初中英语重点句型中固定短语的用法

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初中英语重点句型中固定短语的用法

a.这是英语中常见的一种构造，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

are twenty girls in our 也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.

be 构造中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

is a river near our school.

否：There is not a river near our school.

问：Is there a river near our school.

答复：Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

划⑴How many rivers are there near our school?

⑵What’s near our school?

be 构造的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be

e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is

there?

①There is going to a football match this afternoon.

②They were sure that they were going to a rest.

on

+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

has bought some foreign stamps.

So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.

r+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语，表示某人也不。

has never been to Japan.

Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan,

either.

+主语+be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.

B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.

⑴It’s two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

straight on and you’ll see a school. =If you go

straight on, you’ll see a school.

hard, or you will fall behind the other

students.

=If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the other.

eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。

⑵The harder you work on it, the better you’ll be at

it.(你越用功，你就越好。)

虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:What have you done with the library book?

B:I’ve just returned it to the library.

I don’t know how to do. × ...be like?...是什么样的?

eg.⑴What’s the weather like? 天气如何?

⑵What’s your school like? 你们学校是什么样的?

do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want

a science lab?

Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.

eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我觉察学好英语是很有用的)

find +宾语 +名词 eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.)

find +宾语 +形容词 eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着)

I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

eg.I don’t think I’ll take it. (我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否认在从句中,但是英语的表达否认在主句中。

eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than

chicken

初中英语句型构造知识点详解：With的复合构造作独立主格

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, his hand raised.

= He stood there, with his hand raise.

The murder was brought in, with his hands behind his

back。

A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语构造。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)，也不用复数。但 with 的复合构造不受此限制

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.

( hand前不能加his)。

He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his

eyes looking straight up.

Weather, we'll go out for a walk.

A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting

答案B. 此题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合构造。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立构造，其构造为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，应选B。

如果不会判断独立构造作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a

walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

初中英语句型分类知识点详解：一般否认句与特指否认句

1. China of today is not what it was thirty years ago.

2. "Isn't that Teddy Thomson out?"-"I think it's him,

but I can't be a hundred percent sure."

3. "Oh, sir, he can't have said such a thing! He can't

have spoken like that to you, sir!"

4. We must not wait for favors from Nature; we must

take them from her.

5. I haven't finished the book yet. 6. Money could not

buy happiness.

[注1] He is no fool. Great barkers are no biters.

[注2] 二十四个特殊定式动词：

1. Sorrow doesn't buy bread. 2. Pure gold does not

dread fire.

3. "Why is Mr. Cooper so angry today?"-"I don't know

why."

4. "They did not steal so much."-"I don't care how

much." He said, "… A thief is a thief."

1. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

2. Viola, hearing this, knew not how to behave, nor how

to answer her.

3. I know not what course others may take, but, as for

me, give me liberty or give me death!

4. We are fleet-winged men at arms; we fear not

mountains high or rivers deep.

1. There was no well in the village at that time.

2. Oliver Twist was born in a workhouse… There were no

aunts, no sisters, no cousins, no grand mothers.

3. There is not a moment to be lost. 4. There is no

holding back the wheel of history

1. Who knows it? (=No one knows it.) Dare he do it?

(=He dare not do it.)

2. God only knows! (=No one knows.) As if I would allow

it! (= I would certainly not allow it.)

3. Catch me doing that!

4. If I do I am a villain. (=I will not do.) Do that

again if you dare.

5. In Heaven, an angel is nobody in particular. They

shun personal fame and gains.

6. The city and the areas around it are an ice-free

port and a nuclear weapon-free zone. The building is in a

state of neglect.

7. She stood still, trying winly (in vain) to answer

the battery of questions raised by the reporters.

8. I dislike the idea very much. Mr. White has

refrained from making any official ment on the coup in that

country. Yesterday she failed to get to school on time. The

evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of

doubt. They excluded children (from) getting in. We'll

forever live up to what the party expects of us. Avoid

operating the keys roughly. She was refused admittance by

them.

