GMAT(VERBAL)逻辑推理模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

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2024年3月16日发(作者：)

GMAT（VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷2

(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.74 miles. The scientists’ argument depends on which of the following

assumptions?

A．The microorganisms brought up were of a species that is related to those

previously known to science.

B．No holes have been drilled into the Earth’ s surface to a distance deeper than 1.

74 miles.

C．The microorganisms did not come from surface soil that came into contact

with the drilling equipment.

D．The stratum from which the samples came has been below the surface of the

Earth ever since the Earth came into existence.E．The temperature at the bottom of the

holes drilled was not significantly hotter than that of the hottest spots on the Earth’s

surface.

正确答案：C

解析：本题根据从地表以下1．74英里深的地方取得的样品中存在活着的微

生物，得出了在地层深处存在活着的微生物的结论，属于典型的“B，A”模式。

要想使本题的结论成立，就必须寻找一个原因来解释或加强样品确实取自地层深

处，即排除他因。由此分析可知(C)为正确答案；(E)是较易误选的选项，从表面

上看它似乎能对普遍的猜想构成反对，从而对本题的结论构成支持。但是要知道，

地表以下温度太高是一个既定的事实，那些科学家的实验只是为了证实地层深处

存在微生物的可能性，而不是要证实微生物一定要在和地面表层温度相一致的温

度区间内才能存活，因此(E)为错误选项。 知识模块：逻辑推理

16． Automobile exhaust is a serious pollution problem in Riverside, and

instituting tolls at Riverside’s bridges would reduce the total number of miles traveled

by automobiles. Nevertheless, overall pollution levels would not decrease because

there would be long lines at the toll booths, and automobiles expel more exhaust per

minute while idling than in any other driving situation. The argument above depends

on which of the following assumptions?

A．Any reduction in automobile exhaust resulting from a reduction in the miles

traveled by cars would be matched or surpassed by the additional exhaust resulting

from toll lines.

B．Cars in Riverside spend more time, on average, idling than they do in other

driving situations.

C．Increasing automobile exhaust at the bridges will not significantly affect air

pollution because few drivers use the bridges in Riverside frequently.

D．Reducing automobile exhaust is not the most effective way of reducing air

pollution.E．The inconvenience of idling in the long toll lines at Riverside’ s bridges

will cause most drivers to change their driving routes, not the amount of driving that

they do.

正确答案：A 涉及知识点：逻辑推理

17． One state adds a 7 percent sales tax to the price of most products purchased

within its jurisdiction. This tax, therefore, if viewed as tax on income, has the reverse

effect of the federal income tax: the lower the income, the higher the annual

percentage rate at which the income is taxed. The conclusion above would be properly

drawn if which of the following were assumed as a premise?

A．The amount of money citizens spend on products subject to the state tax tends

to be equal across income levels.

B．The federal income tax favors citizens with high incomes, whereas the state

sales tax favors citizens with low incomes.

C．Citizens with low annual incomes can afford to pay a relatively higher

percentage of their incomes in state sales tax, since their federal income tax is

relatively low.

D．The lower a state’s sales tax, the more it will tend to redistribute income from

the more affluent citizens to the rest of society.E．Citizens who fail to earn federally

taxable income are also exempt from the state sales tax.

正确答案：A

解析：转化为数学去思维可很容易得出(A)为答案，并可对(A)进行取非验证。

知识模块：逻辑推理

18． The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because,

with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of

the job will be eliminated from argument above logically depends

on which of the following assumptions?

A．A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.

B．The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is

the development of a job description.

C．Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are

unsuited to the requirements of the job.

D．The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants’

personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.E．The fit of job applicants’

personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in

making hiring decisions.

正确答案：C

解析：典型的“A可行或A有意义”思路。 知识模块：逻辑推理

19． A recent report determined that although only three percent of drivers on

Maryland highways equipped their vehicles with radar detectors, thirty-three percent

of all vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were equipped with them.

Clearly, drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to

exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who do conclusion drawn

above depends on which of the following assumptions?

