2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷

admin管理员组

文章数量:1531399

2024年6月15日发(作者：)

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试预测题

精选专练VII（附带答案）

第1套

一.综合题(共25题)

1.单选题

I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will

（ ）everyone’s expectations.

问题1选项

down to

forward to

up to

on to

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项boil down to“归结为”；B选项look forward to“期待”；C选

项live up to“不辜负，做到”；D选项catch on to“理解，突然了解”。句意：我非常感谢公司

给我这样一个机会，并衷心希望我能_____大家的期望。考查了固定搭配live up to expectation“不

辜负……的期望”，这里表示“我能不辜负大家的期望”。因此C选项符合题意。

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

2.单选题

With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its（ ）.

问题1选项

ries

ints

ements

tions

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项boundaries“边界，界限”；B选项restraints“限制，禁止”；C

选项confinements“监禁”；D选项limitations“局限性，（限制）因素”。句意：尽管计算机有

许多优点，但它决不是没有（ ）。通过题干可以看出这里表达的意思是“计算机虽然优点很多，但

是也会有局限性”，因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last

captured the attention of average Americans, And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.

The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation’s moral

climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope

that new ideas will come forward to improve it.

But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and Individualism in American

society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that I’m in it for me has become deeply

rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms Elshtain says.

Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which

neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today’s greater mobility and with so

many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.

In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing

the U. S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans

are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high

rate of births to unmarried mothers.

The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament（挽歌）for some nonexistent “golden

age,” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful（一厢情愿的）longing for a time that denied

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.

Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in

society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can’t

be bought.”

sor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans（ ）.

moral decline of American society is caused mainly by（ ）.

of the following characterizes the traditional communities?

the 1950s, classroom violence（ ）.

ing to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed（ ）.

问题1选项

adapted to a new set of moral standards

longing for the return of the good old days

realized the importance of material things

awakening to the lowering of their moral standards

问题2选项

growing wealth

self-centeredness of individuals

stimating the impact of social changes

prejudice against women and minorities

问题3选项

mobility

is on individual effort

n for one’s neighbors

-weakening social bonds

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

问题4选项

something unheard of

ted a lot of public attention

by no means a rare occurrence

to appear in analysts’ data

问题5选项

people can return to the “golden age”

women and men enjoy equal rights

people rid themselves of prejudice

less emphasis is laid on material things

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第一段的第一二句话The decline in moral

standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention

of average Americans（道德标准的下降——长期以来一直困扰着社会分析人士——终于引起了普

通美国人的注意。）后文说Jean Bethke Elshtain对于这个很开心，由此可知D选项“意识到他们

道德标准的降低”正确。A、B、C在原文都没有提到，因此排除。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段第二句话Materialism and Individualism in

American society are the biggest obstacles.（美国社会的物质主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。）

从这句可以看出物质主义和个人主义这两点是美国社会最大的障碍，也是引发道德衰落的原因，由

此可知B选项“个人的自我中心”正确。而对物质财富的崇尚，和财富本身的增长没有直接联系，

因此A选项错误；C选项出现在第三段的第一句the challenge is not to be underestimated（挑

战不应被低估），这里的挑战就是指的Materialism和individualism，但是选项把challenge换成

了change，因此属于偷换概念，C选项错误；D选项出现在倒数第二段，根据篇章分析对这一段的说

明，这种歧视现象是过去那个道德水平较高时代的现象，因此绝不会是它引起了现今道德水平的下

降，因此D选项也错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到第四段Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration

of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says.（她

说，这在一定程度上可以归因于传统社区的解体，在传统社区中，邻居们互相照顾。）由此可见，对

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

邻居的关照是传统社区的特点，因此C选项“对邻居的关心”正确。A选项体现在With today’s

greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced

by a greater emphasis on self.（随着当今社会流动性的增强，以及如此多的夫妻都在工作，这

种纽带已经被削弱，取而代之的是对自我的更加强调。）这里提到了高流动性，高流动性实际应该是

指人口居住地不断变化，邻居之间相处时间不会很长，也就无法培养良好关系，当然也不会互相关

心互相照料。可以说A 是造成B和D的原因之一（另一原因是双职工——夫妻二人都去上班，也就

很少有机会和邻居交往），而B和D都是现今社会的特点，不是传统社区的特点，因此A、B、D不对。

4.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第五段Data show that Americans are struggling with

problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to

unmarried mothers（数据显示，美国人正艰难应对问题闻所未闻的1950年代，如课堂暴力和高速

率的未婚母亲。）开头是“数据表明”，后面是数据所显示的内容。Americans are struggling with

problems unheard of in the 1950s，美国人正在同许多问题做斗争，这些问题在五十年代闻所未

闻（unheard of），such as表示例举，说明classroom violence是problems的一个例子，由此可

得A选项“是闻所未闻的”正确。C的说法与A正好相反，by no means，绝非；rare，极少，双重

否定等于肯定，也就是说班级暴力在五十年代经常发生，是错误的；B的说法与A相互矛盾，既然闻

所未闻，也就不可能投入关注；D有一定迷惑性，按照句意，班级暴力肯定存在于分析家的数据中，

因为句头就有data show。但要注意，题目的开头有一句In the 1950s，也就是说班级暴力进入分

析家的数据是在50年代。班级暴力在那时尚且闻所未闻，当然是不可能进入分析数据的。

5.事实细节题。由题干关键词可以直接定位到最后一段，Moral decline will not be reversed until

people find ways to counter the materialism in society（除非人们找到对抗社会上物质主义

的方法，否则道德滑坡是不会逆转的。）因此D选项“如果不太重视物质的东西”正确。A和C都是

没有提到的，B选项不是它的条件。

4.单选题

The lights and music（ ）as we sailed away from the harbor.

问题1选项

eared

ed

d

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项faded“渐弱，褪色”；B选项disappeared“消失，失踪”；C选项

declined“下降，拒绝”；D选项stopped“停止，停顿”。句意：我们驶离港口时，灯光和音乐（ ）

下来。这里根据句意可以判断出要考的意思是“灯光和音乐渐渐弱了”，因此A选项符合题意。

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

5.单选题

Frank stormed into the room and（ ）the door, but it wasn’t that easy to close the door

on what Jack had said.

问题1选项

d

d

d

d

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项slashed“削减”；B选项slammed“砰地关上，猛烈抨击”；C选项

slipped“滑动”；D选项slapped“侮辱，拍击，掴……耳光”。句意：弗兰克冲进房间，_____的

一声关上了门，但要把杰克说的话关起来可不容易。这里是“砰的一声把门关上的意思”，只有B

选项可以表达这个意思，B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

The neighbors do not consider him quite（ ）as most evenings he awakens them with his drunken

singing.

问题1选项

ted

tive

tful

table

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respected“受尊敬的”；B选项respective“分别的，各自的”；

C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的，人格高尚的，相当数

量的”。句意：邻居们认为他不（ ），因为大多数晚上他都会用醉醺醺的歌声把他们吵醒。这里表

达的句意是“他不值得尊敬”，因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

The sun is very large in comparison with its nine（ ）planets which, in turn, are circled

by a total of thirty three satellites.

问题1选项

g

ng

nding

ng

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项cycling“骑脚踏车消遣，骑脚踏车兜风”；B选项whirling“旋

转”；C选项surrounding“周围的，附近的”；D选项orbiting“盘旋；绕轨道运行”。句意：与

九颗（ ）太阳运行的行星相比，太阳是非常大的，而九颗行星又由三十三颗卫星环绕着。这里考查

的是固定搭配orbiting planets“轨道行星”，因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Medical student learn to distinguish “acute”, which means something of recent onset, form

“chronic” which means a condition that will probably continue for a（ ）period of time.

问题1选项

ary

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

ntial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的，沮丧的，阴郁的”；B选项temporary“暂时的，

临时的”；C选项tough“艰苦的，困难的”；D选项substantial“大量的，实质的”。句意：医

科学生要学会区分“急性”（指近期发病）和“慢性”（指可能持续_____一段时间的病情）。跟前

一句对比，可以推断这里表达的应该是“大量的时间（很长的一段时间）”，因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

The World Health Organization has released a report about how disease weakens the economies

of poor countries. For years, people believed that good health is a direct result of strong

economic development. However, this study suggests the opposite is true. It says that strong

economic development is an important result of improved health.

