英语国家社会与文化入门2名词解释

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2024年5月12日发(作者：)

1. American Indians

American Indians , who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the

Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago. They developed their own aboriginal

cultures and some of them such as the Aztecs, the Incas and the mayas were very

advanced when Europeans arrived in the New World. But, as a result of European

conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were

ruthlessly destroyed.

2. the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and

was adopted by the Congresson July 4,1776, when the people of 13 English

colonies in North America were fighting for

their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document

declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some

unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also

explained the philosophy of governments:the powers of governments came from

the consent of the governed and the purpose of governmemts was to secure the

rights mentioned theory of politics and the guiding principles of the

American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.

3. Ggeorge Washington

George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.

He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of

Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United

States.

4. Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic

He was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence and the third

President of the United States.

5. Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the American

participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making

the tution.

6. the Articles of Confederation

After the War of Independence was won, the new nation of the United States

was organized under the agreement of the Articles of Confederation with a weak

national government called the Congress. Each state had its own government,

made its own laws and handle its internal affairs. The states did not cooperate with

the Congress and with each other. The Congress had no power to force anystate to

contribute money to the national government and the Congress could not tax any

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