四级选词填空11篇

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2024年1月22日发(作者：)

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect

motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their

consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy

creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of

small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented

inducements( 刺激 ) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of

Personality and Social Psychology.

“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they

show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But

it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much

anticipation for rewards.

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for

__8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the

latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__

failing grades.

In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging

problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising

efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid

E)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinary

I)approval J)monetary K)generally L)improve

M)challenging N)restore O)excellent

Answers:

1. 选 L 第一段主要提出了行为学家和认知派研究专家对于额外奖励的不同看法，因此可以推出此处应填与 destroy 意思相反的动词，可选项由 improve 和 aid ，但能与

performance 构成动宾搭配的只有 improve ，故排除 aid 。

2. 选 I 由空格后的 and gift 可知此处应填名词。认知派研究专家认为，由于奖励助长了人们期望从别人那得到 …… 和物质奖励的心理，而往往会破坏创造力，因此，选项中只有 approval “认同”符合题意。

3. 选 F 此处应填副词。可选项有 generally 和 especially ，但从文章后面所举的例子来理解，此处是为了突出强调教育家支持认知派研究专家的看法，因此只有 especially “尤其，特别”符合题意。

4. 选 J 此处应填形容词。由 But 转折可知此句表明的观点与认知派研究专家 who

study various aspects of mental life 的观点“物质奖励有害”相反，因此可以推出此处应填的形容词是表示“物质奖励”的意思的词，选项中只有 monetary 符合题意。

5. 选 G 此处应填动词。由 But 转折可知，此举表明的观点与前者即行为学家所持的观点一致，原文为“适当地给予奖励刺激确实 …… 创造力”，选项中只有 aid “有助于（刺激）”符合题意。

6. 选 M 此处应填形容词。从原文来看，如果孩子们知道他们在为获得奖励而努力，并能专注于相对 …… 的任务，他们就会表现出很大的创造力，因此只有 challenging 符合题意。

7. 选 C 由 it its easy to do 结构可知，此处应填动词。由此句中 But 转折与前一句中

show the most creativity 可以推出，此处应填的词应与 show he most 表达的意思相反，且与

destroy 意思相近，故选项中只有 kill 符合题意。

8. 选 H 此处应填形容词。由此句中 high grades 和 uninspired 可以推出此处应填的词应与 high 形成对比，故只有 ordinary 符合。

9. 选 N 由空格前的 and 可知，此处应填动词。可选项有 avoid 和 restore ，但由

tighten 可推出，既然是使平分标准严格，那么就会有高分和低分，也会有不及格，故只有

restore “恢复”符合题意。 avoid “避免（不及格）”不符合原文意思。

10. 选 B 很明显此处应填名词。原文为“实行所谓象征性奖励，在努力提高学生创造力方面有 …… ，”可选项有 promise 和 hope ，而 hope 是一般人主观的愿望，希望，但此处强调的是“ …… 有实现的可能性，有前景”，故排除 hope 而选 promise 。

Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text.

The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these

he puts __1__ questions, and so on.

For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of

consciousness. At times, however, we become __2__ of it. This is usually when we

are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning.

When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at

the unconscious level.

Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the

words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting,

criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension

which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The

balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important,

and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process”

conversation as __8__ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning

but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to

hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well __10__. Not so our

ability to hold a content conversation.

A)opposed B)converse C)equally D)written

E)developed F)strategies G)compared H)awake

I)higher J)expectations K)deal

L)absolutely

M)aware N)better O)further

Answers:

1. 选 O 很明显此处应填形容词。可选项有 higher 和 further ，原文为“根据答案反复提出。。。问题“，但 higher 一般强调的是层次上的高低，因此不能用来修饰 question ，故只有 further “更进一步的”符合题意。

2. 选 M 此处应填形容词且能与 of 构成固定搭配。可选项有 awake 和 aware ，由前一句中 below the level of consciousness （即 unconsciousness ）和此句中 however 转折可以推出，此处应填与 consciousness 意思相近的形容词，故排除 awake “警觉的”，而选

aware 。

3. 选 J 由空格后的 and meaning 可知，此处应填名词，与 meaning 构成并列结构。原文为“我们会意识到沟通的存在，通常是在我们遇到难题或 …… 与文章意思不符的时候”，故只有 expectations “所猜测的意思”符合题意。