9. Slips are scarcely avoidable when you're new to your

work. He is ignorant of conditions at the levels. Our PLA

is worthy of being called a great army pf the people.

10. The meetings were marked by such an absence of

lively discussions that at times they were almost on the

point of breaking up. Lei Feng's noble deeds are above all

praise. To do this is beyond my ability. He is out of the

office. (= He is not in the office.) Tom is away from

Cambridge. (= Tom is not at Cambridge.) It is far from

perfect. That served to strengthen instead of weaken our

determination (or: That strengthened, rather than weakened,

our determination.) The truth is quite other than what you

think. I know better than to quarrel.

1. Not a soul was anywhere visible. 2. You must always

remember not to bee conceited.

3. The teacher told his pupils not to make such a

mistake again.

4. I went to see him off, not to meet him. 5. We felt

sorry for not ing on time

1. I don't think it is right to make such hasty

decision. 2. I'm not feeling very well today.

3. I don't believe that he will e tomorrow.

4. You can't judge a thing only by its looks.

5. He's studying English now, but he doesn't speak

English very well yet.

6. People did not shake off colonialist's yoke in order

to put on hegemonist's yoke.

7. Don't think ill of me because I use her help. She

gives it cheerfully as you see…

初中英语句型分类知识点详解：局部否认句与全体否认句

1. All is not gold that glitters. 2. All is not lost

that is in peril.

3. And yet all did not go smoothly between them, for

the younger man…had his heart set on New York.

4. I don't like both of the novels. 5. Every one cannot

make music.

6. Everybody, it is true, wouldn't like it. 7. Such a

thing is not found everywhere.

8. The good and the beautiful do not always go together.

9. A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom. 10.

I don't wholly agree.

[注] Some people like that sort of thing; Some don't.

1. Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does

anything about it.

2. No trickery can fool us. 3. None of my friends smoke.

4. I could remember neither the name of the author nor

the title of the book.

5. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets

his mind to it.

6. The book was nowhere to be found. 7. Neither of the

sisters is here.

8. Never have we been daunted by difficulties.

1. I do not know any of them. 2. I did not receive any

letters yesterday.

3. I don't like either of the novels. 4. Justice must

not be denied to anyone.

5. Did you go any where yesterday?-No, I didn't go

anywhere yesterday.

6. Anyhow I shall not go today.

[注] 不可说 "anybody cannot do it." 只能说 "nobody can

do it."

1. All germs are invisible to the naked eye. 2. All his

plans came to nothing.

3. Both visitors are unwele. 4. Every plan made by him

is impossible of execution.

5. We all disbelieve in the existence of God. 6. Their

quarrels are always interminable.

初中英语句型分类知识点详解：延续否认句与半否认句

1. "Oh, no, no, no and again no," said Pinohio. "I must

be a good boy."

2. "Am I troubling you?"-"no, not in the least."

3. I shall never do it, not under any circumstances.

4. We must not think of him as a big, strong boy. Far

from it!

5. I don't know how much you've got, and I dare say you

hardly know yourself, as it would take a pretty long time

to count it.

1. I'll not do such a thing, not I. 2. He will not

break his word, not he.

3. They will not be discouraged, not they. 4. Tom

cannot speak Russian, not he.

1. Frieda didn't go to the dance, neither did Fanny. 2.

You can't do it, nor can anybody else.

3. You did not see him, neither did I. 4. Are you not

going? Neither am I.

5. Oliver did not e that day, nor the next day; nor the

next after that, nor for many, many days after.

6. I know not what, nor where, neither what latitude,

what country, what nation, or what river. I neither saw,

nor desired to see any people; the principal thing I wanted

was fresh water.

[注1] 有时根据意义上的需要，以下句子是允许的。

I thought of him (=I didn't forget him), nor did I

forget you.

