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2024年5月9日发(作者:)

时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我

们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种,如下表所示

各时态结构及用法

1. 一般现在时

①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。

例:He is a student.

他是一个学生。

② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。

例:He always helps others.

他总是帮助别人。

③ 客观事实和普遍真理。

do/does; is/am/are) (

例:The earth moves the sun.

地球绕着太阳转。

④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。(常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时

刻表)

例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。

⑤ 主将从现:在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。

例:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.

如果明天下雨,我们会待在家里。

2. 现在进行时(am/is/are doing)

①表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。

例:He is listning to the music now.

他现在正在听音乐。

②表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情,但不一定此时此刻正在做。

例:I am studying computer this term.

这个学期我一直在学习计算机。

③现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。

瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。

例: I am leaving.

我要离开了。

持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。

例: I am travelling next month.

下个月我要去旅行。

④现在进行时与频度副词连用,表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。

例: He is always helping others.

他总是帮助别人。(褒义)

3. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)

①表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.

10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。

②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。

例:I was travelling in London last summer vacation.

去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。

③过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。

瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。

例:Then she said she was leaving.

然后她说她要离开了。

持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过

去将来。

例:She said that she was travelling the next day.

她说她第二天要去旅行。

④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。

例:When he lived in country,he was always helping the poor.

住在乡下时,他总是帮助穷人。

4. 一般将来时

①基本结构是will do。

例:We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.

我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。

②表示“打算…,要…”时,可用 am/is/are going to do。

例:This is just what I am going to say.

这正是我想说的。

③ 表示“即将、正要”时,可用am/is/are about to do。强调近期内或马上要做

的事。

例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.

别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。

④"be to do"的2种用法:

a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.

星期一你准会在实验室见到她。

b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示

一种命令、规劝性语气。

例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less

than 5 minutes.

孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。

5. 将来进行时(will be doing)

强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a

white skirt at that time.

别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。

6. 过去将来时(would do)

表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.

我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。

7.过去将来进行时:( would be doing )

强调在过去将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next

July.

政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。

8. 一般过去时 (did; was/were)

①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

例:I bought some fruits yesterday.

我昨天买了一些水果。

②表示过去习惯性动作。

would/ used to do:过去常常......

例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for

hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.

老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,

什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。

He used to visit his mother once a week.

他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。

9. 现在完成时(have/has done)

①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成,强调对现在产生的影响。

例:I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment

I have two houses.

我买了一所新房子,但是还没有卖掉旧的,所以现在我又两所房子。

②表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。

此时经常用延续性动词。

时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。

例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and

are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学

家的工作所修正。

10. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)

表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。

例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.

到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。

11. 过去完成时(had done)

①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常

说的"过去的过去"。

Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months.

到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。

②表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。

此时经常用延续性动词。

By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.

到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.

12.过去完成进行时:had been doing

表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾

间断,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。

例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for

several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.

我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。

13.过去将来完成时:(would have done)

表示到过去将来某一时间已经完成的动作,并且对过去将来那一时间点产生影响。

例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software

would have been developed, but I was wrong.

我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。

表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间,并且有可能继续延续下

去。

例:He told me that by the end of the year he would have lived there for thirty

years.

他告诉我,到那年年底为止他将已经在那里住了三十年了。

14.过去将来完成进行时:(would have been doing)

表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间,期间一直有规律在进行、

不曾间断,并且有可能继续延续下去。

例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have

been being worked for 3 years.

他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。

15. 将来完成时(will have done)

①表示一个动作到将来某个时间为止已经完成,强调对将来那个时间产生的影响。

例:Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I will have had breakfast by then.

早上8点钟你来接我,到时我已经吃完早饭了.

②表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间,并且有可能继续延续下去。

例:The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.

会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。

16.将来完成进行时:(will have been doing)

表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间,期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能

继续延续下去。

例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3

years.

到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了

常考八大时态

一. 一般现在时

1. 谓语动词结构

is/am/are;do/does

2. 用法

①表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

例: every…, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at…, on Sunday等。

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

我每天早上七点钟离开家去学校。

He watches TV once a week .

他每周看一次电视。

② 表示普遍真理,客观存在,科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.

地球绕着太阳转。

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

上海位于中国东部。

③ 格言或警句。

Pride goes before a fall.

骄者必败。

注意:用法②和③如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般

现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.

哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。

④表示现在时刻的状态、个性或爱好。

Xiaoming writes good English but does not speak well.

小明英语写作很好,但说得不好。

二. 一般过去时

1. 谓语动词结构

was/were;did

2. 用法

①在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有:yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982,yesterday morning

(afternoon, evening…),last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago , a week

ago, three years ago… just now,等。

Where did you go just now?

你刚才去哪儿了?

②表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.小时候,我经常在街上踢

足球。

used to do:过去常常做某事。

③固定句型

It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"

It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"

It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

注意:一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.

