【自学考试】江苏省自考英语语言学概论(27037)填空题与选择题题库及中

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2024年6月7日发(作者：)

第一章绪论填空题或选择题

1. A symbol consists of two parts : a concrete form and the meaning which it conveys. 一个符

号由两个部分组成：一个具体的形式和它所表达的意思。

saying language is arbitrary ,we mean we can’t give a sound reason why such a form is

pronounced in this way rather than in that way, and why a particular meaning should be

indicated by this form rather than by that form.. 当说语言是任意的，我们指我们不能合理

地解释为什么这个音以这种形式而不是以那种形式发音。并且为什么以这种形式而不是

以那种形式来表明某种特殊的意义。

3. Language has two levels .They are grammatically meaningful level and sound meaningless

level. 语言有两个层次：语法上有意义的层次和声音上无意义的层次。

languages have such design features as

productivity ,discreteness ,displacement ,arbitrariness ,cultural transmission ,duality

and interchangeability . 人类语言具有以下的甄别性特征：能产性，离散性，不受时空

限制的特性，任意性，文化传递性，双重性和互换性。

ge is a system because every language consists of a set of rules which underlie people’s

actual speech or writing . 语言是一种体系，因为每种语言都是由一套规则组成的，这些

规则表明了人们的真正语言或书面形式。（2009年10月考题）

6. By saying language is creative ,we mean that every language contains an infinite number of

sentences ,which ,however are generated by a small set of rules and a finite set of words .当说

语言具有创造性的时候，我们指每种语言都包括无数的句子，而这些句子由有限的规则

和有限的单词所构造的。

第二章语言学填空题或选择题

1. According to John Lyons , general linguistics deals with language in general and

descriptive linguistics（描写语言学） is concerned with one particular language . 根据约

翰，普遍语言学把语言作为一个整体进行研究，而描写语言学关注一种特定的语言。

（2009年10月考题）

2. In de Saussure’s term, langue refers to the system of language and parole refers to the

speaker’s speech . 根据索绪尔的定义，语言指的是语言的体系，而言语指的是说话者的

语言。（2009年10月考题）

3. Phonology is the science that deals with the sound system. 音位学是研究语音系统的科

学。

4. Syntax studies two kinds of rules : phrase structure rules and transformational rules . 句

法学研究两种规则：短语结构规则和转换规则。

5. According to Chomsky ,competence is “the speaker-hearer’s knowledge of his

language ”.while performance is “the actual use of language in concrete situations”. 根据

乔姆斯基，语言能力是语言使用者所具有的知识，而语言运用是这种知识在具体情况下

的实际运用。

6. Langue or competence is abstract and not directly observed ,while parole or performance is

concrete and directly observable . 语言或者语言能力是抽象的，是不能直接观察的，而言

语或者语言语用是具体的，是能直接观察的。

7. The scientific method involves four stages：collecting data ,forming a hypothesis , testing

the hypothesis , drawing conclusions. 科学的研究方法涉及四个阶段：收集材料，提出

假设，验证假设，得出结论。

8. Saussure is the father of modern linguistics . 索绪尔是“现代语言学之父”。

9. The synchronic study of a language is concerned with a “state” of a language at a particular

point of time. 语言的共时性研究关注的是处于某一时间点的语言所做的描述。

10. A syntagmatic relation （横组合关系）refers to the sequential characteristic of speech.横组

合关系指的是语言的序列特点。

11. Phonological knowledge is a native speaker’s intuition about the sounds and sound patterns

of his language . 音位知识是当地语言者关于他语言的语音和语音模式的知识。

12. Morphological knowledge is a native speaker’s intuition about how a word is formed . 形

态学知识是当地语言者关于单词是如何形成的知识。

13. Syntactic knowledge is a native speaker’s intuition about whether a sentence is grammatical

or not . 句法知识是当地语言者关于一个句子是否合乎语法的知识。

14. Semantic knowledge is a native speaker’s intuition about the meaning of language ,including

meaning of words and meaning of sentences. 语义知识是当地语言者关于语言意义的知

识，包括单词意义和句子意义。

15. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds of all human languages.语音学是对所有人类语言

的语音研究。（2009年10月考题）

16. Morphology examines word formation and the internal structure of words . 形态学研究的

是单词的构成和单词的内在结构。

17. Syntax is concerned with how words are combined to form phrases and how phrases are

combined by rules to form sentences . 句法学关注单词是如何组合成短语以及短语是如

何通过规则形成句子的。

18. Semantics is the study of the meaning of words and sentences .语义学是对单词和句子的意

义研究。(2010年1月考题)

19. A diachronic study is concerned with the historical development of a language over a period

of time. 历时性研究关注的是语言经过一定时间阶段所发生的历史变化。

20. A paradigmatic relation is a relation between a linguistic element in an utterance and

linguistic elements outside that utterance, but belonging to the same sub-system of the

language . 纵聚合关系是话语中的一种语言成分和话语之外的语言成分之间的一种关

系，但是都属于语言的同一种子系统。（2009年10月考题）

第三章语音学填空题或选择题

1. Phonetics has three sub-branches :acoustic phonetics ,auditory phonetics and articulatory

phonetics .语音学有三种分支：声学语音学，听觉语音学和发音语音学。

2. The vocal tract （发音系统）can be divided into two parts: the oral cavity and nasal cavity .

发音系统可以被分成两种：口腔和鼻腔。

3. A consonant is a speech sound in which the air-stream from the lungs is either completely

blocked or partially or where the opening is so narrow that the air escapes with audible

frication .A vowel is usually produced with vibration of the vocal cords. 辅音是发音的时

