4 雅思阅读之判断题 C7T4P1

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2024年4月21日发(作者：)

常考词汇：

词 条：记住它们，运用到你的听、说、读、写中去，成功就属于你。

1.

pyramid金字塔

2.

conventional传统的

3.

slave奴隶

4.

dragged拖曳

5.

on sledges在雪橇上，在垫板上

6.

back up支持

7.

Californian加州人

8.

consultant顾问

9.

peruse查阅

10.

monument纪念碑

11.

hieroglyph象形符号

12.

posture姿势

13.

giant巨大的

14.

a heavy object重物

15.

intrigue使感兴趣

16.

aeronautics航空学

17.

professor教授

18.

fascinate着迷

19.

spark interest引起兴趣

20.

apparently明显地

21.

stone column石柱

22.

horizontal横向的

23.

vertical纵向的

24.

tunnel隧道

25.

convince使信服

26.

a modest force中等力量

27.

pulley滑轮

28.

magnify放大

29.

rigged up组装

30.

scaffold脚手架

31.

apex顶端

32.

unlikely不可能的

33.

rectangular四边形的

34.

nylon尼龙

= New York + London

35.

stunned受惊讶的

36.

generate产生

37.

initial force初始力

38.

jerk张力

39.

massive大的

40.

construction建设

41.

experiments实验

42.

specialists专家

43.

an associate professor副教授

44.

harness控制

驾驭

45.

accomplished sailors有经验的水手

46.

ancient古代的

47.

Egypt, Egyptian埃及（人）

48.

artefact人工制品

49.

uncannily神秘地

50.

glider滑翔机

51.

date from追溯

52.

sophistication复杂

53.

debris废料

垃圾

54.

foes敌人

55.

machinery机械

56.

adobe居所

57.

arch拱

58.

sensible合理的

59.

resemble貌似

60. reckon认为（informal）

Pulling strings to build pyramids

No one knows exactly how the pyramids were built. Marcus Chown reckons

认为，假想

the answer could be 'hanging in the air'.

The pyramids of Egypt were built more than three thousand years ago, and no

one knows how. The conventional picture is that tens of thousands of slaves

dragged stones on sledges雪橇（第1题答案）. But there is no evidence to

back this up. Now a Californian software consultant called Maureen

Clemmons has suggested that kites might have been involved. While perusing

a book on the monuments of Egypt, she noticed a hieroglyph图画文字that

showed a row of men standing inodd postures姿势（第2题答案）.They were

holding what looked like ropes that led, via通过, 经过some kind of

mechanical system, to a giant bird in the sky. She wondered if perhaps the bird

was

actually a giant kite, and the men were using it to lift a heavy object.

【重要词组】back up

支持，援助

He drought along a file of document to back up his claim.

他随身携带一卷宗文件以便证实索赔要求。

As the1979 deadline came nearer, some states which at first had backed up the

Equal Right Amendment changed their mind and voted against it.

1979年这个期限临近了，最初支持平等权利修正案的一些州后来改变了主意，

投票反对这个法案

Intrigued好奇的; 被迷住了的, Clemmons contacted Morteza Gharib,

aeronautics professor at the California Institute of Technology. He was

fascinated by the idea. 'Coming from Iran, I have a keen interest in Middle

Eastern science,' he says. He too was puzzled by the picture that had sparked

Clemmons's interest. The object in the sky apparently had wings far too short

and wide for a bird. ‘The possibility certainly existed that it was a kite,' he says.

And since he needed a summer project for his student Emilio Graff,

investigating the possibility of using kites as heavy lifters seemed like a good

idea.

【重点词汇】Intrigued(to do sth) very interested in sth/sb and wanting to know

more about it/them: He was intrigued by her story. ◆ I'm intrigued to know

what you thought of the movie.

Gharib and Graff set themselves the task of raising a 4.5-metre stone column

圆柱 from horizontal水平的to vertical垂直的, using no source of energy

except the wind.（第4题答案） Their initial最初的 calculations and

scale-model wind-tunnel experiments convinced them they wouldn't need a

strong wind to lift the 33.5-tonne column. Even a modest force, if sustained维

持, over a long time, would do.（第5题答案）The key was to use a pulley滑

轮system that would magnify放大the applied force. So they rigged装配 up a

tent-shaped scaffold支架directly above the tip顶端of the horizontal column,

with pulleys suspended from the scaffold's apex顶点. The idea was that as

one end of the column rose, the base would roll across the ground on a trolley.

