2020新外研版新教材高二英语选择性必修四课文及翻译(中英文Word)

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（2019外研版）高中英语选修四课文及翻译

Unit 1

Understanding ideas

Facing the Future

面对未来

For many of us, it's something we already have moment, we are lying

comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep. The next, our eyes are open and we find

ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives-the

future. Will we get into the school of our choice? What will we be doing in ten years' time? Can we

become the person we really want to be In the face of such questions, how should we approach the

future? Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way?

我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正惬意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗?十年之后我们会在做什么?我们能够成为真正想成为的人吗面对这些疑问，我们应该如何迎接未来呢?我们能否采取行动去影响未来，还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切呢?

As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will

become reality. In this respect, some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated by

comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years apart. Although they shared the same

ambitious and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways.

正如我们许多人都知道的那样，对未来有计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。就这一方面而言，一些人比别人更幸运，例如，有两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家，对比他们的人生就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。

he American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded

in his ambition to write. On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee

reporter. He went on to become foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star and used his

extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform his writing In his words,"I decided that

I would write one story about each thing that I knew about." Having set himself this goal, he wrote

novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, the Spanish Civil

War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others. His short novel The Old Man and the Sea,

about the three-day epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish he had ever

caught, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in

Literature.

美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年，他从小立志，一心一意想要成为作家。高中毕业后，他进入堪萨斯当地的家报社做实习记者。此后，他又成为《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说:“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历，创作了许多长篇和短篇小说。他的短篇小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条自己捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。

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（2019外研版）高中英语选修四课文及翻译

By contrast, the young Authur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in1859, had originally worked as

doctor. But Doyle's' main ambition was to become a writer of historical novels. Although some of his

historical novels were published, their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional

detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day.

相比而言，1859年出生于苏格兰的亚瑟·柯南·道尔，原先是一名医生，但他最大的志向却是成为名历史小说作家。虽然他出版过一些历史小说，但与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克福尔摩斯的故事相比，所取得的成功不可同日而语。直到现在，道尔最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。

Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients

in his medical practice in London. After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave

up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. He still longed to become known for his

historical novels amongst other academic works. The public, however, couldn't get enough of

Sherlock Holmes. In desperation, Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893

so that he could focus on his "serious" writing. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle,

under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle's many historical

novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes

has been entertaining readers for well over a century.

有趣的是，一些早期的福尔摩斯故事是道尔在伦敦行医期间，在等候病人的时候创作的。在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了行医，全身心地投入创作。除了其他学术作品，他还是渴望自己能因历史小说而出名。然而，

公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事百读不厌。绝望之下，道尔在一部出版于1893年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便专心创作他的“严肃”作品。然而，福尔摩斯迷们对此感到非常愤怒，这使得道尔在巨大压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。道尔的很多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文几乎都被人遗忘了，但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。

Though both of these men were ultimately successful, their paths to success were very

different, their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. So, whatever twists and

turns you might encounter, take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for

the unexpected. As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said, "You can't connect the dots

looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots

will somehow connect in your future.

虽然这两位作家最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路却截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们当初所计划的那样。因此，不管未来你会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折，都应以这两位作者为榜样，做好应对意外的准备。正如著名的科技创

新者史蒂夫·乔布斯所说:“你无法预见性地将生命中的点滴串联起来，只有在回头看时，你才会发现这些点滴之间的联系。所以你要坚信，你现在所经历的，将在你未来的生命中串联起来。”

Unit 2

Developing ideas

The Road Not Taken

未选择的路

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（2019外研版）高中英语选修四课文及翻译

Two roads diverged in a vellow wood

And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveler, long I stood

And looked down one as far as I could

To where it bent in the undergrowth;

金黄色林中两条路各奔一方，

可惜我无法兼顾，

身在旅途，我久久伫立，

极目望向—条路的尽头，

它蜿蜒拐进远方的灌木丛;

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that, the passing there

Had worn them really about the same,

但我却选了另外一条路，公正公平，

抑或有更佳理由，

它荒草萋萋，诱人涉足;

即便如此，旅人的足迹

让两条路看起来相差无几，

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black

Oh, I kept the first for another day!

Yet knowing how way leads on to way,

I doubted if I should ever come back.

那天清晨落叶满地，

两条路都未经脚印污染。

啊，我留下第一条路改日再探!

明知道路径延绵，

我不确定是否还能回到这里。

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I

I took the one less traveled by,

And that has made all the difference.

也许多年之后在某个地方，

我会回顾往事轻声叹息:

树林中有两条路，

我选择了人迹较少的那一条，

从此，它为我带来了全新的人生轨迹。

Lines from the poem The Road Not Taken are often quoted in speeches of all kinds. The poem

has been set to music by a number of artists and used in numerous television commercials. It has in

fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time, not only because of its natural

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（2019外研版）高中英语选修四课文及翻译

style, but also because of its thoughtful insights into human nature.

