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2024年7月13日发(作者:)
词形变化考查要点
部分动词后加“er”或“or”转化为表示动作实施者或指职业方面的名词。
一、加后缀-er的几种情况:
1. 一般情况,后缀er teach—teacher(教师) read—reader(读者) work—worker
speak—speaker clean—cleaner
2.以-e结尾的动词,直接加-r: drive-driver(司机) ride-rider(骑马者) save-saver(救星)
examine-examiner(主考人) manage-manager(经理)
练习:race- receive- write- dive-
3.由“辅音+元音+辅音”构成的单音节动词,-般要双写词尾的辅音后再加-er:cut-cutter(切
割者) dig-digger(挖掘者) rob-robber(强盗) run-runner(赛跑选手) win-winner hitter
(打 )getter( )putter( )setter( )sitter(坐者)swimmer( )但beg(乞讨)的
名词是beggar(乞丐)。
4.以-y结尾的动词,如果y前是元音字母,-般加后缀-er;如果y前是辅音字母应先将y变
为i再加-er
1)buy-buyer(买主) p1ay-player(运动员) destroy-destroyer(破坏者)
2)carry -carrier(搬运工) dry-drier(干燥机)
二、加后缀-or的几种情况
1.以-ate结尾的动词应先去掉e再加 -or;translate—translator operate(作手术)-operator(手术
者) create(创造)-creator(创造者) elevate(举起)-elevator(电梯) separate(分离)-separator(分离
者)
2.以-ct结尾的动词-般加-or: act-actor(演员) collect-collector(收集者) invent-inventor
3.以-ess结尾的动词-般加-or: profess(教)-professor(教授) 但dress(使穿衣)的名词是
dresser(穿衣者).
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4.以-it结尾的动词一般加 -or: visit-visitor(访问者) edit<编辑)-editor(编者)
三、动词转化为名词
1. 部分动词后加“ing”可转化为名词。如:mean-meaning;build-building;meet-meeting;
cross-crossing;turn-turning; find-finding; swim-swimming.
2. 部分动词后加“ion”、“ure”、“ment”等或其他形式也可转化为名词。主要有:invent-invention;
act-action;please-pleasure;die--death;appear—appearance;
3.特殊情况:fly-flight, develop---development, pronounce-pronunciation;know-knowledge;
enter-entrance;decide-decision;describe-description.
四、动词转化为形容词,具体包括四方面:
(1)有部分动词的过去分词可用作形容词,如:break-broken, speak-spoken, give-given;
marry-married.; tire-tired; close--closed; please-pleased; worry--worried
(2)表示情感方面的动词,后加“ed”或加“ing”都可构成形容词,但有别,一般后加“ed”的,如:
interest-interested,excite-excited,amaze-amazed,terrify-terrified,confuse-confused等一般用
在指人的名词或代词做句子主语,放在be,feel等系动词后做表语时;而后加“ing”的,如:
interest-interesting,excite-exciting,surprise-surprising,tire-tiring;bore-boring;convince-convincing
等一般用在指物的名词前做定语或指物的名词或代词作主语时,放在系动词be等后做表语
时。
The child is interested in interesting story books.
(3)少部分动词前加“a”可转化为作表语或作宾语补足语用的形容词。
如:sleep-asleep;live-alive;wake-awake.
(4)其他:die-dead;die-dying;sleep-sleepy;live-living;love-loving;please-pleasant;
enjoy-enjoyable;live-lively.
五、表示天气方面的名词,部分其他名词在词尾加y,e结尾的去e加y,重读闭音节结尾的
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双写后面辅音字母再加y后转变为形容词。如:
1).wind-windy; cloud-cloudy; rain-rainy; snow-snowy; shower-showery, mist(雾)-misty;
luck-lucky,dirt(污垢)- dirty; salt-salty; health-healthy; friend -friendly
2). sun-sunny; fog-foggy;
3). ice-icy; noise-noisy; 注:day-daily
六、(n. adj.)
1. 在名词词尾加ful: careful, useful, peaceful, colorful, forgetful, hopeful, helpful, wonderful,
successful, grateful=thankful, powerful; playful; beauty-beautiful, pain 疼痛 painful 痛苦的
2. 名词后加上-ern后转变为形容词形式。如:northeast-northeastern, east-eastern, south-southern,
west-western, north-northern,
3. 在名词词尾加-al: tradition-traditional; nation-national; internation-international; person-personal;
class-classical; profession-professional; education educational有教育意义的origin起源
original 新颖的;独创的
4. 去e后,在名词词尾加-al : nature-natural; medince-medical
5. enjoy-enjoyable; knowledge-knowledgeable; talent-talented; difference-different;
important-importance; friend-friendly; confident-confidence; danger-dangerous; pride-proud,
5. China-Chiniese; Japan-Japanese; America-American; Australia-Australian; Africa-African;
India-Indian; Russia-Russian; Italy-Italian; Brazil-Brazlian; Canada-Canadian;
Germany-German-Germans等等。
六、形容词变副词(adj. adv.)
1. 在形容词词尾直接加-ly. bright-brightly; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; wide-widely;
careful-carefully
brave—bravely;
bad-badly; beautiful-beautifully; safe—safely; polite—politely;
2. “辅音字母+y“结尾的,改y为i再加ly : happy-happily; angry-angrily; heavy-heavily; easy-easily;
busy-busily; noisy—noisily; healthy-healthily; lucky-luckily;
3. 以e结尾的词应注意变化,分以下四种情况;
A、直接加1y的情况;safe—safely; wide—widely; polite—politely; brave—bravely;
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B、以辅音字母+e结尾的,去e,加y: terrible—terribly; horrible—horrbily;
C、以元音字母加e结尾的形容词,去e再加ly: true—truly
4. 有些形容词,无任何变化,可直接用作副词:
fast, far, well, slow, quick, early …
七、其它词的变化:
(1)die(v.)-dead(adj.) -death(n.) asleep(adj/adv)-sleep(v.)
(2)one-first-once; two-second-twice;
(3)science-scientist; art-artist; tour-tourist; piano—pianist;
journey(journal)-journalist; violin-violinist, music--musician.
八、形容词转化为名词或同根词。如:safe-safety, high-height, long-length, happy-happiness,
true-truth, difficult-difficulty, confident-confindence. good-goodness(善良), kind-kindness(和
善) busy-business(生意,交易)
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