[注2] 前句用little, hardly等半否认词，后句同样可跟延续否认句。

The world will little note, nor long remember what we

say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

1. We are not in the wrong, nor (is) John either. 2. I

cannot sing, I cannot dance, either.

3. Mary has no brothers, no cousins, either. 4. I don't

know it. You don't know either?

5. China will not be a superpower, not either today or

ever in the future.

[注] 英语中"也"的概念在肯定句中通常用too, also或…and

as well

1. I could not assent to, much less participate in such

proceedings.

2. …he dared not openly charge her with the attempt,

much less punish her for it.

3. He doesn't like music, still less dancing.

4. I did not even see him, still less shake hands with

him.

5. I have no mind (idea) to lend this book to anyone,

much less to part with it. (割爱)

[注] (much, still, even, far, a lot, a great deal

等)+more也用于追补某些未说完的内容， 但much more只用于肯定句，不能引导延续否认句。 如: I like music, much more

dancing. He speaks French, much more English.

Everyone has a right to enjoy his liberty, much more

his life.

1. He does not know English, to say nothing of German

or French.

2. In old china there was hardly any machine-building

industry, to say nothing of an aviation industry.

3. At that time they could not afford the ordinary

forts of life, not to speak of luxuries.

4. I don't know algebra or geometry, not to mention

calculus.

5. I never thought of it, let alone (或much less,

still less) did I do it.

[注1] "not to say"与 "to say nothing of", 意思相差很远。"not to say"是"不到"的意思，如：It is warm, not to say

hot.

[注2] apart from; independently of (姑且不说…) 如：Quite apart from (or independently of) saying a good deal

of money in drawing illustrations myself, I derived much

pleasure from it.

1. It scarcely matters. 2. I have hardly ever been out

of London…

3. The downtown section of New York has hardly (almost

not) a tree or a single blade of grass anywhere along the

narrow dusty streets.

4. He would hardly recognize his home town if he saw it

now.

5. We seldom hear such fine singing from school. 6.

Little remains to be said.

1. Few, however, if any, besides the King himself

believed that Hermione was guilty.

2. I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.

3. She seldom or never (if ever) made a mistake. 4. Mr.

Morris seldom or never went out.

5. Peter read little or nothing (little if anything) in

summer vacation.

初中英语句型分类知识点详解：双重否认句与排除否认句

1. He doesn't lend his book to nobody. 2. You can't

make something out of nothing.

3. I'll take it then. Not for nothing. I'll give you

something in return.

4. I could not disobey him. Only one thing remained for

me: to suffer and obey.

5. He was never dissatisfied with my work. 6. What's

done cannot be undone.

7. This captain took a fancy to my conversation, which

was not at all disagreeable at that time.

[注] 如果要用否认代词作主语，谓语要用肯定式。

Nothing is changeless. Nothing is without his faults.

Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.

[主语+否认式谓语…+without+名词…/动名词]

[It (或名词) is+否认词语+不定式+without+名词…/动名词]

1. We can live without food or water for some days, but

without air we cannot live even a few minutes.

2. At the beginning of learning English he could not

speak it without making mistakes.

3. There is no right to speak without investigation. 4.

No gains without pains.

5. (There is) No sweet without (some) sweat.

6. Without revolutionary theory there can be no

revolutionary movement.

7. Without knowledge of science and technology it is

impossible to build socialism.

8. It is impossible for your team to win without

constant training.

[注1] 由第二式的省略 "no…without…"进一步紧缩的结果，便产生 "no…no…" 简单式，主要用于谚语格言。例如：No pains,

no gains. No law, no liberty. No investigation, no right to

speak. Nothing venture, nothing have. (nothing是no的派生词)

[注2] "not without…" 表示"不无…"、"不是没有…"的意思，是一种委婉的说法。

例如：Not without reason / not without some doubt I

have brought back your man-not without risk and danger.

1. Though Laurence had promised Keith not to see Wanda,

he could not help going to her.

2. He (Shylock) could not help showing his pleasure. 3.

I can't help admiring it whenever I look at it.