《未选择的路》这首诗中的诗句常常在各种演讲中被引用。许多艺术家为这首诗谱了曲，它还被运用于大量的电视广告之中。事实上，它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为其自然的风格，还因为其对人性的深刻洞察。

When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful

wood deep within the countryside. Paths in the woods are often used to symbolize how our lives

progress and change. The lines "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, /And sorry I could not travel

both"give us a visual representation of the choices that we face and the decisions that we need to

make. Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis. These range from the basic"What should I

wear today?" to the key issues of what subject to study at university or what job to do after

graduation. Of course,the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems, when we are uncertain

which choice results in doing the right thing.

阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。林间小路往往象征我们人生中的进步和变化。“金黄色林中两条路各奔一方，可惜我无法兼顾”这两句话生动地展现了我们面临的选择以及需要做出的决定。生活每天都会向我们抛出许多选择，不仅包括“我今天应该穿什么”这样的小问题，也包括大学应该学什么专业或者毕业后应该做什么工作这样的重大问题。当然，最大的困境往往源于道德问题，因为我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的。

Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is that they leads to specific

consequences Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back. Although

the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day, he knows it's unlikely that he

will ever have the opportunity to do so. Like the writer, all we can do is look backwards "with a sigh"

and imagine what could have been.

无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会带来某种结果。在大多数情况下一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路，但是他也知道获得这种机会的可能性微乎其微。就像作者一样，我们能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。

This sigh, this wondering whether we made the right choice, is understandable. Although we

may be free to choose which path to take, this choice isn't easy when those two paths look similar.

Presented with two job offers, for instance we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing

between What if, in choosing one, we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities?

Will we ever even find out whether we made the right choice?

这一声叹息，以及我们对是否做出了正确选择的顾虑都是可以理解的。虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，其实很难做选择。比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时，我们可能会思索到底我们是在什么当中选择。如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会，那该怎么办?而我们又甚至能否发现自己是否做出了正确的选择呢?

Ultimately, the road ahead the road through our lives-is a mixture of choice and chance. And

when we are approaching the end of that road, how will we remember the journey? How will we

look back on our lives? In the poem, the writer doubts his choice, thinking that in the future "ages

and ages hence", he may claim that he took the "less traveled" road. Some of us do take a more

unusual path through life and while it may be a harder one to follow, it can also lead to new

adventures and experiences. Nonetheless, part of the art of decision-making is learning to make the

most of our decisions Instead of looking back with regret, we should be facing our future with

energy and optimism, for the choices are ours, and ours only.

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（2019外研版）高中英语选修四课文及翻译

最后，前方的路，也就是我们的人生之路，其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。当我们快走到尽头时，我们会如何铭记这段旅途?我们会如何回顾自己的一生在这首诗中，作者质疑了自己的选择，在“多年之后”的未来，他可能会承认自

己选择了一条“人迹较少”的路。生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常的道路，虽然路途更加艰难，但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。尽管如此，就做决定的艺术而言，一部分就在于学会充分利用我们的决定。我们应该积极乐观地面对未来，而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们自己。

Unit 2

Understanding ideas

Tuesdays with Morrie

相约星期二

Despite being a sports journalist with a successful career ahead of him, Mitch Albom feels

that there is something missing from his life. This all changes when he is reunited with his favourite

college professor, Morrie Schwartz. On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by severe illness,

Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays. The weekly conversations between Mitch and

Morrie result in series of lessons on the meaning of life and how best to live it.

米奇·阿尔博姆是一位前途光明的体育新闻记者，可他总觉得生活里少了些什么。直到和最喜爱的大学教授莫里·施瓦茨重逢，他的心态才彻底改变。米奇得知莫里得了重病，日渐虚弱，便每周二都去教授家看望他。米奇和莫里每周的谈=话最终成为一堂堂课，探讨人生意义和如何更好地生活。

Arthur K

阿瑟·K

This book is about dying, but it is not pessimistic. Indeed, it was a pleasant surprise to find that

this book is filled with joy and hope. Morrie's bravery towards the end of his life is inspirational and

has made me value my own life more. In fact, far from being book about death,it' s book about

Morrie says, "Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live." As Morrie anticipates his

own death, he observes everything as though through new eyes-the things around him seem more

beautiful than ever before and hold new meanings. From his window, he watches each season

change, knowing it could be his last. This encourages us to appreciate what we have, and to make

the most of each day.

虽然这本书谈论的是死亡，但并不悲观书里洋溢着欢乐和希望，很是让人惊喜。莫里面对死亡所展示出的无畏也给人很大的启发，让我更加珍惜自己的生命。实际上，这根本不是一本关于死亡的书，而是一本关于生活的书。正如莫里所说:“懂得了怎样死亡，也就学会了怎样生活。”到了弥留之际，莫里开始用新的眼光看待周围的一切事物一一切都显得更加美好，也有了新的意义。他在窗边看季节更替，知道这可能是生命最后的时光。这鼓励我们珍视自己所拥有的一切，充分利用每一天。

Amy Wang

埃米·王

I think this book should be on all school reading lists. After finishing it, I feel I have been given

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（2019外研版）高中英语选修四课文及翻译

deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. On the 11th Tuesday,

Morrie explains that ".. the big things-how we think, what we value -those you must choose yourself.

You can't let anyone -or any society-determine those for you" While we are living, we tend to get

distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. I think it's important for

young people to know that making a lot of money won't always make them happy, or that looking

different doesn' make person abnormal! It's up to us to find out what is important in our lives and

establish our own values.

