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Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
A) equipment
B) Exhausted
C) Tiring
D) dragged on
E) retreat
F) hit-and-run
G) nightmare
H) trapped
I) flee
J) at the cost
K) strength
L) limped
M) stroke
N) stuck
O) escaped
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to 1) from Moscow.
The French retreat turned into a 2) . From fields and forests, the Russians launched 3) attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter’s first snow came. 4) horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became 5) in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers 6) , leaving the dead along every mile.
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly 7) the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a 8) of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but 9) of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors 10) toward Vilna.
Answer：
E G F B N D H M J L
Section B
Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Terrorism may be viewed as the use of force or violence against persons or property to threaten or coerce (迫使) a government, a formal organization, or a civilian population for political, religious, or social objectives. Since terrorists commonly use violence against civilian targets, their actions are widely condemned as morally unacceptable. In practice, as with a great many other behaviors, what constitutes terrorism is a matter of social definition. When nations resort to violence to further their interests, the results are considered as being legal warfare. In many respects, terrorism is an extension of that approach by people who lack the armies of a state.
For many years the public, government officials, and scholars treated terrorism primarily as a “nuisance.” But recently, we have come to see terrorism as a new mode of warfare with far-reaching implications. Terrorism serves as an avenue of political expression for some militants (好战分子), whether they are motivated by ideology, ethnicity, or religion. However, what distinguishes much contemporary terrorism is not so much its motivation or purpose, but rather the extent of state involvement in carrying out well-planned and highly destructive acts against adversary nations.
Another feature of contemporary terrorism has been the extent to which it has become a media event. Terrorism is usually aimed at a media audience, not the actual victims. The act of media coverage also enhances the importance of “the problem” that led to the terrorist activities. Newspaper readers and television viewers see “the problem” as of much greater importance and as justifying national or international action.
- According to the passage, terrorism is widely unacceptable ______.
A) for its illegal actions
B) because it is often targeted at ordinary people
C) as it usually leads to death and hatred
D) for its violence - The word “approach” at the end of the first paragraph refers to ______.
A) legal warfare
B) establishing a state
C) furthering one’s interests via violence
D) terrorism - People used to ______.
A) underestimate the influence of terrorism
B) pay much attention to terrorism
C) suffer less from terrorists’ actions
D) have sympathy with the terrorists - Terrorism in the past ______.
A) had different objectives
B) had different motivations
C) was more influential
D) was less closely related to governments - Terrorists use media mainly ______.
A) to make their aim known to the world
B) to carry out violent actions
C) as an avenue of political expression
D) to condemn the adversary nations
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Given a good shopping position and the right amount of money available, an educated person ought to be able to make a small, steady living out of a bookshop. It is not a difficult trade to learn and the large chain-stores can never force the small independent bookseller out of existence as they have done to the corner shop and the local milkman. But the hours of work are very long ― I was only a part-time employee, but my employer put in a seventy-hour week, apart from regular journeys out of shopping hours to buy books. It is an unhealthy life too. As a rule a bookshop is very cold in winter, because if it is too warm the windows get steamed up, and a bookseller depends on the display in his windows trying to bring customers into his shop. Books give off more dust and dirtier dust than anything else yet invented, and the top of a book is the place where every fly prefers to die.
But the real reason why I should not like to be back in the book trade for life is that while I was in it, I lost my love of books. A bookseller cannot always tell the truth about his books, and that gives him a dislike for them; still worse is the fact that he is always dusting them and moving them to-and-fro. There was a time when I really did love books ― loved the sight and smell and feel of them ― if they were fifty or more years old, that is. Nothing pleased me quite so much as to buy a bargain lot of them for 50 pence at a country auction sale. There is a peculiar flavor about the knocked-about unexpected books you pick up in that kind of collection; little-known eighteenth-century poets, out-of-date geography books, one or two volumes of forgotten novels. For occasional reading ― in your bath, for instance, or late at night when you are too tired to go to sleep ― there is nothing as good as a very old picture storybook.
But as soon as I went to work in the bookshop I stopped buying books. Seen in a mass, five or ten thousand at a time, books were dull and even a little sickening. Nowadays I do buy one occasionally, but only if it is a book that I want to read and can’ t borrow, and I never buy rubbish.
- What does the author mean in the first sentence of the passage?