候从肺部呼出的气流要么是全部阻塞或者部分阻塞，出气口过窄以至于可以听到摩擦的

声音。一个元音一般是通过声带振动所形成的。

4. Articulatory phonetics is concerned with how a sound is produced by the vocal organs. 发

音语音学研究声音是如何通过发音器官形成的。

5. Acoustic phonetics deals with how a sound is transmitted from the speaker’s mouth to the

listener’s ears. 声学语音学研究声音是如何从说话者的口中传入听话者的耳朵中的。

（2009年10月考题）

6. Auditory phonetics investigates how a sound is perceived by the listener. 听觉语音学研究

声音是如何被听话者所接收的。(2010年1月考题)

7. According to the position of the velum, consonants are divided into oral consonants and nasal

consonants .根据软腭的位置，辅音被分成口腔辅音和鼻腔辅音。

8. The production of a stop consists of three stages :closure stage ,hold stage and release stage .

一个塞音或者闭止音的形成包括三个阶段：闭合阶段，保持阶段和释放阶段。

9. The raising of the soft palate causes the production of oral consonants while the lowering of

the soft palate brings about the production of nasal consonants. 软腭的上提会导致口腔辅音

的形成，而软腭的下降会导致鼻腔辅音的形成。

10. In English ,there are three nasal consonants .They are m ,n ,n . 在英语中有三个鼻腔辅

音，它们是m, n, n.

11. According to the presence or absence of vocal cord vibration （声带振动）,the English

consonants can be classified into two groups :voiced consonants and voiceless consonants .

根据声带振动的有无，英语辅音可以被分成两种：浊辅音和清辅音。

12. In terms of lip rounding ,vowels are classified into rounded vowels and unrounded vowels .

根据口形，元音被分成圆唇元音和非圆唇元音。

13. The space between the vocal cords is called glottis . 声带中间的位置被称为声门。

14. When the vocal cords are spread apart ,the air-stream is not blocked at the glottis and it passes

freely into the vocal tract（声带系统） without vocal-cord vibration（声带振动） .The sounds

produced in this way are called voiceless consonants . 当声带被分开，气流在声门处没有

阻碍，并且没有经过声带振动就自由进入到发音系统，以这种方式所发出的音被称为清

辅音。

15. When the vocal cords are nearly touching each other but not completely closed ,the air-stream

passing through the glottis has to cause vibration .The sounds made in this way are called

voiced consonants. 当声带几乎要合但是没有完全合闭，从声门所通过的气流一定会发

生振动，以这种方式所形成的音被称为浊辅音。（2009年10月考题）

16. Stops can be divided into two types: oral stops and nasal stops .塞音或者闭止音可以分成

两种：口腔闭止音和鼻腔闭止音。

17. According to the state of the velum ,vowels are divided into oral vowels and nasal vowels.

根据软腭的状态，元音被分成口腔元音和鼻腔元音。

18. In English ,nasal vowels occur only before nasal consonants ,and oral vowels before oral

consonants。在英语中，鼻腔元音只发生在鼻腔辅音之前，而口腔元音发生在口腔辅音

之前。(2010年1月考题)

19. In English ,all the back vowels except [a:] are rounded vowels. 在英语中，除了[a:]之外所

有的后元音都是圆唇音。

20. In terms of tongue position ,vowels can be classified into front ,central ,back ,high ,mid and

low vowels .根据舌头的位置，元音可以分成前元音，中元音，后元音，高元音，中元音

和低元音。（2009年10月考题）(2010年1月考题)

第四章音位学填空题或选择题

1. English phonology investigates the sound system of English .It is different from English

phonetics, which is concerned with the speech sounds that occurs in the English

language .English phonology studies the abstract aspects :the functions of sounds and the

sound combination patterns. 英语音位学研究的是英语的语音系统。它不同于英语语音

学，英语语音学关注的是英语语言中所发生的语音现象。英语音位学研究是抽象的方面：

声音的功能和声音的组合方式。

2. A phoneme is defined as a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a language . 音

位被定义成在语言的发音系统中最小的具有甄别性特征的单位。（2009年10月考题）

3. Two forms are a minimal pair when they meet three conditions :1)they are different in

meaning ,2) they differ only in one sound segment ,3)the different sounds occur in the same

position in the strings .When a group of words meet all the three conditions ,they are called a

minimal set. 当两种形式符合三种条件他们就是最小对立体或者最小对立对，第一，

他们的意思不一样，第二，他们只有一个语音切分不一样，第三，不同的语音在同一个

位置。当一组单词满足这三个条件，他们就是最小对立集。

4. There are three types of distribution :contrastive distribution ,complementary distribution

and free variation . 英语中有三种分布，对比分布，互补分布和自由变异。(2010年1

月考题)