4. 选 B 很明显此处应填动词且能与 with 搭配。可选项有 converse 和 deal ，从句意来理解，不同的人 …… 文章不同，但由于文章主要说明的是读者与文章之间的沟通方式，故排除 deal “处理”而选 converse “谈话。

5. 选 D 因关系代词 which 指代的是 comprehension ，可知此处应填动词的被动形式。但由 The former 和 the words on he page 可推出前一种人是从文中的字词去理解文章，而字词只能是被写在文中，因此只有 written 符合题意。

6. 选 I 此处应填形容词。由 The former 和 The latter 可知，此处是将两种人的对话方式进行比较，故可选项有 higher 和 better ，但由前面提到的后一种人对文章所做的

interpreting，criticizing，analyzing and examining 可知，这些都属于对文章更高层次的理解，因此选 higher 。

7. 选 C 显然此处应填副词。可选项有 equally 和 absolutely ，但由 another 可推出，文章是在分别说明两种对话方式，而没有突出哪个更重要，故排除 absolutely 而选

equally 。

8. 选 A 此处是将“ process ” conversation 与“ content ” conversation 形成对比，故可选项有 opposed 和 compared ，但 as opposed to 是固定搭配，因此排除 compared 。

9. 选 F 从句子结构来看，此处缺的是 employ 的宾语，再从选项中看，能与 employ 形成动宾搭配且符合题意的只有 strategies ，故选 strategies 。

10. 选 E 此处应填动词的被动形式。选项中有 developed “提高，加强”和 compared “比较”能与 ability 构成动宾搭配，但从句意理解，通常高级读者与文章进行“程序对话”的能力 …… ，故只有 developed 符合题意。

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No

school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There

are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch _____ it must be given

over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child

to express himself freely and _____ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of

spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__child will

be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to

avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay

attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a

sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too

many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharP__8__

of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had

omittedto read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s

teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s

ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more

__10__ to seek improvement.

A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearly E)adventurous

F )discourage G)motivation H)terrible I)ignored J)difficult

K)encourage L)expressed M)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed

Answers:

1. 选 I ）。 由该句中的 has 可知，此处应填动词过去式，且表达的含义应和后面的

consider…unimportant 相近，故应排除 contained 和 expressed而选择 ignored 。

2. 选 A ）。 此处应填名词，但能与后面 over 构成固定搭配的名词只有 priority ，故排除 了 criticism 和 motivation 。

3. 选 M). 由空格前面的 and 可知，此处应填副词和 freely 并列。从句意来理解，在没有拼写困难的情况下，怎样鼓励学生自由且 …… 地表达自己，选项中只有 confidently

“自信地“符合题意。

4. 选 N ）。 很明显这里应填形容词，选项中 terrible ， difficult 后接事物名词

something ，只有 adventurous 和 bright 可用来形容 somebody （ child )，再由后面的play

safe“不冒险”，可排除adventurous而选择bright。

5. 选 E ）。 由前一句中的 be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的 avoid可以推知，此处所填词的意思应与play safe表达的意思相反，故选项中只有adventurous符合题意。

6. 选 K ）。 很明显此处应填动词的一般现在时，可选项有 encourage和 persuade 。由 That’s why 知本句与前一句构成因果关系，而前一句说的是学生往往会用他们拼写范围内的词写文章，从而选择避免用那些不会的词，故由此可推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除 persuade 而选encourage。

7. 选 H ）。 此处应填形容词。由空格后面的 too many spelling errors和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。

8. 选 B ）。 此处应填名词。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism符合题意。

9. 选 C ）。 此处填动词过去式，本句中由 which 引导的从句是对 essay的解释，剩余选项中 contained 和 expressed ，根据句意，文章 …… 儿童内心感受的一些好的表达，故只有 contained 符合题意。

10. 选 G ）。 此处应填名词。根据句意，如果老师更注重学生思想的表达的话，会给学生更大的动力去寻求提高；故排除 motive “动机，原因”而选 motivation 。

Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging.