我认为这本书应该列入所有学校阅读书目。读完后，我觉得自己对世界有了更深刻的认识，可以从不同的角度看待事物了。在第11个星期二，莫里说道:…在重要的问题上比如如何思考、我们珍视什么等方面，你须自己做选择。你不能让任何人或社会替你做决定。”在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。我认为对于年轻人来说，重要的是明白赚很多钱并不总能带来快乐，看上去与众不同并不代表不正常。我们应该靠自己

去弄清楚生命中什么才是最重要的，并树立我们自己的价值观。

Morrie says that most people"seem half-asleep", even when they're doing things they think

are important. Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally

opened my eyes to the world!

莫里说即使大多数人在做自认为重要的事情，他们也是“看上去半睡半醒”的。阅读这本书仿佛将我从长觉中唤醒了，让我终于开始睁眼看世界

Marty

马蒂

Despite its widespread recognition, my first impression was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made

up of collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages, many of which are repeated. But

thinking back, it did teach me a lesson or book made me stop and think about how much I

am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and

open communication. Although it isn't my favourite book, I'd still recommend that people read it-

after all, it is something that's a bit different!

尽管《相约星期二》这本书得到了广泛的认可，但是我的第一印象是，它只是传达了过于感性的思想和信息，其中有很多是重复的。不过现在回想起来，这本书确实给了我一两条经验，它能让我停下来思考流行文化对我的影响，以及在爱与开放式沟通的其础上树立自己的价值观有多么重要。虽然这不是我最爱的一本书，但我还是要推荐大家读一读，毕竟它有与众不同的地方!

Vivian

薇薇安

Warning! A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book! Morrie's reflections on love

and friendship made me think about my life and all the good friends that I've lost touch with along

the way. It made me realise just how much I miss them.

注意了!读这本书时，千万要准备一盒纸巾!莫里对于爱和友谊的思考，使我想起了自己的生活，想起一路走来失去联系的那些好友。我才意识到，原来自己如此想念他们。

I guess that's one of the lessons of the book-always keep in touch with the good people you

meet as you go through life. Like Mitch, Morrie makes you aware that you want to die feeling that

you have lived life to the full knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you

could. As Morrie's favourite poet Auden said, "Love each other or perish.

在人生旅途中，要和你遇到的优秀的人时常保持联系，这或许就是此书想传达给我们的一条经验吧。莫里提醒米奇，也提醒了人们:在你将死之时，要感觉你已经活得很充实，要知道

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（2019外研版）高中英语选修四课文及翻译

自己是被爱的，也一直尽力爱着别人。正如莫里最爱的诗人奥登所说的，“不相爱即如死灭”。

Unit 2

Developing ideas

THE BLUE BIRD

青鸟

ACT IV

第四幕

Tyltyl and Mytyl have been searching for the Blue Bird in the Land of Memory, the Palace of

Night and the Forest. Now, they have arrived at the Palace of Happiness.

狄蒂尔和梅蒂尔一直在寻找青鸟，他们一行已经踏过了记忆之土、夜宫和森林，现在抵达了幸福之园。

SCENE II. -The Palace of Happiness.

第二场幸福之园

(A troop of HAPPINESSES rush into the hall, singing, "There they are! They see us!" They dance

merrily around the CHILDREN, then the one who appears to be the chief goes up to TYLTYL with

hand outstretched.)

(一群幸福跑进大厅，唱着:“他们来了!他们看见我们了!”并围着孩子们欢快地跳起舞来。而后，一个头领模样的人走向狄蒂尔，对他伸出了手。)

THE HAPPINESS How do you do, Tyltyl?

幸福:你好，狄蒂尔!

TYLTYL Who are you?

狄蒂尔:你是…?

THE HAPPINESS Don't you recognise me?

幸福:你认不出我了吗?

TYLTYL (a little embarrassed) Why, no... I don't remember seeing any of you.

狄蒂尔:(有点尴尬)哎呀，是认不出…可我不记得见过你们中的任何一位啊。

(All the other HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.)Why, we are the only things you do know! We are

always around you! We eat, drink, wake up, breathe and live with you!

(其他幸福哄然大笑。)哟，我们正是你唯一了解的东西啊!我们一直在你周围!我们同你一起吃喝，一起醒来，一起呼吸，一起生活呢!

TYLTYL Oh... But I should like to know what your

狄蒂尔:噢……不过我想知道你们的名字叫什么…

THE HAPPINESS I am the chief of the Happinesses of your home; and all these are the other

Happinesses that live there.

幸福:我是你家里幸福的领头人;这些是住在你家的其他幸福。

TYLTYL Then there are Happinesses in my home?

狄蒂尔:那么，我家里有很多幸福吗?

(All the HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.)