5. If two or more sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound

for another brings about a change of meaning they are in contrastive distribution . 如果两

个或者更多的音在同一种环境下能够发生，并且一个语音代替另一个语音会产生意义的

改变，他们就是对比分布。

6. If two or more sounds never appear in the same environment ,they are said to be in

complementary distribution . 如果两个或者更多的音从不会在同一种环境下发生，他

们就是互补分布。（2009年10月考题）

7. If two sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for the

other does not cause a change of meaning ,then they are said to be in free variation . 如果

两个音能在同一环境下发生，并且一个语音代替另一个不会导致意义的改变，那么他们

就是自由变异。

8. The distinctive features are the features that can contrast words . 甄别性特征或者区别性

特征是能够区别单词的特征。

9. Distinctive features are used to describe phonemes ,while phonetic features（语音特征） are

used to describe their allophones .区别性特征是用来描述音位的，而语音特征是用来描述

他们的音位变体的。

10. The distinctive features which can only have an effect on one sound segment are called

segmental features. 只对一种声音切分有影响的区别性特征被称为切分特征。（2009年

10月考题）

11. The distinctive features that can affect more than one sound segment and can also contrast

meaning are called suprasegmental features .There are three kinds of them:

stress ,intonation and juncture .能够影响的不止一个语音切分，而且能区别意义的区别

性特征被称为超切分特征。超切分特征有三种，重音，音调和连音或者音渡。

12. The position of stress can bring about a change of meaning in a word.。重音的位置会导致单

词意义的变化。

13. Tone languages are languages that use pitch to contrast meaning at word level ,whereas

intonation languages are languages that use pitch to distinguish different meanings at phrase

level or sentence level .声调语言是在单词的水平上用音高来区别意义的语言，然而语调

语言是在短语或者句子的水平上用音高来区别不同意义的语言。

14. Juncture refers to the phonetic boundary features that may mark grammatical units such as

word and clause . 连音是指能够表示诸如单词和从句等语法单位的语音分界特征。

（2009年10月考题）

15. If we are interested in the phonetic units of a word, the resulting transcription is broad , if we

are only interested in its distinctive features ,the resulting transcription is narrow .如果我们

对一个单词的语音单位感兴趣，那么音标就是宽式的，如果我们只对它的区别性特征感

兴趣，那么音标就是严式的。

16. The function of phonological rules is to change a phonemic transcription（音位音标） into its

phonetic transcription （语音音标）. 音位规则的功能是将音位音标改变为语音音标。

第五章形态学填空题或选择题

1. Semantically ,morphemes can be grouped into roots and affixes . 从语义上来讲，词素

可以分成词根和词缀。

2. Morphology is a science that examines word formation and the internal structure of words.

形态学是一门研究单词的构成和单词的内在结构的科学。

3. A morpheme is defined as a minimal meaningful unit in the grammatical system of a

language . 词素被定义为语言的语法体系中最小的意义单位。（2009年10月考题）

4. Structurally ,morphemes fall into two kinds : free morphemes and bound morphemes . 从

结构上来讲，词素分为两种：自由词素和黏附词素。

5. The root is the most important part of a word that carries the principal meaning .词根是一

个带有主要意义的单词中最重要的部分。

6. Affixes are lexically dependent on roots and do not convey the fundamental meaning of

words. 词缀在词义上是依赖词根的，不表达单词的重要意思。

7. Free morphemes are those that can stand by themselves as individual words. 自由词素是

那些能够独立作为单词存在的词素。

8. Bound morphemes are never found alone as words ,but are always joined with other

morphemes.黏附词素是不能够独立作为单词存在的，总是和其它词素合在一起。（09年

10月考题）(2010年1月考题)

9. In terms of position , we may divide affixes into prefixes and suffixes and infixes . 就位

置而言，我们可以把词缀分为前缀，后缀和中缀。(2010年1月考题)

10. According to function, we can classify affixes into inflectional affixes and derivational

affixes . 根据功能，我们能将词缀分成屈折词缀和派生词缀。

11. Morphs are related to morphemes in general ,while allomorphs（语素变体） are always

related to a specific morpheme. 语子或形素与整体的语素有关，而语素变体总是跟某一

特定的语素有关。(2010年1月考题)

12. If two or more morphs are semantically identical and also in complementary

distribution ,they are said to be in allomorphs of the same morpheme. 如果两个或更多的语

素在语义上是一样的而且处于互补性分布，他们就是同一语素的语素变体。（2009年10

月考题）

13. A morph that has form but no meaning is called a empty morph while a morph that has

meaning but no form is called a zero morph . 具有形式但是没有意义的语子或形素被称

为空语子。而具有意义但是没有形式的语子或形素被称为零语子。

14. There are two kinds of relations between the morphemes within a word: linear order and

hierarchical order .在一个单词的语素之间存在两种关系：线性结构和层次结构。

15. In the IC Analysis of a word , the forms at the bottom of the tree-branch diagram are called

本文标签： 语言单词语音意义研究