An international committee of economists and experts in public health and policy carried

out the study. Some people say the study is the most complete examination to link financial

aids in health care to economic growth.

The study calls for a large increase in foreign aid for health care services in developing

countries. In the world’s richest countries, total spending for health care for each person

is almost $2, 000 a year. However, in the world’s poorest nations, spending on health care

for each person is only $13 a year.

The WHO says this amount should be increased to $38 a year for each person by 2015. The money

would help poor nations provide treatment for diseases. It would also provide babies with

important health care early in life.

Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard University led the study. He says about eight million lives could

be saved each year if the richest nations increased spending on health care in developing

countries. In addition, Mister Sachs says more than fifty of the world’s poorest countries

would have a chance to improve the living and economic conditions for their people.

The report also provides new information about how AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria（疟疾）

affect economic growth in developing countries. The researchers suggest 8, 000 million

dollars be provided each year to help fight these diseases.

The WHO plans to send the study to many officials around the world including heads of state,

ministers of finance, health and trade, members of national parliaments and non-governmental

organizations. It says the report is a valuable guide for future international health

programs, policies and financing.

relationship is there between economy and health according to the passage?

spending on health is increased in developing countries, the following will come true

except that（ ）.

ng on health care for each person in the world’s poorest countries in 2015 is

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

（ ）at present.

study will be sent to all the following except（ ）.

of the following is not mentioned in this passage?

问题1选项

e weakens the economies of rich countries.

has little effect on the economies of rich countries.

e results in weak economies.

health results from strong economic development.

问题2选项

million lives will be saved

in the poorest countries will have enough money for their living

poor countries will improve their living condition

ic conditions will be improved in the poorest countries

问题3选项

same as that

twice as much as that

three times as much as that

four times as much as that

问题4选项

s of non-governmental organizations and ministers of health

ers of finance and members of national parliaments

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 住在富人区的她

ers of trade and heads of state

s of international health programs

问题5选项

care for babies in poor countries has improved.

spending for health care is higher in rich countries than in poor ones.

the richest countries gave financial aids to developing countries, many lives could

be saved.

report will be sent to many officials around the world.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干问：根据文章，经济和健康之间的关系是什么？C选项“疾病导致经济

疲软”，定位到第一段第一句话The World Health Organization has released a report about how

disease weakens the economies of poor countries.（世界卫生组织发布了一份关于疾病如何削

弱贫穷国家经济的报告。）因此答案为C。A选项“疾病削弱了富裕国家的经济”，B选项“健康对富

裕国家的经济影响不大”，D选项“良好的健康源于强劲的经济发展”。

2.判断推理题。题干问：如果发展中国家花费在健康上的费用增加，那么以下除了哪个以外都会发

生？A选项“800万人的生命将被拯救”，B选项“最贫穷国家的人民将有足够的钱维持生活”，C

选项“50个贫穷国家将改善他们的生活条件”，D选项“最贫穷国家的经济状况将得到改善”；根

据题干定位到倒数第三段He says about eight million lives heir people.（他说，

大约800万条生命可能是……他们的人。）根据这一段话我们可以得出只有B选项是没有提及的，因

此答案为B。

3.事实细节题。题干问：2015年世界上最贫穷国家的每个人的卫生保健支出与现在相比是（ ）。C

选项“是现在的三倍”，根据题干可以定位到第三段和第四段spending on health care for each

person is only $13 a year（每人每年的卫生保健支出仅为13美元）以及The WHO says this amount

should be increased to $38 a year for each person by 2015（到2015年，这一数字应该增加

到每人每年38美元。）38美元接近是13美元的三倍，因此答案为C。A选项“与现在一样”，B选

项“是现在的两倍”，D选项“是现在的四倍”；

4.事实细节题。题干：这篇研究将会被送到以下所有地方，除了（ ）。A选项“非政府组织成员和卫

生部长”，B选项“财政部长和各国议会议员”，C选项“贸易部长和国家元首”，D选项“国际健

康计划的成员”；根据题干我们可以定位到最后一段plans to send the study to many officials

around the world including heads of state, ministers of finance, health and trade, members

of national parliaments and non-governmental organizations.（计划向世界各地的许多官员，

本文标签： 选项题干辨析