4. I could not refrain from retorting to hear such a

lie. 5. I cannot keep from laughing to hear such a story.

1. "You cannot but feel already that it is useless

staying here… you will have to go farther."

2. I can not but admire his courage. 3. We cannot

(choose) but read books to increase our knowledge.

4. They cannot but admit that in certain aspects of

science and technology we are away ahead of them.

1. Nothing was useful which was not honest. 2. Nothing

can be wholly beautiful that is not useful.

3. I have never mitted one act that was not in the

interests of my people.

4. Bassanio, in his grief, replied that there was

nothing he would not sacrifice.

1. There is no man but has his faults. 2. (There is)

Nobody but has his faults. 3. No one but can do it.

4. There is no rule but has exceptions. 5. There is

nobody but knows this matter.

1. It never rains but it pours.(=It never rains without

pouring.)

2. I never see you but I think of my brother. 3. They

never meet but they discuss this problem.

4. She never es but she brings something for the

children.

[注] 汉语中的双重否认句译成英语时不一定用双重否认句。"知无不言，言无不尽。"-- Say all you know and say it without

reserve. "这样的人是没有不摔跤的。"-- Such people are bound

to trip and fall.

1. He did nothing beyond writing one letter.

2. He did not really know what he was going to say,

beyond that the situation demanded something romantic.

3. Of Oliver Edwards, nothing, I believe, is known

beyond the fact that he had been at Pembroke College with

Johnson.

1. No one knows it but you and I. 2. He did nothing but

wait for the result.

3. I have no secret of suess but hard work.

4. I couldn't see but that the soldiers would fight and

die for the sake of their country.

5. Who but he would do such a thing?

6. The meeting will be held next Tuesday barring

unforeseen factors.

1. Everyone is ready except you.

2. No man ever became great or good except through many

and great mistakes.

3. Except a living man there is nothing more wonderful

than a book.

4. We lay there along time in silence, except that Webb

groaned every now and then.

5. She is absolutely alone except for her son.

6. All the splendid furniture of his late residence had

been sold, excepting his wife's harp.

1. Apart from the question of expense, it is too late.

2. Aside from this statement, he refused to talk.

3. The building will cost about 2,500,000 Yuan,

exclusive of the machinery equipment.

4. The Canal system in China is the most extensive in

the world with the exclusion of Netherland.

1. I do entreat you, not a man departs, save I alone,

till antonym has spoken.

2. In this life we get nothing save by effort.

3. At this hour the great tunnel was quiet save when a

train roared above.

4. All is lost save honor. 5. Saving his eyesight, he

was as well as ever.

6. The bar was empty save for the landlord.

7. Saving that he failed in Latin, he did well.

1. I have nothing against him, only that I dislike his

manner.

2. "Is anything the matter with Madeline?" - "No, papa,

only I have got a headache."

3. It was fortified on all sides other than this.

4. You will generally suffer for wishing to appear

other than what you are; whether it be greater, or more

learned.

[注1] besides和apart from兼有"除外"和"包括"的意思。I

care for nothing besides (apart from) this. (多用于否认句)

Apart from (Besides) English, he is also well versed in

Russian. (多用于带有also等副词的肯定句)

[注2] in addition to有"包括"的意思, 如: In addition to

John's being blamed for this, he was blamed also for

breaking the window.

1. Hurling insults and threats is certainly not

fighting. 2. It simply will not do!

3. We must not bee placent over any suess.

4. We absolutely must not relax our will. 5. The nature

of wolves will never change.

6. Without the Communist Party I should assuredly not

be what I am today.

1. For it was Oliver, his cruel brother-the last person

Orlando would have expected to find there.

2. He is the last person to do such a thing. 3. This is

the last place where I expected to have met you.

4. Breach of promise is the last thing that he is

likely to mit.

1. At no time and under no circumstances will China be

the first to use nuclear weapons.

2. Young people should on no aount (=should not on any

aount) neglect their daily physical exercise.