Criticismfrom coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an

excessiveamount of __1__ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or

psychologicaland research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as

__2__ orquitting of an activity that was at one time early years of development are

__3__ years for learning about oneself. The sport settingis one where valuable experiences can

take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to__4__ with others, make friends, and

gain other social skills that will be used throughout their s and parents should be

aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can __5__affect their children. Youngsters

may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find aflaw（缺陷）in

s and parents should also be __6__ that youth sport participation does not

become workfor children. That outcome of the game should not be more important than the __7__

of learning thesport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be

worrying moreabout who will win instead of __8__ themselves and the sport. Following a game

many parents andcoaches __9__ on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances.

Positive reinforcementshould be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that

positive reinforcement motivatesand has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again,

criticism can create __10__ levels of stress,which can lead to burnout.

A)process B)high C)enjoying D)anxiety E)settle F)cautious

G)cooperate H)greatly I)dropping J)hardly K)intense

L)focus M)aspiration N)critical O)procedure

ANSWERS：

1.选D 由or可知，此处应填名词，并且所填名词和stress词语词性相同，选项中有anxiety和aspiration，但由最后一段中worryingmore可推出，压力会给运动员造成过多的焦虑，而不是渴望，故排除aspiration而选anxiety。

2.选I 由or可知， 此处应填动词的现在分词形式，且表达的意思应与quitting相近，故排除选项中的enjoying而选dropping“不再做（某事）”。

3.选N 此处应填形容词。从原文“成长过程的最初几年是了解自己的......时期。”可选项有cautious和critical，由后文中的valuable experiences和be used throughout their lives可推出，成长的最初几年是了解自己的关键时期，而不是谨慎时期。故排除cautious而选critical。

4.选G 此处应填动词， 且能与with构成搭配。可选项有settle和cooperate，而settle with

sb. 意为“同某人解决（法律上的争端）",显然不符合题意，因此选cooperate“合作”。

5.选H 此处应填副词。可选项有greatly和hardly，由o heart可推出，教练和父母的反馈信息会极大地影响年轻运动员，故排除hardly而选greatly。

6.选F 由also可知， 此处应填与aware对应的形容词。因此，可选项有cautious和critical，但that从句解释的是参与体育运动不能成为孩子们的工作，故只有cautious符合题意。

7.选A 此处应填名词。由that可知，此处应填与outcome意思相反的词，故只有process“过程”符合题意，选项中procedure强调的是“程序”，故排除。

8.选C 由句中的instead of可知，此处应填动词的现在分词形式。根据worrying和instead

of可推出，此处应填与worrying意思相反的词，因此，选项中只有enjoying符合题意。

9.选L 此处应填动词，且能与on构成搭配。可选项有settle和focus，但从句意来理解，比赛后，许多父母和教练......比赛结果，而且总是在挑剔年轻人在比赛中的表现。settle on“决定，同意：，显然与句意不符，故排除settle而选focus，focus on在此意为“看重".

10.选B 此处应填形容词。但选项中的形容词有high和intense，应为这个形容词由来修饰名词level，而intense表示“紧张的，强烈的”不能用来修饰level，故选择high。

The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens（雅典)in 1896 and only twelve nations

participated. Besides the host nationman participants were tourists who __1__ to be in Greece

atthe time. Though the whole affair was __2__ and the standardwas not high, the old principle of

amateur sport was kept then the games had been held every four yearsexcept during the

__3__ of the two World War. This was __4__ adeparture from the old Olympic spirit when wars

had to stoPandmake way for the games have grown enormously in scale and

__5__performances have now reached unprecedented unately the same cannot be

said about their __6__ d of Olympia, the modern games are now held in

differentcities all over the world. Inevitably politics and commercialismget involvedas countries

vie each other for(为 ...... 而互相竞争) the __7__ to hold the games because of the

politicalprestige and commercial profit to be __8__ out of them. Inthe 11 th games held in Berlin

in 1936, Hitler who had newlycome to __9__ in Germany tried to use the occasion for hisNazi

propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame wasbrought all the way from Olympia to the

games site in relays,a marathon journey now often taking months to __10__.