Earlier this year, the team put Clemmons's unlikely theory to the test, using a

40-square metre rectangular

矩形的

nylon sail

帆

. The kite lifted the column

clean off the ground. 'We were absolutely stunned,' Gharib says. 'The instant

the sail opened into the wind, a huge force was generated and the column was

raised to the vertical in a mere 40 seconds.

The wind was blowing at a gentle 16 to 20 kilometres an hour, little more than

half what they thought would be needed. What they had failed to reckon with

was what happened when the kite was opened. 'There was a huge initial force

— five times larger than the steady state force,' Gharib says. This jerk meant

that kites could lift huge weights, Gharib realised. Even a 300-tonne column

could have been lifted to the vertical with 40 or so men and four or five sails.

（第7题答案） So Clemmons was right: the pyramid builders could have used

kites to lift massive stones into place. 'Whether they actually did is another

matter,' Gharib says. There are no pictures showing the construction of the

pyramids, so there is no way to tell what really happened. 'The evidence for

using kites to move large stones is no better or worse than the evidence for the

brute force method,' Gharib says.

Indeed, the experiments have left many specialists unconvinced难以置信的.

'The evidence for kite- lifting is non-existent,' says Willeke Wendrich, an

associate professor of Egyptology at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Others feel there is more of a case for the theory. Harnessing利用 the wind

would not have been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians.

And they are known to have used wooden pulleys, which could have been

made strong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone. In addition,

there is some physical evidence that the ancient Egyptians were interested in

flight. A wooden artefact

手工艺品

found on the step pyramid at Saqqara looks

uncannily

不寻常地

like a modern glider. Although it dates from several

hundred years after the building of the pyramids, its sophistication suggests

that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long time.

And other ancient civilisations certainly knew about kites; as early as 1250 BC,

the Chinese were using them to deliver messages and dump

丢弃

flaming

debris

碎片; 残骸

on their foes

敌人

.（第8-13题答案）

【重点词汇】Harness：

control and use (a natural force) to produce electrical power, etc

控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等:

harness a river, a waterfall, the sun's rays as a

source of energy

利用河水﹑

瀑布﹑

太阳光作为能源.

The experiments might even have practical uses nowadays. There are plenty

of places around the globe where people have no access to 接触不到heavy

machinery, but do know how to deal with wind, sailing and basic mechanical

principles. Gharib has already been contacted by a civil engineer in Nicaragua,

who wants to put up buildings with adobe roofs粘土屋顶 supported by

concrete arches拱形结构 on a site that heavy equipment can't reach. His idea

is to build the arches horizontally, then lift them into place using kites. 'We've

given him some design hints,' says Gharib. 'We're just waiting for him to report

back.' So whether they were actually used to build the pyramids or not, it

seems that kites may make 成为，使成为sensible construction tools in the

21st century AD.

【重点词汇】Make:成为，使成为

He’ll make a great engineer one day. 总有一天他会成为伟大的工程师的。

Twenty year’s service in the army made him a tough man.20年在军中服役让他

变得坚强。

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage I?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE

if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE

if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN

if there is no information on this

1 It is generally believed that large numbers of people were needed to build the

pyramids. TRUE

2 Clemmons found a strange hieroglyph on the wall of an Egyptian monument.

FALSE

3 Gharib had previously done experiments on bird flight. NOT GIVEN

4 Gharib and Graff tested their theory before applying it. TRUE

5 The success of the actual experiment was due to the high speed of the wind. FALSE

6 They found that, as the kite flew higher, the wind force got stronger. NOT GIVEN

7 The team decided that it was possible to use kites to raise very heavy stones. TRUE

Questions 8-13

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

Additional evidence for theory of kite-lifting

The Egyptians had

8 (wooden) pulleys

, which could lift large pieces of 9 stone

and they knew how to use the energy of the wind from their skill as 10

(accomplished) sailors. The discovery on one pyramid of an object which

resembled a 11 (modern) glider suggests they may have experimented

with 12 flight. In addition, over

two thousand years ago

kites were used in China as weapons, as well as for sending 13

messages.

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