A．Drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are less likely to be

ticketed for exceeding the speed limit than are drivers who do not.

B．Drivers who are ticketed for exceeding the speed limit are more likely to

exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed.

C．The number of vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit was

greater than the number of vehicles that were equipped with radar detectors.

D．Many of the vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were

ticketed more than once in the time period covered by the report.E．Drivers on

Maryland highways exceeded the speed limit more often than did drivers on other

state highways not covered in the report.

正确答案：B

解析：本题段落前半部分可以提炼为“有雷达探测器的司机比没有雷达探测

器的司机更易得罚单”，后半部分可提炼为“有雷达探测器的司机比没有雷达探

测器的司机更经常超速”。(B)把这两部分的跳跃“更易得罚单”与“更经常超速”

连了起来，因此可以作为一个假设；(A)正好与段落信息相违背。 知识模块：逻

辑推理

20． Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to

have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their

metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer

calories at the new weight then do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such

newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again

matches their metabolic rate. The conclusion of the argument above depends on which

of the following assumptions?

A．Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new

weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose

normal weight is at that level.

B．The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more

able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.

C．The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined

more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the

individual.

D．Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly

very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical

agents.E．Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their

usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.

正确答案：A

解析：burn v.消耗 consume v．吃进 知识模块：逻辑推理

21． Previous studies have indicated that eating chocolate increases the

likelihood of getting heart disease. However, a new, more reliable study has indicated

that eating chocolate does not increase the likelihood of getting heart disease. When

the results of the new study become known, consumption of chocolate will

undoubtedly increase. Which of the following is an assumption on which the

conclusion above is based?

A．Most people who eat a great deal of chocolate will not get heart disease.

B．Although they believe that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting

heart disease, some people still eat as much chocolate as they want.

C．People who have heard that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of

getting heart disease do not believe it.

D．There are people who currently eat as much chocolate as they want because

they have not heard that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart

disease.E．There are people who currently limit their consumption of chocolate only

because they believe that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart

disease.

正确答案：E 涉及知识点：逻辑推理

22． Exports of United States wood pulp will rise considerably during this year.

The reason for the rise is that the falling value of the dollar will make it cheaper for

paper manufacturers in Japan and Western Europe to buy American wood pulp than to

get it from any other source. Which of the following is an assumption made in

drawing the conclusion above?

A．Factory output of paper products in Japan and Western Europe will increase

sharply during this year.

B．The quality of the wood pulp produced in the United States would be

adequate for the purposes of Japanese and Western European paper manufacturers.

C．Paper manufacturers in Japan and Western Europe would prefer to use wood

pulp produced in the United States if cost were not a factor.

D．Demand for paper products made in Japan and Western Europe will not

increase sharply during this year.E．Production of wood pulp by United States

companies will not increase sharply during this year.

正确答案：B

解析：本题为重点题目，属于典型的“B，A”型的假设，答案思路应为“除

了A以外没有别的原因可以影响B”，因此应用否定概念去定位选项。(B)说明没

有质量不合乎目的的情况，可以作为一个很好的假设，属于没有否定词的否定答

案，可以对(B)取非验证。 知识模块：逻辑推理

23． A company’s personnel director surveyed employees about their satisfaction

with the company’s system for awarding employee performance ratings. The survey

data indicated that employees who received high ratings were every satisfied with the

system. The personnel director concluded from these data that the company’s

best-performing employees liked the system. The personnel director’s conclusion

assumes which of the following?

A．No other performance rating system is as good as the current system.

B．The company’s best-performing employees received high ratings.

C．Employees who received low ratings were dissatisfied with the system.

D．Employees who receive high ratings from a performance-rating system will

like that system.E．The company’s best-performing employees were motivated to

perform well by the knowledge that they would receive performance ratings.

正确答案：B 涉及知识点：逻辑推理

24． The wild mouflon sheep of the island of Corsica are direct descendants of

sheep that escaped from domestication on the island 8,000 years ago. They therefore

provide archaeologists with a picture of what some early domesticated sheep looked

like, before the deliberate selective breeding that produced modern domesticated

sheep began. The argument above makes which of the following assumptions?