(所有的幸福都哄然大笑。)

THE HAPPINESS You heard him! Are there Happinesses in his home! Why, it is crammed with

Happinesses! Let me introduce myself first: the Happiness of Being Well. I am not the

prettiest, but I am the most important. This is the Happiness of Pure Air, who is almost

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（2019外研版）高中英语选修四课文及翻译

transparent. Here is the Happiness of Loving One's Parents. Here are the Happiness of the Blue Sky,

who, of course, is dressed in blue, and the Happiness of the Forest: you will see him every time you

go to

幸福:你们听他在说些什么!他家里是不是有很多幸福?!嘿，幸福多得都要挤不下了!先介绍一下我自己:我是健康幸福，虽不是最漂亮的，但却是最重要的。这个是纯净空气幸福，他几乎是透明的。这个是敬爱父母幸福。这个是蓝天幸福，他自然是身穿蓝衣。这个是森林幸福，你每次走到窗前都能看见他…

TTWTL Excuse me, but do you know where the Blue Bird is?

狄蒂尔:不好意思，请问你知道青鸟在哪儿吗?

THE HAPPINESS He doesn't know where the Blue Bird is! (All the HAPPINESSES OF THE HOME

burst out laughing.)

幸福:他不知道青鸟在哪儿!(家里所有的幸福哄然大笑。)

TTLITL (vexed) No, I do not know. There's nothing to laugh at.(Fresh bursts of laughter)

狄蒂尔:(恼火了)是，我就是不知道。有什么好笑的!(又爆出一阵笑声。)

THE HAPPNESS He doesn't know: well what do you expect? He is no more absurd than the

majority

幸福:他不知道，好吧，还能怎么样呢?他和大多数人一样都不可笑…

ACT VI

第六幕

Unable to find the Blue Bird anywhere the children say goodbye to their magical friends and

return home. While they are trying to tell their parents about their adventures, their neighbour

comes in. Her sick daughter has wanted Tyltyl's pet bird for a long time, but until now he has been

reluctant to give it to her.

狄蒂尔和梅蒂尔没能找到青鸟，只得同这些神奇的朋友们告别，返回家中。到家后，他们正要和父母讲述自己的奇遇，邻居进来了。邻居生病的女儿想要狄蒂尔的宠物鸟好久了，但直到现在他也不愿意把鸟送人。

SCENE II. The Awakening.

第二场醒来

(Enter NEIGHBOUR BERLINGOT, a little old woman leaning on a stick.)

(邻居贝兰戈上场，是一位拄着一根拐杖的矮小的老妇人。)

MUMMYTYL How is your little girl?

狄蒂尔妈妈:你家小姑娘身体怎么样了?

THENEIGHBOUR Only so-so. She can't get up. But I know what would cure her.

邻居:马马虎虎，还起不了床。可我知道什么能治好她。

MUMMYTYL Yes, I know; it's Tyltyl's bird. Well, Tyltyl, aren't you going to give it at last to that

poor little thing?

狄蒂尔妈妈:对，我也知道，得用狄蒂尔的鸟。喂，狄蒂尔，这下你总该把鸟送给那可怜的小姑娘了吧?

TYLTYL My bird! Why, he's blue! But it's my turtle-dove! But he's much bluer than when I went

away! Why, that's the Blue Bird we were looking for! We went so far and he was here all the time!

There, Madame Berlingot, take him to your little girl.

狄蒂尔:我的鸟!呀，它变成了青色!可它是我的小斑鸠啊!颜色怎么比我离开的时候变得更深了!天啊，它肯定是我们一直在找的青鸟!我们走了那么远，没想到它就在这里!给，贝兰戈太太，快把它带给你的小姑娘吧。

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THE NEIGHBOUR Really? Straight away and for nothing? How happy she will be! (Kissing

TYLTYL.)

邻居:真的?就这样白送给我了?她该多开心啊!(亲吻狄蒂）

(Later, the NEIGHBOUR enters with a little girl who carries TYLTYL'S' dove in her arms.)

(后来，邻居牵着一个小姑娘上场。小姑娘怀抱着狄蒂尔的斑鸠。)

THE NEIGHBOUR Do you see the miracle? She can run, she can dance, she can fly! (Pushing the

LITTLE GIRL into TYITYL'S arms. Come along and thank Tyltyl.）

邻居:你们看到这个奇迹了吗?她现在能跑能跳，甚至能飞奔呢!(把小姑娘推到狄蒂尔怀里。)快去谢谢狄蒂尔。

(After TYITYL kisses the LITTLE GIRL rather awkwardly, the two children look at each other without

speaking; then TYLTYL strokes the dove's head.）

(狄蒂尔笨拙地亲吻了小姑娘以后，两人对视，什么也没说随后，狄蒂尔轻抚着斑鸠的头。)

TYLTYL Is he blue enough？

狄蒂尔:它的青色够深吗?

THE LITTLL GIRL Yes, I am so pleased with him.

小姑娘:是的，我很喜欢它。

TYLTYLL I have seen bluer ones. But those which are quite blue, you know, do what you

will, you can't catch them.狄蒂尔:我还见过更青的鸟，但是你知道的，那些纯青的鸟，

真是怎么捉也捉不住。

THE LITTLL GIRL That doesn't matter; he's lovely.

小姑娘:没关系的，这只就很美了。

TYLTYL Has he had anything to eat? I will

狄蒂尔:它吃过东西了吗?我给你看看它是怎么吃东西的

(He moves to take the bird from the LITTLE GIRL'S hands. She resists instinctively; and, in their

hesitation, the DOVE escapes and flies away.)

