的蓝牙传输速率，最高可达

172 KB/s

。

高性能的石墨烯薄膜完全可以替代金属铜制备高性能的微波天线，另外石

墨烯天线还具有轻质、高稳定性、散热快、柔性好的优势。这对于柔性射频微

波器件，尤其是高功率器件的制作具有重要意义。

关键词：石墨烯薄膜；偶极子天线；阵列天线；手机天线

I

Abstract

Antennas are an important part of radio systems and equipment. Applications

such as car networking, internet of things, internet, television, radio, car navigation,

radio communication, radar, etc., as long as the devices transmit signals through

electromagnetic waves all require antennas to receive and transmit electromagnetic

signals. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop antennas. Compared to

traditional metal antennas, graphene antennas have unique advantages in addition to

its proper performance. The specific research works of the paper are as follows:

Firstly, a high-performance graphene film is prepared. Through the heat

treatment of graphene oxide film at different temperatures, the tunability of graphene

conductivity is achieved. After three steps of carbonization, high temperature

graphitization and rolling, a graphene film with excellent performance is obtained.

The basic unit of the graphene film is a single-layer graphene, and the single-layer

graphene is stacked into a thin film in a very orderly manner. The electrical

conductivity of the graphene film is

0.5×10

7

S/m

, which is close to one-fifth that of

the metal copper; it is very light, with a density of only 1.5 g/cm

3

, which is one-sixth

that of copper; the thermal conductivity of the graphene film is

1932 W/mK

, which

is five times that of copper. The graphene film has excellent flexibility and

mechanical stability; the relative volume resistivity remains unchanged after 100

folds. These properties lay the foundation for the preparation of low loss, high heat

dissipation, ultra-flexible, and highly stable antennas.

Secondly, Based on the characteristics of the graphene film, a graphene dipole

antenna and a graphene microstrip array antenna are designed and prepared. At the

same time, copper antennas of the same size and structure are prepared to verify the

performances of the graphene antenna. These two kinds of graphene antennas have

excellent performance compared with copper antennas. The highest gain of the

graphene dipole antenna is up to

1.89 dBi

. It has very good radiation efficiency and

very low loss. The return loss of the graphene dipole antenna is -

39.37 dB

. The

graphene array antenna has a maximum gain of

6.77 dBi

and has a similar pattern to

the copper antenna. In addition, the graphene dipole antenna has a very high stability

II