(含义:她已不在人间。)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

三. 现在进行时

1. 谓语动词结构

is/am/are doing

2. 用法

①表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

We are waiting for you.

我们正在等你。

②表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.

格林先生正在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

③瞬时动词的进行时一定表示将来的含义。

瞬时动词:come,go,arrive,leave,finish,end,start,begin等。

We are arriving at London.

我们快到伦敦了。

④持续动词的进行时需要加表示将来的时间状语或有将来的语境时才能表将来。

I am travelling next month.

下个月我要去旅行。

⑤与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状

态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

You are always changing your mind.

你总是改变主意。

四. 过去进行时

1. 谓语动词结构

was/were doing

2. 用法

①过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的状语连用。

例如:(just)then 那时,当时;at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon

昨天下午;at nine 在九点;last night 昨晚;(at)this time yesterday在昨天这个时候

但在不少情况下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示。

What were you doing at nine last night?

昨晚九点的时候,你在做什么?

I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.

我昨天下午正在家里看电视。

They were playing football at this time yesterday.

昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。

②过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。

常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连

用。

From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .

从1983到1998年,他正在耶鲁大学教书。

They were building a bridge last winter .

去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。

③过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。

现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要

发生的动作,常用在间接引语中。

Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next

morning.

上周五Lucy到达北京,但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。

She asked him if he was coming back for lunch.

她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。

④过去进行时与频度副词always forever, continually, constantly等连用时表

示过去经常反复的动作,常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。

My sister was always forgetting things.

我姐姐总是忘记事情。(表示埋怨)

He was always helping others.

他总是帮助别人。(表示赞扬)

五. 一般将来时

1. 谓语动词结构

will do

is/am/are doing

2. 用法

表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。

时间状语:tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this

afternoon , this evening ……

①will do

表示主观意愿做某事。

I will see a movie this morning.

今天晚上我要去看电影。

表示客观的不以人的意志为转移的客观将来。

Fish will die without water.

鱼离开水会死。

表示临时决定。

——Mom, where is the newspaper?妈妈,报纸在哪里?

——Wait a moment. I will get it for you.等一下,我拿给你。

②is/am/are going to +do

表示计划,安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month.

这部剧下个月将被制作。

表示有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark is going to be a storm.

看乌云。将会有暴风雨。

六. 过去将来时

1. 谓语动词结构

would do

was/were going to do

2. 用法

立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

他说第二天会去北京。

I didn't know if she was going to come.

我不知道她是否会来。

Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。

王蕾说她下周六要去看望她的叔叔。

七. 现在完成时

1. 谓语动词结构

have/has done

2. 用法

①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

标志词:already, yet, just, ever, never, before

I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做,到现在已完

成。)

②表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并且有可能继续下去。

标志词:for, since, since…ago

I have studied English for six years.

我已经学了六年英语了。

(六年前开始学英语,一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。)

③have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别

have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来

have/ has been to 曾经去过,人已经回来了

have/ has been in 已经在某地,常与一段时间连用

如:He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前去过沈阳。

He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。

Has he gone to Shenyang?

他去沈阳了吗?

注意:非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。

这类动词有:come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。

能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。

arrive, come → be here,

die → be dead

finish, end → be over

go out → be out

join → be in

borrow→keep

finish/end →be over

close →be closed

leave, move → be away

fall asleep → be asleep

八. 过去完成时

1. 谓语动词结构

had done

2. 用法

用于过去完成时的时间状语有:before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

他说他之前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

爱迪生十二岁时,已经开始自己谋生了。

Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆到达聚会时,大多数客人已经走了。

①以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的

行为,即“过去的过去”。

As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

我们刚到车站,火车就开走了。

②在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

她说她从来没去过巴黎。

练习

( )1. There _______ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

( )2. --- Who sings best in your class?

--- Jenny _______.

A. do

B. did

C. does

D. has done

( )3. --- _____ the young girl _____ the old man clean his room every day?

--- Yes, she does.

A. Does; help

B. Has; helped

C. Did; help

D. Do; helps

( )4. --- Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad?

--- You can when you _______ a bit older.

A. will get

B. get

C. are getting

D. got

( )5. --- What does Linda often do in the evening?

--- She often _______ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she

_______ TV.

A. does; watches

B. is doing; watched

C. does; watched

D. is doing; was watching

( )6. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the

sun.

A. was moving

B. moved

C. has moved

D. moves

( )7. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon.

A. study

B. studies

C. will study

D. studied

( )8. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.

--- I won’t. As soon as he _______, I’ll ask him to write to you.

A. will come

B. came

C. comes

D. is coming

( )9. --- Do you like this silk dress?

--- Yes, I do. It _______ so soft and comfortable.

A. is feeling

B. feels

C. has felt

D. is felt

( )10. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I _______ know you _______ here.

A. don’t; are

B. didn’t; are

C. didn’t; were

D. don’t; were

Key: 1-5 DCABC 6-10 DBCBC

本文标签: 表示动作时间发生动词