A) honour

E) arrive

B) accomplish

F) occured

J) definitely

N) especially

C) had

G) end

D) moral

H) power

I) happened

M) interruption

K) Physical L) informal

O) irregular

ANSWERS :

1.选I 空格中要填词为who引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，可知此处应填动词的过去式。可选项有had, occurred和happened,首先空格所在的who引导的定语从句修饰的是tourists“游客”，happened to be in Greece“碰巧在希腊”是符合这样的语境的，而had to “不得不”和occur to表示“想起，想到”都不能使句意通顺。

2.选L and引导两个意思相近的并列结构，由the standard was not high“标准不高”可知，此处要填的是和not high语气一致的形容词，再由前两句可知，参赛的国家很少并且有很多很多游客参加了比赛，这说明这次比赛没有那么正式，选项中只有informal符合题意。选项irregular则一般表示“（形状）不规则的，（安排）无规律的”，与句意不符，故排除。

3.选M 从句中的except可知在两次世界大战中没有比赛，说明的是奥运会因战争而中断。选项中有end和interruption可表示停止，end“终断”，表示某事中断后不再继续，interruption“中断”，表示某事中断后仍然继续，故选择interruption。

4.选J 本句主系表结构完整，由此可知，此处应填副词，修饰整个句子。选项中有definitely和especially，从句意来理解，这......违背了古老的奥林匹克精神，将definitely“显然地”带入原文，符合原文的意思；而especially“特别地”表示强调，而此处表示的则是通过比较后得出结果，故排除especially。

5.选K 奥林匹克比赛中的两个最重要的方面就是竞技水平和运动精神，由grown

enormously in scale可知，现在参加奥林匹克运动会规模渐大，运动员逐渐增多，因此应理解为体育竞技水平达到了前所未有的高度，因此应选physical。

6.选D 此处应填形容词。由Unfortunately和because of the political prestige and

commercial profit可推出，不幸的是各国竞争举办奥运的目的是为了政治威望与利益，可见此处说明的是与体育成绩相对应的运动会的道德水准没有得到相应的提高，选项中只有moral符合题意。

7.选A 此处应填名词。各国争夺举办奥运会，to hold the games是一种实力象征，也是一种荣耀。选项中有honour和power可选，power一般指“（个人或团体所掌握或获得的）职权”，故排除power而选honour“荣幸”。

8.选C 此处应填动词的被动形式，这里考查的是动词have的一个搭配用法即have

something out of something“从......中得到......”，故这里选这C）had,表示“举办奥运会带来的政治威望和商业利润。”

9.选H cme to power是固定搭配，意为“（开始）掌权，上台”。

10.选B 此处应填动词的原形。可选项有accomplish,arrive和end,arrive一般指“到达（某地）”，end强调的是“（使某事）结束”，因此都不能与journey搭配，故排除arrive和end而选accomplish“完成”。

It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of

apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you’ve judged roughly, said __1__

things, pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you

indicated clearly and __2__ that you were sorry. A bit frightening, isn’t it? Frightening because

some deePwisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some

mysterious moral feeling is __3__, and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and

__4__ is expressed.I remember a doctor friend, telling me about a man who came to him with a

variety of signs: headaches, insomnia and stomach trouble. No __5__ cause could be found.

Finally my friend said to the man, "Unless you tell me what’s worrying you, I can’t

helPyou."After some hesitation, the man __6__ that, as executor of his faher’s will, he had been

cheating his brother, who lived abroad, of his __7__. Then and there the wise old doctor made the

man write to his brother asking __8__ and enclosing a cheque as the first stePin restoring their

good relation. He then went with him to mail box in the corridor. As the letter disappeared, the

man burst into tears. "Thank you," He said, "I think I’m __9__." And he was. A heartfelt apology

can not only __10__ a damaged relationshiPbut also make it stronger. If you can think of someone

who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or just neglected, do something

about it right now.