A) If an educated person wants to make a living, he should run a bookshop.
B) It is easy for an educated person to earn money by running a bookshop.
C) When an educated person is given a good shopping position and a certain amount of money he should open a bookshop.
D) If an educated person has proper money and finds a suitable shopping location, he could open a bookshop for steady income. - Running a bookshop is a good way to make a living because ________.
A) the owner will never be forced out of business by bigger shops
B) there are many corner shops to help
C) even the local milkmen come to buy books
D) the bookseller is independent - Bookshops are kept cold in winter because _______.
A) it is a rule which must be followed
B) booksellers want customers to see the display clearly through the windows
C) more customers come to buy books in winter
D) customers like them kept cold - All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ________.
A) the author was tired of cleaning books and moving them about in the bookshop
B) his telling lies about the books made him lose his love of them
C) running a bookshop is not a difficult trade to learn
D) the author did not like any books - The author once took great pleasure in _________.
A) buying old books and reading them occasionally
B) taking bath occasionally late at night
C) buying all kinds of books
D) buying books quite often which he was unable to borrow
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
El Nino means “little boy” in Spanish; when capitalized, it refers to the Christ child. This innocent-sounding name originated in the 19th century, when Peruvian sailors noticed that every few years around Christmastime, waters near the coasts warmed up and the current shifted southward. But this “little boy” plays havoc around the globe.
El Nino’s vast impact on humans has often been catastrophic. The El Nino of 1982?1983 inflicted $13 billion in damage and claimed some 2,000 lives. In Australia day turned to night when a dust storm blanketed Melbourne; brush fires raged in its wake. In place of its normal monsoon, Southern India got dried-up crops and the threat of mass starvation. At the same time, violent rainstorms devastated the Western Hemisphere: Peru’s fishing industry once one of the richest in the world was wiped out, and seaside towns were washed into the Pacific.
Is there a good side to El Nino? There can be. Zebiak notes that the number of tropical hurricanes in the Atlantic is reduced during an El Nino year. One theory is that winds created by El Nino shear off the tops of Atlantic hurricanes, aborting them before they reach full force. And a team of scientists in Israel who study tree rings and satellite cloud pictures concluded that El Nino may bring precious moisture to the thirsty Middle East. "It is perhaps fitting that El Nino the Christ child should have a link to the Holy Land,” notes scientist Dan Yakir.
This year, scientists around the world are keeping a sharp eye on El Nino. They know that the greater the temperature rise in Pacific waters off South America, the more powerful the El Nino. And this year’s waters have heated up unusually fast.
El Nino’s effects won’t just be climatic, of course the global economy is sure to suffer as well. Drought in Brazil and flooding in Colombia may result in higher prices for coffee and other crops. And fishing industries from Ecuador to California are already being hurt.
Clearly, the more accurately scientists can forecast El Nino, the more people everywhere can prepare. Insurance companies, farmers, power and irrigation companies, public-safety agencies and even tourist boards could benefit from knowing in advance when El Nino will strike.
“Reliable forecasting is still in its infancy,” states Mark Cane. Someday, perhaps, scientists will be able to predict exactly how El Nino will behave. But for now, batten down the hatches and get ready for some wild weather!
- The phrase “play havoc” in paragraph 1 means “ _____________________”.
A) cause trouble, damage or destruction
B) bring benefit or happiness
C) play an important role
D) have greenhouse effect - According to one theory mentioned in paragraph 3, _______.
A) the winds created by El Nino will strengthen Atlantic hurricanes
B) the winds created by El Nino can stop Atlantic hurricanes from reaching full force
C) El Nino may bring floods to Middle East which is regarded as the Holy Land
D) El Nino will not bring disaster to the Holy Land, because it is the Christ child - All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ________.
A) there are both good and bad sides to El Nino
B) El Nino causes global economy to suffer a lot
C) El Nino may bring precious moisture to the thirsty Middle East
D) the El Nino of 1982?1983 caused little damage to Peru’s fishing industry - From the phrase “in its infancy” of the last paragraph, we can infer that _________.
A) the forecasting of El Nino is reliable
B) insurance companies and farmers benefit a lot from the forecasting of El Nino
C) the forecasting of El Nino has only just started to develop
D) scientists can already predict exactly how El Nino will behave now - From the passage we can see the author’s attitude toward El Nino is ___________________.