3. We have ideals, but we are by no means visionaries.

4. He will in no wise give up study.

[注] 其他加强否认的方式：1. […be anything but…] (决不是) He is anything but a scholar.

2. [(There is) no+ V-ing] (决不可) There is no denying

the fact. = It is absolutely impermissible to deny the fact.

因此语意比下句强，"It is impossible to deny the fact."

1. We must never for a moment divorce ourselves from

the masses.

2. The mother did not have a wink of sleep the whole

night on aount of the child's high fever.

3. He did not breathe a single word about it.

4. Though I have walked twenty miles, I am not a bit

tired.

5. The little boy is do full of energy that he refused

to stay put for any length of time.

[注] 表示微量词的词组中以 in the least为最常见，不少的微量词可用它代替。如：

I am not in the least tired. I was not surprised in the

least. That boy was not in the least afraid of the snake.

1. There will be no difficulty in the world which they

cannot overe.

2. The doctor was writing a book, but it went on so

slowly that it would not be finished within a thousand

years.

3. "Don't you dance?"-"I'm the world's worst dancer."

4. He was not at all confused. 5. It is of no value at

all.

6. This is a historical trend no force on earth can

hold back.

[附注1] 与汉语中的否认式相对应的英语不一定要用否认式。如："很不好"，不能译成英语的"very not good", 应换一种说法，

"This is very bad.", "It is not good at all." 汉语"这事我一点也不知道"可译作 "I am quite in the dark about the

matter."或 "About this I knew nothing." 汉语"我很不喜欢喝酒。"可译作为 "I dislike wine very much."或 "I am not a bit

interested in wine./I don't like wine at all./I am the last

person to like wine.

其次要注意分析。汉语"一窍不通"，是缩小否认数量的说法，最好译成 "be utterly ignorant"或 "not know the ABC

of…/know nothing of… 又如"世界上一切事物无不具有两重性"，这里有几个强调的词语："世界上"，"一切事物"，"无不"。"一切事物"不能用all/all things, 因此只能用缩小量的说法。 "There

is not a single thing in the world without a dual nature."

[附注2] 一般说来，只要需要，所有的肯定句都可以改为否认句，但一定要依照前面所介绍的各种句型的要求。此外，还应考虑以下几点：

1) 逻辑上说不过去的不能改为否认句。Where is Mary? 不能改为 where isn't Mary?

2) 句型要求不能用否认式的。How hard-working he is! 不能改为 how hard-working he isn't!

3) 除句型28中列举的一些强调词语有分工外，以下词语只用于肯定句，否认句应采用括号中相对应的异根同义词。Some

(not…any); too (not…either); so (neither, no more); a

long way (not…far); a lot of/plenty of/a great deal of/a

good deal of… (not…much of); as…as (not so…as); already

still (not yet/ not any more/no more/ no longer…)

1. I have got some. → I haven't got any. 2. I see a

great deal of him. → I didn't see much of him.

3. We went a long way. → We didn't go far. 4. I will

do so still. → I'll not do so any more.

4) 注意may, must, need, can (could) 在肯定句与否认句中的含义变化，对应关系也会出现交织现象。

A. 表示许可用may (口语中常用can); 表示制止通常用must

not, 有时也用may not 语气较委婉。

"May (Can) I smoke here?" - "Yes, you may (can)." 或"No,

you must not." 或 "You may not smoke here."

B. 表示责任、义务或必要时用must, 否认式只能用need not

"Must we hand in our homework today?" - "Yes, you must.

No, you needn't."

C. 表示推测指"可能"时，用must; 指"不可能"，"不一定"时用cannot/could not, 有时也用may not, 口气较委婉，意为"也许不"。 That must be a mistake. No, it cannot be a mistake.

It must not be a mistake

D. 表示推测也常用may，指"可能";否认式同上。 He may be

right/ He cannot be right. He may not be right.

本文标签： 否认构造表示句型详解