A)heal B)mental C)unkind D)regret

E)accurately

J)treat

O)excuse

F)confessed G)inheritance

K)truly

L)unfaithful

H)physical I)cured

M)forgiveness N)disturbed

Answers:1.选C)。此处应填形容词。从后面的pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend可知，说的是不好的话，可选项有unkind和unfaithful，但由前面的judged roughly“粗鲁的评判”可知这里表示说话时不考虑他人的感受，因此unkind“刻薄的”更加符合上下文语气。

2.选K)。由clearly and一词可知，此处应填副词，与closely一起修饰道歉时的情形。选项有accurately和truly,由“回想一下你曾明确地并......地表示自己歉意的场合”，能使句意通顺的是truly“真诚地”，而accurately一般表示“（数据计算得）精确地”，故排除。

3.选N)。it stays out of ，其中it=some mysterious moral feeling可推出，出于道义上的原因，人会感到不安，故选disturbed“不安的”。而confessed“公开承认的”不符合句意。

4.选D)。此处应填名词。从“知道承认错误，表达......之后，才能觉得安心，”选项中只有regret“歉意”符合题意。

5.选H)。此处应填形容词。由headaches，insomnia（失眠）and stomach trouble可推出，可选项有mental和physical，由朋友的话“ Worrying you, I can’t helPyou." 可知这个人是由于心理上的原因，而不是生理上的，故选physical即No 。

6.选F)。此处应填动词。选项中的动词有confessed，cured和disturbed，但由After some

hesitation可推出，此人是在向医生坦白情况，故选择confessed“坦白”。

7.选G)。此处应填名词。由as executor of his father’s will可推知，此处说明的是，在遗产继承方面，他一直在欺骗他居住在国外的兄弟，故只有选项inheritance符合题意。

8.选M)。此处应填名词。由restoring their good relation可推知，他是写信给他兄弟请求原谅，故选项中只有forgiveness符合题意。选项中excuse用作名词时，一般解释为“理由，借口”而没有“原谅”的意思，故排除。

9.选I)。由第二段最后一句waht’s worrying you和这个人的感情Thank you可推出，此处说明的是医生治好了他的心病，选项中只有cured符合题意。

10.选A)。此处应填动词的圆形。But also make it stronger“使人际关系更加稳固”，it指代a damaged relationship，由此可知，空格处应填表示“修复”的词，选项中的heal则有“治愈，修复”的意思，符合原文意思。treat一般专指医学上的治疗，用在此处不合适。

Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also

explain that there’sa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these

individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got

to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a __3__,

private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose

longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a

freelancewriter(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me

my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no

bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a __7__ a year

or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a

storythat __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for

years. I wasn’t going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting

my dream to the test----even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the

Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.

A) barely

F) poverty

B) genuine

G) persuade

L)awarded

C) rewarded

H) prospects

M) alone

D) doubt E) lonely

I) uncertainty J)impossibly

N)wealth O)cold K) encourage

Answers:1.选K)。 此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage。

2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除prospects而选wealth。

3.选E)。此处应填形容词，private, poor-paying一起修饰affair。选项中有lonely和alone,能修饰affair的只有lonely,alone表示“孤独的”时，通常作表语，故排除alone而选lonely。

4.选C)。此处应填动词的被动形式。可选项有rewarded和awarded,前者可表示“（为所希望的举动得到的）回报”，后者作动词时表示“颁发，授予”，故只有rewarded符合题意而排除awarded。

5.选H)。此处应填名词。“当我辞别了我在美国海岸警卫队20年工作成为一个自由撰稿人时，没有任何......可言”，可选项有prospects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意义上的“金钱”，因此排除wealth而选prospects“前途”。

6.选O)。it指代的是apartment building，从had no bathroom可知这个公寓条件很差，选项中只有cold能说明公寓的条件差，故选择O)cold。

7.选B)。“我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己就好像是一个......的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer可推知，此处作者是想成为一个真正的作家，故选项中只有genuine“真正的”符合题意。

8.选D)。由空格前的to可知，此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt,persuade,encourage,但由still hadn’t gotten a break"在写作上还没有任何进展”，所以此处应理解为他开始怀疑自己的选择是否正确，故doubt符合文意。