(他想从小姑娘手里接过青鸟，小姑娘本能地拒绝;在争抢的过程中，斑鸠逃掉并飞走了。)

THE LITTLL GIRL (with a cry of despair) He is gone!

小姑娘:(绝望地大喊)它飞走了!

TYLTYL Never mind. Don't cry. I will catch him again. (Stepping to the front of the stage and

addressing the audience.) If any of you should find him, would you be so very kind as to give him

back to us? We need him for our happiness, later on.

狄蒂尔:没关系的，不要哭。我会把它抓回来的。(走到舞台前，面向观众致辞。)你们若是有谁找到了它，能请你们把它归还给我们吗?为了以后的幸福，我们需要它。

CURTAIN

落幕

(Adaptation from The Blue Bird by Maurice Maeterlinck)

(改编自莫里斯·梅特林克的《青鸟》)

Unit 3

Understanding ideas

WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!

欢迎来到敦煌!

Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient

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China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only

imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.

欢迎来到敦煌!这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受

将会是怎样的。

Dunhuang's long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and

commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with

UNESCO-protected heritage status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves, of

which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes these ancient caves were carved out

of the rock over a period of 1,000 years. If you look up, you can see the paintings and other

artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these

statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of

the cave. Come little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals cover an

astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.

敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像!你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画!它们的面积有45，000平方米，非常惊人。

The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one

type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or "Flying Immortals".

Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves.

Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves

flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where

you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing

and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these

images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.

敦煌壁画的主题多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰;这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。

Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the

most important finds of the 20th century. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave,

were hidden thousands of manuscripts paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries We'll have

a chance to see some of them shortly the Library Cave is only a stone's throw from here. Dating

from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the

very centre of the Silk Road trade. Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in

Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from

Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of

goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and

fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side

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within this great city. However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago

remains a mystery.

1900年发生了件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸

刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解当时的情况:货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲各地。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来?这至今仍是个谜。

In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to

be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.

明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。

This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative.

Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives

from over 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme

of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the

countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.

21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。

Now let's move on to the

现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟…

Unit 3

Developing ideas

READING CHINA

解读中国

The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us have you ever stopped to

wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received? Today,four Sinologists

and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us. They are:

我们都对中国文学再熟悉不过了。可你有没有想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过哪些中国文学作品?对这些作品评价如何？今天，四位汉学家、译者将给我们分享他们有关中国文学的经历，他们是:

Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria

佩特科，43岁，来自保加利亚

Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands

安妮鲁斯，34岁，来自荷兰

Joachim, aged 25 from France

若阿基姆，25岁，来自法国

Mai, aged 28 from Egypt

马伊，28岁，来自埃及

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Q1: How did you get interested in Chinese literature?

问题1:你是怎么对中国文学产生兴趣的?

Petko: It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy The Shaolin Temple. That movie gave

me so many reasons to fall in love with China. I was amazed by Chinese kung fu, of course -everyone

loves kung fu, don't they? I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and found that

I liked Chinese music, too-I just loved the movie's theme tune, Song of the Shepherd.

佩特科:一切都要从我小时候看的一部叫《少林寺》的电影说起。那部电影给了我很多让我爱上中国的理由。我当然为中国功夫所叹服——人人都喜欢功夫，不是吗?我还觉得中文听起来那么美，我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐一一我特别喜欢电影的主题曲《牧羊曲》

Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young I started high school, I began

reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as

my academic major at university.

安妮鲁斯:我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候，我开始读中国历史和文化方面的书，这启发我在大学选择了汉学专业。

Joachim: When was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of

the Grand Historian. Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were

Homer's epic poems. Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical

reading it, realised the true genius of China's "Grand Historian", Sima Qian. His

writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.

若阿基姆:我15岁的时候，妈妈给我买了一本经典名著《史记》。在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》《史记》是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读《史记》，我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的才华。他的文章对我影响很大，激发了我对中国文学的热情。

Mai: I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. Most of

the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so reading Chinese

literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience.

马伊:我开始从事翻译工作后，渐渐对中国文学产生了兴趣。埃及大多数文学译作来自英语国家，所以读中国文学作品使人兴奋，也鼓舞人心。

Q2: How do you select works to translate?

问题2:你是如何选择作品来翻译的?

Petko: I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing

dynasties I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to

translate it into Bulgarian Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The

Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

佩特科:我特别喜欢中国古典文学，尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。现在这个梦想已经实现了，我的下一个目标就是翻译《三国演义》

Annelous: In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is

largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists. In addition publishing houses tend to

look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there, I've so far translated the

writings of Han Han, and I am now working on those of Xu Zechen.

安妮鲁斯:在荷兰，声望高的汉学家很大程度上影响翻译作品的选择。此外，出版社往往会参考其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止，我已经翻译了韩寒的作品，现在正在翻译徐则臣的作品。

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Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in. I've translated several short stories by

Mo Yan. Right now, I'm doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th

century.

若阿基姆:我只是随着喜好和兴趣走。我翻译了莫言的几篇短篇小说。现在，我正在研究20世纪初上海的流行文学。

Mai: I don't care if writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself. I've translated

some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on what's being

self-published online by new, young authors-they have some good ideas.

