B1 Unit 4 Text 1 英汉对照

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Text One

Migratory Birds and Coffee

Introduction--Shade-grow coffee plantations

play a key role in the conservation of

migratory birds that have found a sanctuary

in he forest-like environment、 Read the

following fact sheet and learn more about it、

1． In both North and Latin

America, migratory birds have found a

sanctuary in the forest-like environment of

traditional coffee plantations、 In eastern

Chiapas, Mexico, biologists found that

traditionally-managed coffee and cacao

(chocolate) plantations support over 150

species of birds; a greater number is found

in other agricultural habitats, and exceeded

only in undisturbed tropical forest、 Even in

very disturbed areas, coffee plantations

support good populations of migrants and

other species that prefer or are restricted to

forest habitats, such as redstarts,

and

black-throated green warblers , and

residents

2． However, because of recent

changes in coffee production and marketing,

shade coffee plantations are a threatened

habitat、 In the past twenty years, coffee has

begun to be grown with no shade canopy at

all、 While this manner of cultivation

including parrots

woodcreepers、

课文一

Migratory Birds and Coffee

导语:侯鸟在类似森林环境的荫栽咖啡种植园

找到了栖息地,这些种植园在保护候鸟方面起

了重要作用。阅读下面的介绍,以了解更多这

方面的信息。

1、 在北美洲与拉丁美洲,候鸟在传统咖

啡种植园类似森林的环境中找到栖息地。生物

学家发现,在东恰帕斯与墨西哥,传统方式经营

的咖啡与可可(巧克力)种植园支持的鸟类超

过150种。在其她农业栖息地,发现的鸟类数

目更大,末受侵扰的热带森林才会超过这个数

目。即使在受到较大侵扰的地区,咖啡种植园

也支持为数可观的候鸟与其她鸟类。这些候鸟

与其她鸟类,如红尾鸟与黑喉绿莺,以及包括鹦

鹉与砍林鸟在内的居民,选择了森林栖息地,或

者仅限于森林栖息地。

2、 然而,由于近来咖啡生产与营销方面

的变化,荫栽咖啡种植园成了受到威胁的栖息

地。过去的20年里,开始不用任何荫遮来种植

咖啡。这样的种植方式提高了产量,同时,如果

没有精心管理(增加化肥与一定范围的除虫

剂、除草剂与杀菌剂),就不能持续多年高产。

produces increased yields, these cannot be

sustained for many years without intensive

management (additions of chemical

fertilizers and a range of insecticides,

herbicides and fungicides)、

3．Aside from the agronomic risks, sun

coffee production has resulted in major

habitat change for migratory birds in the

past two decades、 Of the permanent

cropland planted in coffee, the amount

under modern, reduced-shade coffee

systems ranges from 17% in Mexico to 40%

in Costa Rica and 69% in Colombia、 The

few studies that have been conducted have

found that the diversity of migratory birds

drops sharply when coffee is converted from

shade to sun、 One study found a decrease

from 10 to 4 common species of migratory

birds、 As for the overall avifauna, studies in

Colombia and Mexico found 94-97% fewer

bird species in sun grown coffee than in

shade grown coffee、 This comes as no

surprise since over two-thirds of the birds

are found in the canopy of shade plantations

and less than 10% are found in coffee

plants、

4．Of all agricultural systems in the

tropics, shade coffee plantations have been

found to have some of the highest numbers

of individuals and species of migratory birds:

•Chan Robbins and Alejandro Estrada,

leading a team of bird surveyors around

Mexico and the Caribbean Basin, found that

3、 除了农林方面的风险,日照咖啡生产

导致过去20年候鸟主要栖息地的变化。在种

植咖啡的永久性作物区,现代的,减少荫栽咖啡

的系统,其总量在墨西哥为17％,在哥斯达黎

力口为40％,在哥伦比亚为69％。已经进行的

为数不多的研究发现,当咖啡由遮荫变为日照,

候鸟种类就急剧下降。有一个研究发现,常见

候鸟种类从10减少到4。在哥伦比亚与墨西

哥的研究表明,区域鸟类总数在日照咖啡种植

区比荫栽咖啡种植区要少94-97％。这样的数

据并不令人吃惊,因为人们发现,树阴覆盖的种

植园可以瞧到的鸟类超过三分之二,而在日照

咖啡树丛里,鸟的种类不到十分之一。

4、 人们发现,在热带所有农业系统中,荫

栽咖啡种植园有一些数量较多的个体与候鸟

种类。尚・罗宾斯与亚历杭德罗・埃斯特拉达

率领一组鸟类调查人员活动在墨西哥与加勒

比盆地附近。她们发现,可可与咖啡种植园支

持农业栖息地的森林依赖性候鸟数量最大

本文标签： 咖啡候鸟鸟类种植园森林