A．The domesticated sheep of 8,000 years ago were quite dissimilar from the

wild sheep of the time.

B．There are no other existing breeds of sheep that escaped from domestication at

about the same time as the forebears of the mouflon.

C．Modern domesticated sheep are direct descendants of sheep that were wild

8,000 years ago.

D．Mouflon sheep are more similar to their forebears of 8,000 years ago than

modern domesticated sheep are to theirs.E．The climate of Corsica has not changed at

all in the last 8,000 years.

正确答案：D

解析：本题要关注三个关键词：“the wild mouflon sheep”、“early domesticated

sheep”与“modern domes—ticated sheep”。(D)涉及这三个关键词，指出“mouflon

sheep”相比较于“modern domesticated sheep”而言，与早期驯养的绵羊更相似，

从而做了一个很好的假设，如果“mouflon sheep”还没有“modern domesticated

sheep”提供的信息多，那么考古学家完全可以通过家庭驯养羊去研究早期驯羊

的模样，则上面结论不成立。所以(D)正确；(C)易误选，但(C)只涉及关键词

“modern domesticated sheep”，而没有说明“mouflon sheep”怎么样，所以必然

不对。 知识模块：逻辑推理

25． Within 20 years it will probably be possible to identify the genetic

susceptibility an individual may have toward any particular disease. Eventually,

effective strategies will be discovered to counteract each such susceptibility. Once

these effective strategies are found, therefore, the people who follow them will never

get sick. The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?

A．For every disease there is only one strategy that can prevent its occurrence.

B．In the future, genetics will be the only medical specialty of any importance.

C．All human sicknesses are in part the result of individuals’ genetic

susceptibilities.

D．All humans are genetically susceptible to some diseases.E．People will follow

medical advice when they are convinced that it is effective.

正确答案：C

解析：(C)中的“all human sickness”与段落中的“any particular disease”相

对应，并把段落中的A与B连了起来，因此(C)实现了问题目的；(D)易误选，

但(D)中的“all human”与段落里的“the people whofollow them”不对应，且为

绝对化概念，必错。注意：一般在假设选项中出现only，solely，in part，partly

可以忽略，在取非判定时尤其如此，但在段落中出现这四个词要格外关注。 知

识模块：逻辑推理

26． Although computers can enhance people’s ability to communicate,

computer games are a cause of underdeveloped communication skills in children.

After-school hours spent playing computer games are hours not spent talking with

people. Therefore, children who spend all their spare time playing these games have

less experience in interpersonal communication than other children have. The

argument depends on which of the following assumptions?

A．Passive activities such as watching television and listening to music do not

hinder the development of communication skills in children.

B．Most children have other opportunities, in addition to after-school hours, in

which they can choose whether to play computer games or to interact with other

people.

C．Children who do not spend all of their after-school hours playing computer

games spend at least some of that time talking with other people.

D．Formal instruction contributes little or nothing to children’s acquisition of

communication skills.E．The mental skills developed through playing computer

games do not contribute significantly to children’s intellectual development.

正确答案：C

解析：本题推理为对比推理。因为计算机游戏导致儿童交流技巧发展水平低，

所以把所有闲暇都用来玩游戏的孩子比其他儿童有更少的人际交流经验。论据当

中并未涉及其他儿童，而论点中涉及儿童时，一定要对论据中未涉及的对象做一

个假设。(C)指出其他儿童至少花费了一部分时间交流，且(C)中的“spend at least

some of…”与段落中的all相对应，所以做了一个很好的假设，因此(C)正确；(A)

易误选，但(A)要想成为一个假设，结论(论点)必须变为“玩游戏阻碍人际交流的

发展”，所以(A)为无关选项。 知识模块：逻辑推理

27． How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies

have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address

this problem, the airlines have upgraded their training programs by increasing the

hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit.

But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual

flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing

commercial crashes. Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the

argument depends?

A．Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.