马伊:我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。我最感兴趣的是作品本身。我翻译过席慕蓉和毕淑敏等作家的作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品一一他们有一些不错的想法。

Q3: Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country?

问题3:中国哪些作家的作品在贵国较受欢迎?

Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1,000 copies in Bulgaria. When you consider that

here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six

Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!

佩特科:《兰十六计》在保加利亚卖出了一千多本。在保加利亚，作者通常最期待的是自己的作品卖几百本，《三十六计》在保加利亚是畅销书!

Annelous: Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are

well-received. The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more

about Chinese culture and everyday life in China. On the whole, I do have to admit that here,

people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.

安妮鲁斯:每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。购买和阅读这些书籍的人想要更多地了解中国文化和日常生活。总的来说，我不得不承认，在荷兰，人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。

Joachim: The novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well in France. Mo Yan was already hugely

popular, but became even more so after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature has a lot

of significance to the French and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of.

若阿基姆:莫言和余华的小说在法国卖得很好。莫言原本已经非常受欢迎，在获得诺贝尔文学奖后更受欢迎了。文学对法国人来说意义重大，中国的文学作品往往获得很高评价。

Mai: Egyptians like literature that reflects human nature and experience. A couple of good

examples of this are "Fond Memories of Autumn"by Shi Tiesheng and "Street Scene"by Zhou

Guoping. I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common. Because of

this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.

马伊:埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中，史铁生的《秋天的怀念》和周国平的《街头即景》就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密，有许多共同之处。正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者的共鸣。

Unit 4

Understanding ideas

Business Blossoms

创业之花

As she spoke, Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. She

couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by

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the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. They

stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue

took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation, "And that is why need your help in

turning my new and exciting business into a successful one."'

发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水。这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。”

Now chairwoman of her own company Zhang Yue is fond of saying, "The early bird catches the

worm."The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio. Moving

carefully through the darkness, she passes row upon row of rose plants. In an hour, these fields will

be full of people, working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise. "It has to be done then," says

Zhang. "These flowers are delicate."

张悦现在是自己公司的总裁，她总喜欢说:“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她创业的地点在一个山谷里，这是一个远离任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。一小时后就会有许多人来到这里，趁着日出前的时间快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候采。”张悦说，“这些花是很娇嫩的。”

Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing. Surrounded by roses as

she was growing up, she paid them little attention. It was only after graduating from university

overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. "Conditions are ideal

here," she says. "This is a place where roses grow wild."

张悦以前从未想过自己会做这一行。她从小到大，到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。“这里的条件非常理想。”

她说，“这里适合玫瑰自然生长。”

Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many

people. "I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss," she said. "But I also wanted to

give something back to my home town. As people say, 'It takes a village to raise a child.'"

因此，张悦决定回到家乡，开始种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验自己当老板的自由。”她说，“同时我也想回报我的家乡。有句话说得好:‘养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。”

She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug. All over the world, an

increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the

growing economy creates more opportunities. Like Zhang, they present their ideas in the hope of

getting investment and advice, and they have the same passion and devotion. The majority meet

with rejection. A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the

all-important input and support from more experienced business people. The road to their success

is however still a long and difficult one, with many challenges along the way.

她并不是唯一一个被创业所吸引的年轻人。在世界各地，经济的不断增长创造了更多的机会，越来越多有事业心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。像张悦一样，他们表达自己的想法，希望以此获得投资和建议。而且，他们也拥有同样的热情和为事业奉献的决心。他们中的大多数会遭到拒绝，但包括张悦在内的少数人会非常幸送地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常关键的投入和支持。不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，路上会遇到许多挑战。

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As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. However,

like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had lot to learn. She has overcome a

number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today. "The biggest challenge at the

initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. Few

in the village believed I could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers," says Zhang. "After I

went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help

with its distribution. It was only then that the locals began to believe me. Now my product is one of

the best in Asia. This year, can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus.

作为一个在农村长大的人，张悦已经比较了解作物种植。不过，跟所有刚起步的企业家一样，她要学的还有很多。为了取得今天的成就，她精心打理生意，克服了许多障碍。“在初始阶段，最大的挑战就是说服人们来为我工作，这完全超出了我的经验范围。村里几乎没人相信我能从花卉生意中赚到几百万元。”张悦说，“我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。直到那时本地人才开始相信我。现在我提供的是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给我的同事们发一笔丰厚的奖金了。”

Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings.

Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek

guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.

看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立，张悦的心情很复杂。尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。

"I love running my own business, but it's not for everyone says Zhang. "To succeed in business,

you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination. What really matters is a sound

business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. Most of all,don' t be

too should know your own limits and those of the people you work with. For young

people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.

“我热爱经营自己的生意，但不是每个人都适合做这个。”张悦说，“要想在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、勤奋和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划，获得资金的渠道，以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。最重要的是，不要野心太大。你得知道自己的极限，还有与你共事的人的极限。对于缺乏生活经验的年轻人来说这可能是个挑战。”

Unit 4

Developing ideas

What's mine is yours.