9.选A)。that从句结构完整，后面有made，故此处应填副词。可选项有barely和impossibly，因that引导的从句是对story的解释，再由hard一词可推知，此处应填的副词应表达肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而选barely“仅仅，刚刚”。

10.选I)。由空格后的and可知，此处应填名词。由fear of failure可知，所填词应表示不好的境遇，可选项有poverty和uncertainty;又由fear可推知，此处强调的是生活的变化无常，而不是生活的贫困，故选uncertainty。

The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other

dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were

suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are

rialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in

pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its

excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit

__4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the

traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties.

Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even

higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the

streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more

__7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove

more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and

geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the

postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in

__9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__

will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.

A)transplant

F)conflict

K)including

B)solution C)gadually D)transport

H)mobile I)couples

M)requires N)primary

E)elemental

J)agricultural

O)consisting

G)continually

L)compromise

ANSWER:

1. 选J）。此处应填形容词，修饰名次societies。文章第一句就说The typical pre-industrial

“工业化之前的典型家庭模式......”， 即“extended" family存在于工业化之前的社会，即agricultural society。故J）正确。选项中的primary”最初的，原始的“不符合原文意思。

2. 选A）。由be hard to do sth.可知，此处应填动词原形。They are immobile“这样的家庭很难流动”，这说明这样的家庭are ，选项中由transplant和transport两个动词原形，前者指的是“迁居，迁移”，后者指的是运输，不难推断前者符合原文意思，故A）transplant正确。3. 选C）。因为这句话的句子结构完整，固此处应填副词。选项中的副词有gradually和continually,原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了“，emerge的意思是“浮现" ，强调经过一个过程后出现的。由此可以判断，这句话坏死说明核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现，而不是连续不断地出现，故选择C)gradually>

4. 选O）。该句可拆分理解，即a of parents and a smell set of children "一个家庭单元......父母和不多的孩子“，由此可以推出这里要填的词是表示”包含，由......组成“的。选项中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of为固定刺诸，故O）为正确答案。

5. 选H）。从原文中的han可知，此处应填形容词，构成形容词的比较级结构。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比旧的因该是更有流动性，故应选H）mobile，说明新型的家庭模式的优点。

6. 选M）。此处应填动词，作这句话的谓语。Super-industrialism“(更发达的)超级工业化”......更具流动性的家庭。可推知空格处应填表示“需要，需求”的词。requires表示出自一种迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明显选择M)requires。

7. 选E）。此处应填形容词，用来修饰名词components。文中说明家庭被减缩到最......的成员，即由男人和女人组成，男人和女人是一个家庭最基本的成员。选项中的E）elemental“基本的，本质的”，而N）primary“主要的，最早的”，原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic的组成部分，故E）更符合原文意思。

8.选l）。此处应填名词。上段说两人家庭的优点，本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”，说明晚要孩子是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法，故选项中的L）compromise“妥协，折中”符合文意。而solution虽然也表示解决办法，但不能表达夫妇们无可奈何的心情，故排除。

9.选F）。上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾即conflict，根据上下文意思，这个题相对容易。

10.选I）。这段一直在说一个家庭里男人和女人因为工作和要孩子的事情发生争吵，那么将来要解决这个问题的仍然是家庭中的夫妻两人，故这里应填I）couples。

Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera

Through the videocenferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any

other graphic and phisical __1__ can be captured and transmitted through the communication

system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is

very __2__ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital

Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the __3__ behind bandwidth, latency and

isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing people communication is

__4__ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your

__5__ will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in

different locations, but also note __6__ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other

person is really thinking. Meetings are made more __7__ by sharing documents and computer

applications that a simple telephone cannot __8__.__9__, organizations are discovering the

competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance,

economical pricing, the ability to __10__ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global

telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a

practical reality for any organization.