B．Commercial pilots routinely undergo additional training throughout their

careers.

C．The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on

increasing actual flying time.

D．Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in

commercial plane crashes.E．Communication skills are not important to pilot training

programs.

正确答案：D

解析：航空公司通过采用增加课堂教育时间和强调飞行员通讯技巧的训练方

案来防止商业飞机的坠毁。本题的结论为这些措施不能补偿飞行员实际飞行时间

的缺乏，也就是说实际飞行时间的缺乏是飞行员在商业飞机坠毁事故中失误的最

主要的原因。所以(D)为正确选项；(A)是不对的，因为训练计划只能减少飞行员

的失误，并不能消除飞行员的失误；(B)与本题的结论无太大的关系；(C)是本题

的迷惑选项，它虽然在某种程度上也具正确性，但是它没有指明是缺乏实际飞行

时间还是缺乏课堂教育及通讯技巧是造成飞机坠毁的主要原因，因此从(C)得不

出本题的结论；(E)本身就具有逻辑错误，对飞行员训练计划不主要的东西不一

定就不重要，很难想象没有通讯技巧的飞行员能安全地驾驶一架飞机。 知识模

块：逻辑推理

28． Current legislation that requires designated sections for smokers and

nonsmokers on the premises of privately owned businesses is an intrusion into the

private sector that cannot be justified. The fact that studies indicate that nonsmokers

might be harmed by inhaling the smoke from others’ cigarettes is not the main issue.

Rather, the main issue concerns the government’s violation of the right of private

businesses to determine their own policies and rules. Which one of the following is a

principle that, if accepted, could enable the conclusion to be properly drawn?

A．Government intrusion into the policies and rules of private businesses is

justified only when individuals might be harmed.

B．The right of individuals to breathe safe air supersedes the right of businesses

to be free from government intrusion.

C．The right of businesses to self-determination overrides whatever right or duty

the government may have to protect the individual.

D．It is the duty of private businesses to protect employees from harm in the

workplace.E．Where the rights of businesses and the duty of government conflict, the

main issue is finding a successful compromise.

正确答案：C

解析：本题的逻辑关系比较简单，由题中的论述可知，政府侵犯私营企业决

定它们自己的政策和法规的权利的问题要比抽烟者可能会因吸收其他抽烟者的

烟味而受害的问题更严重，由此可推知企业的独自裁决权高于政府必须保护个人

的一切权利和义务是本题的结论成立的前提条件。所以(C)是正确答案；(A)和(B)

对本题的结论构成反对；(D)和(E)与本题的结论无关。 知识模块：逻辑推理

29． brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of

a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain

are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such

differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery

provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical

structure of the brain. Which one of the following is an assumption required by the

argument?

A．The brain of a person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of

anyone not suffering from schizophrenia.

B．The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not

the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.

C．The brain of a person with an identical twin is no smaller, on average, than the

brain of a person who is not a twin.

D．When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are

the same size.E．People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from

schizophrenia than those who do not.

正确答案：B

解析：本题的证据是精神分裂患者的大脑中的某些区域比正常人的小，结论

是精神分裂症是由大脑的物质结构受损引起。因此要使证据支持结论，只要说明

精神分裂症患者大脑中的某些区域较小不是由除了精神分裂症以外的其他原因

引起的就可以了。由以上分析可知(B)排除了他因，是本题的辩论所依赖的假设，

为正确答案；(A)认为患精神分裂症者的大脑较小是由精神分裂症引起的，对本

题的结论构成了反对；选项(C)、(D)和(E)既不能作为本题结论成立的前提，也不

能从本题的论述中合理地推出。 知识模块：逻辑推理

30． Fire ants from Brazil now infest the southern United States. Unlike queen

fire ants in Brazil, two queens in the United States share a nest. Ants from these nests

are more aggressive than those from single-queen nests. By destroying virtually all

insects in the nest area, these aggressive ants gain sole access to food sources, and the

ant population skyrockets. Since certain predator insects in Brazil limit the fire-ant

population there, importing such predator insects into the United States would be of

overall benefit to the environment by stopping the increase of the fire-ant population

in the United States. Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument

EXCEPT:

A．The imported insects would not prove more damaging to the environment in

the United States than are the fire ants themselves.