我的就是你的。

We've been told since we were toddlers that"It's good to share" Parents and teachers keep

reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even sorrows with

others. When we grow up, we share photos, life stories and opinions with people around us and

with those we don't know via social media. Taking it as an object of study, psychologists have

published various papers stating that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to setting up positive

emotional bonding.

我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带。

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Today, the action of sharing takes on extra meaning. It's not just about sharing sweets or

frustration; it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives -the whole world seems to be into

sharing. We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services, or to

make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time. These vary from car shares to

home shares, and even to pet shares. The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas. It is

creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.

如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱:从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域红火起来，它创造着新的思维方式，随时随地为有需求的人们提供服务。

This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and

services at competitive prices, all delivered at the click of a button. Whether it's an online shop

where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out

our flats for a couple of days, it's out there. Whether we're a lender or borrower, it's a win-win

situation; everyone makes or saves money. We also make connections and sometimes even make

new friends. What's more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby cutting down on waste.

And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the

number of polluting vehicles on the road.

我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。这对于出租者和租用者来说都是一个双赢的局面;人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。

But the sharing economy is not without its problems. As is often the case all over the world

with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing

regulations or ongoing supervision. Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to

expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established

companies. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. Some people have

experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes and others have found

themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides. Finally, personal data, the heart of the

sharing economy, is not yet secure. Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost

every part of our lives, including our names, locations, bank information, and individual preferences

for goods and services. Yet, the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen

still needs improvement and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers

and users.

但共享经济并非没有问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，以扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息、对商和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。

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Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our

daily lives as well as to the global economy. It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine

what it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next? Who will be sharing and how?

And the most interesting question of all-what type of society will all this sharing take us to?

尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它飞速扩张，我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。我们下一个共享的对象是什么?将由谁来共享以及如何共享?最有趣的问题是—这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会?

Unit 5

Understanding ideas

The Mysteries of THE MAYA

玛雅之谜

Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury

thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through

comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions

of the stars. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the

jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of

Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.

十五岁的加拿大少年威廉·加杜里自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。

It isn't difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into

Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th

century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step

pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built

without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya's understanding of

mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya

calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement

unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters

with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a

writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.

这背后的原因不难发现。玛雅文明的范围从现今墨西哥的部分区域向南延伸至中美洲。自从19世纪玛雅文明再现，层层迷雾便一直围绕着它。玛雅人建造了恢宏的宫殿和庙宇，其中包括代表性建筑阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的认识也十分令人惊叹。他们将这一认识应用到了玛雅历中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就:一个真正的文字系统。这种文字系统中包含800多个字符，有些符号代表动物、人和物，其他代表音节。这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人

可以将其完全解读。

The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more

incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most

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of their great cities. By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of

generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.

When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the

remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.

玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。到公元700年时，玛雅文明如日中天。然而，仅仅在几代之内，玛雅文明开始神秘地衰落。城市荒废，任凭丛林蚕食取代。16世纪早期，欧洲人来到中美洲攫取财富时，只剩下一些玛雅人居住在小型聚居区里。

Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster? A deadly disease?

Conflicts between cities? Or was it a combination of several different factors? Some research seems

to indicate that Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. They had turned

wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population

expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing

the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to

deal with natural disasters.

玛雅文明倾颓的原因一直是一个谜团。究竟是因为自然灾害、致死疾病、城市间的冲突，抑或是几个不同因素叠加所致?某些研究似乎暗示，玛雅人自己也许就是导致衰落的掘墓人。他们将湿地变成了种植庄稼的田地，还开凿了巨大的运河系统。随着人口增长，人们需要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。

Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.

Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700

AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years,

including a "megadrought" around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the

main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. These

droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities.

研究也表明，那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。最近一些研究发现，公元700年到公元100年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少于往常。这可能导致了一系列旱灾，每一次旱灾都持续若干年，其中就包括公元900年的一场“百年不遇的旱灾”。许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。这些旱灾会导致食物短缺、冲突发生，最后导致城市的衰败。

Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its

once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. Meanwhile. the

rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.

无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。

Unit 5

Developing ideas

DIVING DEEP

潜入深海

Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks. All of them

represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earth's furthest corners. Among these is the

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Esmeralda, the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia. Today, some 500

years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little -if any -land on our planet left unexplored. We have

more detailed maps of the Moon, and even of Venus and Mars, than we do of Earth's own sea bed.

全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸，每艘都代表了若干世纪以来探索地球最远端的努力尝试。其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早残骸。如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有500多年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地已经少之又少了。然而，我们手中关于地球自身海底的地图，甚至比不上关于月球乃至金星、火星的天体图详尽。

Given our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues

to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields. As with the discovery of the Esmeralda, many

archaeological finds are made in shallow waters near the coast. These may sometimes include

whole cities buried beneath the waves. One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neapolis,

discovered off the coast of Tunisia. Believed to have been buried underwater by tsunami in the

fourth century AD, the ruins of Neapolis are almost 2,000 years old. The remaining streets and

buildings offer a window into a fascinating period in our history. However, we are only beginning to

overcome the challenges of pressure, darkness and extreme cold at vast depths. Fragments of the

past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.