A) fortunately B) effective C) images D) articulate E) facial

F) manage G) decisions H) connect I) advanced J) integrate

K) progressive L) concepts M）pictures N) increasingly O) important

ANSWER：

1.选C）。空格中要填的是名词，从后面的......can be captured and transmitted可以选出选项中images和pictures，pictures指“画面，图片”，一般指静态的情景；而文中的意思表达的是实时的电视会议，画面应该是动态的，images可以表示动态的形象，画面，故C）images正确。

2.选I）。这里应填形容词，修饰the technology。选项中的advanced，progressive，important可以用来修饰the technology，注释1说明了the technology中包含了很多行业术语，是很深奥的，排除important；而progressive“上进的，进步的”，强调寻求更好的，advanced“领先的，有高深的，并非人人都能接受的含义”，根据上下文I）advanced更符合题意。

3.选L）。首先判断这里应填名词，再根据注释2种“用于解释视频会议工作原理的......”，原文中有explain“解释，说明”可以退出，选项中的名词中concepts最符合题意。故选L）。

4.选O）。此处应填形容词。这个分句后面说交流越多，你越可能成为正确的那一个，说明交流很重要，与本土的视频会议-----一种交流的工具主题一致，这里应该填important。

5.选G）。由空格后的ones可知，这里应填名词的复数形式。前面提到the more

, the be the right ones“得到的交互信息越多，你的......就更有可能正确的”。人们通过电视会议谈判协商，了解得信息越多，自己的判断，决策才会更正确。故这里应填G）decisions。concepts“概念”是打扰项，这里和概念无关。

6.选E）。此处应填形容词。由上文Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people

in different locations“视频会议不仅可以让你与不同地方的人说话”，...expressions and gestures

that let you know what the other person is really thinking.“......表情和姿态，从而让你知道他们的真实想法”，很明显修饰expressions的应该是facial，意思是“面部表情”。

7.选B）。此处要填形容词，与more构成形容词比较级结构。从后文by sharing documents

and computer application“通过共享文档和计算机应用，会议能更加......”，这里电话会议的优势，也是其目的，即提高效率，故这里应填B）effective。K）progressive“进步的”并不是电话会议要达到的目的，故排除。

8.选F）。此处应填动词原形。选项中的动词原形有articulate，manage，integrate，connect，由原文可知，电视会议可以“共享文档和应用计算机”，而电话是不能做到的，以推断这里填的词表示“做到，实现”的词，故只有manage“设法，达成”符合文意。

9.选N）。可以推断此处应填副词，选项中有fortunately和increasingly两个副词，本文全文都在说随着技术的发达，电视电话会议越来越受欢迎，所以应该是increasingly而不是fortunately“幸运地”。

10.选J）。此处应填动词原型，宾语是各种重要的会议工具。选项中还有articulate，integrate和connect三个位动词原形。其中aiticulate作“接合”意思讲的时候指的是单独的事物由关节连接，connect“连接”表示将分离的东西连接在一起，而integrate强调的是各种事物结合，形成一个整体。integrate正确，故选J）。

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But

relaxation is __1__ for a healthy mind and body.

Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to __2__ it. In fact, it is not the

bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and

give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of __3__ that it can lead to poor

performance and ill health.

The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some

peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such __4__ are obviously prime material for managerial

responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of __5__ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in

whatever form, we react both physically and __6__. In fact we make choice between "flight or

fight" and in more __7__ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises

we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same

__8__. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued __9__ to stress, that health

becomes endangered. Since we cannot __10__ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so

even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.

A)exposure B)characters C)answer D)chemically

E)avoid F)psychologically G)primitive H)transfer

I)unusual J)control K)remove L)escape

M)response N)backward O)essential

ANSWER:

1.选O 此处应填形容词。前文中说人们正在失去放松的休闲方式，But转折表明作者对relaxation的重视态度，只有essential“必须的，重要的”符合文意。

2.选E 此处应填动词。前句说Stress is a natural part of everyday life“压力是日常生活中很自然的一部分”，说明人们不能避免压力。选项中只有avoid的意思为“避免，消除”，故E）avoid正确。

3.选J 此处应填名词。前面说有压力并不是坏事，适当的压力能给人以动力，能赋予人生活的意义。只有在什么时候，压力才会导致人们表现不佳，身体不好。根据上下文可知get out of control“压力失控”的时候，才会有不好的结果，故选J）control。