B．The predator insects from Brazil could survive in the ecological environment

found in the United States.

C．The especially aggressive fire ants from the two-queen nests would not be

able to destroy the Brazilian predator insects.

D．The predator insects would stop the increase of the ant population before the

ants spread to states that are farther north.E．The rate of increase of the fire-ant

population would not exceed the rate at which the predator insects could kill the ants.

正确答案：D

解析：本题不好直接找答案，因此最好用排除法。由本题的论述可以推知要

想使从巴西引进的昆虫能对美国南部地区的环境有益，首先得保证这种昆虫在该

地区能够存活，其次是这种昆虫给这个地区的环境带来的益处要大于害处；要想

使这种昆虫抑制住火蚁数量的增加，首先就要求是这种昆虫吃掉了火蚁，而不是

火蚁吃掉了这种昆虫，其次要求这种昆虫杀死火蚁的比率要超过火蚁数量增加的

比率：，根据此分析可知(A)、(B)、(C)、(E)选项都是上题论述依赖的假设；(D)

选项的“the antpopulation”为模糊概念，可能包括“fire ants”，也可能没包括“fire

ants”，所以(D)为无关选项，因此(D)选项不是本段落论述依赖的假设。 知识模

块：逻辑推理

31． The workers at Bell Manufacturing will shortly go on strike unless the

management increases their wages. As Bell’s president is well aware, however, in

order to increase the workers’ wages, Bell would have to sell off some of its

subsidiaries. So, some of Bell’s subsidiaries will be conclusion above is

properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?

A．Bell Manufacturing will begin to suffer increased losses.

B．Bell’s management will refuse to increase its workers’ wages.

C．The workers at Bell Manufacturing will not be going on strike.

D．Bell’s president has the authority to offer the workers their desired wage

increase.E．Bell’ s workers will not accept a package of improved benefits in place of

their desired wage increase.

正确答案：C

解析：本题的结论是Bell的某些子公司将会被出售，该结论是给工人涨工

资的必要条件，而给工人涨工资又是工人不举行罢工的必要条件，因此Bwll的

某些子公司将被出售是工人不举行罢工的必要条件，也即工人不举行罢工，那么

必要条件“Bell的某些子公司被出售”必定发生，由此分析可知(C)是正确答案。

其余四个选项既不能推出结论，也不能从结论中推出，都是错误选项。 知识模

块：逻辑推理

32． One sure way you can tell how quickly a new idea, for example, the idea of

“privatization,” is taking hold among the population is to monitor how fast the word

or words expressing that particular idea are passing into common usage. Professional

opinions of whether or not words can indeed be said to have passed into common

usage are available from dictionary editors, who are vitally concerned with this

question. The method described above for determining how quickly a new idea is

taking hold relies on which one of the following assumptions?

A．Dictionary editors are not professionally interested in words that are only

rarely used.

B．Dictionary editors have exact numerical criteria for telling when a word has

passed into common usage.

C．For a new idea to take hold, dictionary editors have to include the relevant

word or words in their dictionaries.

D．As a word passes into common usage, its meaning does not undergo any

severe distortions in the process.E．Words denoting new ideas tend to be used before

the ideas denoted are understood.

正确答案：D

解析：由题义可知，代表某个新概念的单词或短语在转变为习惯用法时，若

单词的意思发生了较大的改变，那么这些单词将不能再表达它们以前所表达的新

概念。因此本题的结论成立的必要条件是当一个单词变成一种习惯用法时，它的

意思在转变过程中不会经受任何严重的改变，即(D)是正确答案；(E)提及了新内

容，既不能支持结论，也不能从短文中合理地推出，因此是错误选项；(A)、(C)、

(D)三选项都与段落中论述的内容相反，均为错误选项。 知识模块：逻辑推理

33． Scientists attempting to replicate certain controversial results reported by a

group of experienced researchers failed to get the same results as those reported. The

conclusion drawn from this by the scientists who conducted the replication

experiments was that the originally reported results had been due to faulty

measurements. The argument of the scientists who conducted the replication

experiments assumes that

A．the original experiments had not been described in sufficient detail to make an

exact replication possible.