基于我们有限的认知，探索海洋可以带来许多科学领域的新发现，这也许就显得不足为奇了。就像发现“埃斯梅拉达”号的残骸一样，很多考古学发现都发生在近海岸的浅水水域。这些发现有时会包括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯近海发现的古罗马城市奈阿波利斯。据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹没，其废墟至今已有近2，000年的历史。存留下来的街道、建筑为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们得以窥见那段精彩的历史然而，我们才刚刚开始克服广袤的海洋深处的压强、黑暗和极寒所带来的挑战。过去的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被发现。

Amazing biological discoveries are also being made. The dark zones of the oceans may contain

up to 90 per cent of the planet's fish. In these waters, more than 200 metres deep, where light

cannot reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.

Imagine bone-white- coral 6,000 metres below the ocean's surface growing at the rate of only one

or two millimetres per year Some of these could be 4,000 years old. Swimming through these black

depths is the barreleye, a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent

forehead. In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8,000 metres below the surface,

the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another. Yet there is still life to be

found, even around the deep-sea volcanic openings. These discoveries all help us understand the

capacity for life on our planet, even in the most extreme circumstances.

生物学领域也有惊人的发现。海洋的黑暗区域里或许生存着多达地球上90％的鱼类。在200多米以下、阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着一些看起来就像是刚从科幻小说中走出来的

奇异的生物。想象一下，在海平面下6000米深处，骨白色的珊瑚以每年仅一到两毫米的速度缓慢生长着，它们中有些已经存活了4，000年。漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，其眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。在海平面以下8，000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起，然而这里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周围也有生命。这些深海发现帮助我们理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至是在最极端的环境下的承受力。

Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, some of which are

completely new to us. Most notable of these is China's discovery of an ice-like substance, known as

"fire ice", under the South China Sea. In addition, China's underwater vessels, such as the Jiaolong

and Shenhai Yongshi, have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres. The Jiaolong

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even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7,062 metres, giving China its

place alongside the world's top ocean explorers The research conducted by these vessels is giving

scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed, as well as helping identify areas

for deep-sea drilling, taking deep-sea exploration into a whole new era.

此外，海洋还包含着珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。最值得一提的便是中国在南海发现的冰状物质一—可燃冰。此外，中国的水下舰艇如“蛟龙”号和“深海勇士”号，一直在数千米深的水域探索。“蛟龙”号甚至创造了载人潜舰的最深下潜纪录7，06米，使中国跻身于世界顶级海洋探索国之列。借助这些潜水器所完成的研究有利于科学家进一步了解海床的形成过程，帮助确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个崭新的时代。

Being a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold, the

ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration. However, through closer

international scientific economic and cultural cooperation, we are all becoming part of a global

mission to open up our planet's final frontier. Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery,

and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon

today.

深海区域环境恶劣，完全黑暗、压强极大、极度寒冷，长期以来都是人类探索无法企及的区域。然而，通过更紧密的国际科学、经济以及文化合作，我们都在成为开拓地球最后疆域这一全球使命的参与者。人类正走向海洋发现的新时代，或许有朝一日，我们会像熟悉脚下的土地一样熟悉那海浪下的世界。

Unit 6

Understanding ideas

The Call of the challenger

“挑战者”的呼唤

Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have

become accustomed to the notion of space travel. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black

and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an

undertakin it was, and of the many things that could go wrong. With Armstrong's now famous

words "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind", what had once been considered

impossible had now been achieved. Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the

ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it

safely back to Earth.

自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句名言“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今

普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。

Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as

innovations succeeded each other. By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the

American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle. When the Challenger space

shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing

achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and

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millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe

aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space. She

planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the

spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the

challenger programme. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest

in the space programme. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have

inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.

登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。20世纪80年代早期，美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人打开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的;第二节课要讲述“挑战者号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。

Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after

taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. The world went into shock, most

people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an

aeroplane. How wrong they had been! Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror

and failure. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.

令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世界都震惊了!大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险，但是所有人都大错特错了!激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败，这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。

"I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school, said one student.

"There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have

much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to

the world as they stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after take-off, we saw a

strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke. The Challenger had

exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming.

一个学生回忆道:“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。有位普通教师在挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就着到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。”

Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly

three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components

were redesigned. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29

September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.

“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。

It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew

were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such

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as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei. The memory of those seven will live forever,

written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and

discovery. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach

for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.

“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共向致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。

Unit 6

Developing ideas

EYES UPON THE NIGHT

眺望夜空的眼睛

The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For

example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the

Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great

distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.

And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. Not knowing what

the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.

从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭

肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。

Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first

telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling

us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were

seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, it was

understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way. Some

300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others,

spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic

ocean.

当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇亩要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。

Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space

Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers-indeed all of us-the first breathtakingly

beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see

so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to

huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that-it has

also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that

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the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.

第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观一一从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。

To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more

advanced telescopes. Currently, China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio

telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. The 500-metre dish of the "Eye of Heaven" as it is

known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles

invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions

of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.

为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。

The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and

further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past

that was billions of years ago. Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able

to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human

quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. So much of the universe remains unexplored that

we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.

哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。

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