英国教育名词解释

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2024年2月16日发(作者：)

英国教育名词解释

1.

Public schools: In the private sector there are independent schools

which are commonly, but confusingly, called public school. They are

called this way because they were originally seen as “public” alternatives

to having private tutors in aristocratic households. Such schools receive

their funding through the private sector and through tuition rates, with

some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of the

national education system, but the quality of instruction and standards are

maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools (皇家督学). Parents choose to send their children to public schools because

their children there have a better chance of getting into good universities

and/or getting better jobs when they leave school.

2. Grammar Schools: It is a type of secondary schools in Britain.

Grammar Schools select children at the age 11, through an examination

called “the 11-plus”. Those children with the highest marks go to

grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic

subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive

schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.

3. Comprehensive schools in Britain: Comprehensive schools are

the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit

students without reference to their academic abilities and provide a

general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects to

more general subjects like cooking.

4. The Open University: The Open University was founded in the

1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education

for economic and social reasons. It is open to everybody and does not

demand the same formal educational qualifications to normal universities.

University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence,

videos and a network of study centers. At the end of their studies at the

Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.

5. The Education Act: After WWII, a new educational system

emphasizing equality was constructed with the assistance of church and

newly powerful trade unions. The result was the 1944 the Education Act

which made entry to secondary schools and universities meritocratic (精英贤能). Children could be admitted to schools not because of their

social class or their parents’ possession, but for the abilities they display.

All children were given the right to a free secondary education and the

main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good

education. But this first attempt to try to create a less elitist school system

failed.

6. GCEA exam: GCE refers to the General Certificate of Education

in Britain, which is classified as O-level (Ordinary level) and A-level

(Advanced level). An A-level is an Advanced Level GCE qualification

used internationally as pre-university requirement. This exam is normally

taken after two years of A-level study and is available in a broad range of

subjects covering the whole curriculum. Most pupils try to achieve 3 or 4

A-levels in the subjects they are most proficient at in order to be admitted

to university.

7. GNVQ exam: The pupils who decide not to who decide not to

university may choose to take vocational training. The vocational

equivalent of A-levels are GNVQs (General National Vocational

Qualifications)（国家专业资格证书）which provide a broadly based

preparation for work or for taking further vocational.

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