形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则用法及形容词,副词的比较级和

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2023年12月25日发(作者：)

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词

如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

（2）双音节词

如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；

如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

3．重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

如：big→bigger→biggest fat→fatter→fattest

4．辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；

如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

popular→more popular→most popular

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.

例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2） 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".

It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级不规则

good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”.

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.

① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.如：A watermelon is much bigger

than an apple.③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”

如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.

The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大.

3．含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.

如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.

The sooner,the better. 越快越好.

5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：

①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B. 如：The new building is three times the

height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)

②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.

我们学校比你们学校大两倍.

6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的.

7."否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义. Nothing is so easy as

this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.

8. 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent

than any other student in his class

9.修饰比较级和最高级的词

(1）可修饰比较级的词 ①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal,

any, still, even等. (除by far外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面. )②. 可用表倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.

(2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost. This hat is nearly / almost the

biggest.

10. 序数词通常只修饰最高级. 11.要避免重复使用比较级. 12.要避免将主语含在比较对象中. 13.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词.

形容词，副词的比较级和最高级

一：比较级，最高级的构成

1 在单音节形容词和部分以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple 结尾的双音节词后面直接+er；+est

例：warm → warmer → warmest high → higher →highest

slow → slower → slowest able → abler → ablest

simple → simpler → simplest

2 形容词，副词以e结尾时→+r；+st

例：nice → nicer → nicest

large → larger → largest

3 形容词，副词以辅音+y结尾时→变y为i+er；+est

例：busy → busier → busiest happy → happier → happiest

**** shy → shier → shiest / shyer → shyest

sly → slier → sliest / slyer → slyest

4 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的形容词或副词→双写词尾字母再+er；+est

例：hot → hotter → hottest big → bigger → biggest

5 多音节词（3个或3个以上音节）和部分双音节的词在前面加→ more～；most～

例：beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful

useful → more useful → most useful

famous → more famous → most famous

6 不规则变化：

原级 比较级 最高级

good ∕well better best

many / much more most

bad∕badly∕ill worse worst

little less least

far ① farther ① farthest

② further ② furthest

old （GA）older （GA）oldest

（GB）①older （GB）①oldest

（GB）②elder （GB）②eldest

7 特殊情况：

⑴下列各词无比较级和最高级：

wrong right correct true empty perfect excellent unique extreme extremely ready

possible possibly chief main mainly final sufficient fatal primary absolute absolutely entire

entirely infinite naked favorite

⑵下列单音节词变比较级和最高级时在前面加more～；most～

累的：tired → more tired → most tired

高兴的：glad → more glad → most glad

无聊的：bored → more bored → most bored

喜欢的：fond → more fond → most fond

高兴的，愉快的：pleased → more pleased → most pleased

用旧的，用坏的：worn → more worn → most worn

真的，真实的：real → more real → most real

热衷的，喜爱的，着迷的：keen → more keen → most keen

⑶下列词即可以直接+er；+est，又可以more～；most～

聪明的 clever → cleverer → cleverest / more clever → most clever

经常 often → oftener → oftenest / more often → most often

残酷的 cruel → crueler → cruelest / more cruel → most cruel

严厉的 strict → stricter → strictest / more strict → most strict

狭窄的，狭隘的 narrow → narrower → narrowest / more narrow → most narrow

淘气的 naughty → naughtier → naughtiest / more naughty → most naughty

困的，想睡觉的sleepy → sleepier → sleepiest / more sleepy → most sleepy

友好的 friendly → friendlier → friendliest / more friendly → most friendly

充满活力的，活泼的 lively → livelier → liveliest / more lively → most lively

安全的，可靠的 secure → securer → securest / more secure → most secure

浅的，肤浅的，无关紧要的 shallow → shallower → shallowest / more shallow → most shallow

有名的，众所周知的 well-known → better-known → best-known / more well-known → most well-known

二：公式；

1．A+V.+as+a.∕ad.（原级）+as+B.（as…as… 像…一样） →同级比较

例句：This tree is as big as that one. 这棵树和那棵一样大。

Tom runs as fast as Jack. 汤姆跑的像杰克一样快。

2．A+V. not+as+a.∕ad.（原级）+as+B. （not as…as… 不像…一样）

A+V. not+so+a.∕ad.（原级）+as+B. （not so…as… 不像…一样）

例句：This tree isn’t as big as that one. 这棵树不和那棵一样大。

Tom doesn’t run as fast as Jack. 汤姆跑的不像杰克一样快。

Tom doesn’t run so fast as Jack. 汤姆跑的不像杰克一样快。

3．A+V.+a.∕ad.（比较级）+than+B. A比B更…

例句：This book is better than that one. 这本书比那本好。

I’m fatter than you. 我比你胖。

I study harder than you. 我学习比你努力。

4．S.+V. +a.∕ad.（最高级）+…（比较的范围）

例句：He is the cleverest student in our class. 他是我们班最聪明的学生。

He runs fastest in our school. 他在我们学校跑的最快。

5．比较级+and+比较级→越来越…

例：fatter and fatter 越来越胖

bigger and bigger 越来越大

more and more 越来越多

6．※The+比较级+…（主+谓），the+比较级+…（主+谓） 越…越…（通常为省略句）

例句：The more, the better. 越多越好。

The busier he is, the happier he is. 他越忙越开心。

The more he eats, the thinner he becomes. 他吃的越多变得越瘦。

三 用于修饰比较级的词

1 加强语气: even , ( very ) much , far , a lot , lots ( informal ) , still , yet , rather , considerably , a great deal ( formal )

He works even harder than before .

The rabbit is rather smaller than the hare , although in appearance the two are very similar .

She is a great deal better today .

2 减弱语气: a little , a bit ( informal ) , slightly , somewhat ( formal )

The hot dog is a bit cheaper than the hamburger .

四 用于修饰最高级的词

最高级可以用序数词以及much , by far（最，显然） , nearly , almost , by no means

乎，差不多）, 等词语修饰

How much did the second most expensive hat cost ?

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / by no means / not quite the biggest .

用very 修饰最高级时，其词序为 the / one’s + very + 最高级

This is the very best choice .

We will do our very best to finish the project on time .

决不）, not quite

（一点也不，（几

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