4.选B 此处应填名词。前句中not afraid of stress“不怕压力”是一些人的性格特点，选项中可以表示人的性格特点的词只有characters，故选B）。

5.选I 此处应填形容词，修饰名词difficulties。一些人遇到......的困难就灰心丧气，选项中的形容词中，unusual“不同寻常的”可以说明困难的程度，故选择I）。

6.选F 此处应填副词，与physically相对应，在此physically作为“身体上的”解释。选项中的副词有chemically“化学地”和psychologically“精神地”，很明显两个副词中选择F）psychologically。

7.选G 此处应填形容词，修饰名词days。...days与后文中的today相对应，形成对比。选项中的是primitive，即将人类的早期和人类的今天做比较 ，故选G）。而N）backward说明的是社会发展的状态，不符合原文意思。

8.选M 此处填名词。前句说，在人类的早期，选择不同就意味着生与死的差别；而现在人们碰到的危机不可能那样极端。后面but转折，说明了不管是压力的大小，人们都是在“避免”和“战斗”之间选择，下句中的such a reaction也可以说明人们对压力的反应是一样的，选项中的名词answer和response中，M）response=reaction符合文意。

9.选A 根据上题，这种反应长时间持续的原因就是长时间的面对压力，选项中的exposure“暴露的状态，受影响”符合上下文意思，故选择A）exposure。

10.选K 此处要填动词原形，和from构成动介搭配。人们应想办法应对压力，而不是将它......出人们的生活。选项中的transfer表示“转移”不符合原文意思；remove“移动，移除”可以和from连用，表示“除掉，移开”，符合原文意思，故选K）。

Nowadays, is it possible to tell a person’s class just by looking at him? Physical details __1__

tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often

lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often __2__,

sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working

conditions have improved, and such __3__ would no longer be so clothes people choose

to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for

the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had

money. Clothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in

fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool,

leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of

man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing

from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a

price within most people’s reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __9__

of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class

people who want to look __10__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.

A) available B) background C) different D) tall E) totally

F) taken G) descriptions H) degree I) clues J) alone

K) appear L) consider M) full N) hobby O)fetched

ANSWER:1.选J)。此处应填副词。可选项有totally和alone，由前一句中just可推出，外表上的细节仅仅能告诉我们这个人的健康状况，平时的营养状况以及他所从事的工作而不能看出他所处的阶级，故排除totally而选alone“惟一”。

2.选D)。此处应填形容词。因此此句和前一句是在将以前的工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况进行对比，故此处应填与small“矮的”意思相反的词，选项中只有tall符合题意。而full“丰满的”不能用来修饰sporting types,故排除。

3.选G)。此处应填名词。现在的生活和工作条件改善了，情况已经不同了。而such指代的是上文中对一百年以前工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况的身体状况的描述，故descriptions“描述”符合题意。

4.选B)。此处应填名词。根据句意“衣服可以提供...方面的信息”，选项中有background和hobby，选background“人的背景，社会阶层”，符合文章主题。

5.选I)。由as well可知，此处应填名词且与本段首句中的informaiton的意思相近，选项中只有clues“线索”符合题意。

6.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。选项中有appear和consider,appear可直接接不定式；而consider带不定式的复合结构，用于主动语态时，consider后面得接宾语，故选appear。7选F)。这句中this指代bright colour，句子主干是any 。可选项有taken和fetched,take“抓住”则可以与opportunity搭配，但fetch“拿来”不能与opportunity构成动宾搭配，故排除fetched而选taken。

8.选A)。此处应填形容词。句子意思是“衣服的价钱......，大多数人都买得起。”选项中只有available“可以接受的”符合题意。

9.选H)。此处应填名词。由a price within most people’s reach可推出，此处新衣服向外界显示的是穿衣者的富裕程度，故选择degree“程度”。

10.选C)。此处应填形容词。由new fashions和feel important可推出工人阶级想通过穿衣来改变他们，而选项中只有different“与众不同的”符合此意，故选择C)。

本文标签： 应填选项符合表示意思