B．the fact that the originally reported results aroused controversy made it highly

likely that they were in error.

C．the theoretical principles called into question by the originally reported results

were themselves based on weak evidence.

D．the replication experiments were not so likely as the original experiments to

be marred by faulty measurements.E．the researchers who originally reported the

controversial results had themselves observed those results only once.

正确答案：D

解析：从段落中我们可以很容易地看出，进行重复试验的科学家一定是在认

为他们进行重复实验所用的测量方法是正确的前提下认为以前的测量方法有误，

以致他们得不到一致的结果。因此(D)是正确答案；(B)具有一定的迷惑性，但是

一定要把题读清楚了，在进行重复试验的科学家看来以前的结果有误并不是起因

于这些结果有争议的事实，而是起因于得到这些结果所用的测量方法不正确。

(A)、(C)和(E)三选项均不能从段落中合理地推出。 知识模块：逻辑推理

34． Since Mayor Drabble always repays her political debts as soon as possible,

she will almost certainly appoint Lee to be the new head of the arts commission. Lee

has wanted that job for a long time, and Drabble owes Lee a lot for his support in the

last election. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument

depends?

A．Mayor Drabble has no political debt that is both of longer standing than the

one she owes to Lee and could as suitable be repaid by an appointment to be the new

head of the arts commission.

B．There is no one to whom Mayor Drabble owes a greater political debt for

support in the last election than the political debt she owes to Lee.

C．Lee is the only person to whom Mayor Drabble owes a political debt who

would be willing to accept an appointment from her as the new head of the arts

commission.

D．Whether Lee is qualified to head the arts commission is irrelevant to Mayor

Drabble’s decision.E．The only way that Mayor Drabble can adequately repay her

political debt to Lee is by appointing him to head the arts commission.

正确答案：A

解析：根据题中段落的论述可知Drabble市长现有的一个偿还政治债务的方

法是委任某人为艺术委员会的领导，Lee是Drabble的债权人之一，并且Drabble

通常会尽快偿还她在政治上的债务，所以要使Drabble委任Lee为艺术委员会的

首领，那一定是没有其他债务的偿还会比委任Lee为艺术委员会首领更及时、更

合适，所以很明显(A)是正确的答案；(D)选项与短文的论述无关；(B)、(C)和(E)

选项都不能从段落中推出。 知识模块：逻辑推理

35． The number of hospital emergency room visits by heroin users grew by

more than 25 percent during the 1980s. Clearly, then, the use of heroin rose in that

decade. The author’s conclusion is properly drawn if which one of the following is

assumed?

A．Those who seek medical care because of heroin use usually do so in the later

stages of addiction.

B．Many heroin users visit hospital emergency rooms repeatedly.

C．The number of visits to hospital emergency rooms by heroin users is

proportional to the incidence of heroin usage.

D．The methods of using heroin have changed since 1980, and the new methods

are less hazardous.E．Users of heroin identify themselves as such when they come to

hospital emergency rooms.

正确答案：C

解析：本题应该注意的是：不是每一个服用了海洛因的人都到急诊室去就诊，

因此要从急诊室这10年里海洛因服用者就诊的次数的增加，推出服用海洛因的

整体人数都在增加，就必须指出到急诊室就诊的海洛因服用者与服用海洛因的总

的人数之间的特定关系。在5个选项中只有(C)指出了这种特定关系，因此，正

确选项为(C)；其余四个选项都不是本题结论所依赖的假设。 知识模块：逻辑推

理

36． When permits for the discharge of chemicals into a waterway are issued,

they are issued in terms of the number of pounds of each chemical that can be

discharged into the waterway per day. These figures, calculated separately for each

chemical for which a permit is issued, are based on an estimate of the effect of the

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