A) optimistic
B) pessimistic
C) supportive
D) objective
Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
We are all inclined to believe that our generation is more civilized than the generation that preceded ours. From time to time, there is even some substantial evidence that we hold in higher regard such civilized attributes as compassion, pity, remorse (懊悔), intelligence and a respect for the customs of people different from ourselves.
Why war then?
Some pessimistic historians think the whole society of man runs in cycles and that one of the phases is war. The optimists, on the other hand, think war is not like an eclipse (日食) or a flood or a spell of bad weather. They believe that it is more like a disease for which a cure could be found if the causes were known.
Because war is the ultimate drama of life and death stories and pictures of it are more interesting than those about peace. This is so true that all of us, and perhaps those of us in television more than most, are often caught up in the action of war to the exclusion of the ideas of it.
If it is true, as we would like to think it is, that our age is more civilized than ages past, we must all agree that it’s very strange that in the twentieth century, our century, we have killed more than 70 million of our fellowmen on purpose, at war. It is very strange that since 1900 more men have killed more other men than in any other seventy years in history.
Probably the reason we are able to do both, that is, believe on the one hand that we are more civilized and on the other hand wage war to kill ― is that killing is not so personal an affair as it once was. The enemy is invisible. One man doesn’t look another in the eye and run him through with a sword. The enemy dead or alive is largely unseen. He is killed by remote control: a loud noise, a distant puff of smoke and then silence.
The pictures of the victim’s wife and children, which he carries in his breast pocket, are destroyed with him. He is not heard to cry out. The question of compassion or pity or remorse does not enter into it. The enemy is not a man; he is a statistic. It is true, too, that more people are being killed at war now than previously because we’re better at doing it than we used to be. One man with one modern weapon can kill thousands.
- In modern wars more people get killed because _____.
A) people are more cruel
B) people don’t care others’ lives
C) people have more advanced weapons
D) people are more civilized - In what way are we more civilized than the ancients?
A) We can kill more people.
B) We respect those people different from us.
C) We have more interesting stories of war.
D) We don’t think of killing as a personal affair anymore. - In modern war the enemy is treated as _____.
A) an animal
B) a victim
C) a man
D) a statistic without life - How is the enemy killed in modern war?
A) By an opponent running him through with a sword.
B) By a man who knows him well.
C) By remote control.
D) By a puff of smoke. - What is the attitude of the author toward war?
A) Negative.
B) Supportive.
C) Neutral.
D) Indifferent.
Vocabulary and Structure
Section A
Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
- Some diseases are ______ by certain water animals.
A) transplanted
B) transformed
C) transported
D) transmitted - The new safety regulations were agreed on after _____ with the workforce.
A) conference
B) intervention
C) consultation
D) assembly - She continued to type as fast as ever, though her thumb was badly swollen ______ a hurt.
A) in
B) for
C) with
D) from - Robert will never _____ anything unless he works harder.
A) head for
B) come to
C) account for
D) amount to - As it had not rained for several months, there was a _____ of water.
A) waste
B) drop
C) loss
D) shortage - A ______ wind was blowing from the water.
A) staff
B) stiff
C) stuff
D) stuffy - Plants _____ their own food by photosynthesis.
A) promote
B) manufacture
C) grow
D) raise - Many of the shopkeepers are poor. There isn’t much _____ in this town.
A) prosperity
B) advantage
C) failure
D) indigence - He went into _______ to escape political imprisonment.
A) trouble
B) exit
C) exile
D) action - Sulphur is _____ in Japan and is found elsewhere in Asia in association with volcanic activity.
A) sufficient
B) abundant
C) numerous
D) considerable - The self-discipline required to ________ myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable.
A) draft
B) drink
C) drain
D) drag - The Russians were attacked and forced to _____.
A) advance
B) retire
C) retreat
D) draw - Don’t ___________ him. He looks stupid but he has great intelligence.
A) undertake
B) underestimate
C) undergo
D) underlay - I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _____ traffic jam.
A) in line with
B) for the sake of
C) in case of
D) at the risk of - The blow to his head was strong enough to _____ him unable to speak.
A) become
B) give
C) render
D) asset - Children in our country are taught to _____ the right-and-wrong principle through thick and thin.
A) take to
B) see to
C) stick to
D) live up to - You’ll have to _____ the ladder to reach the top shelf.
A) moor
B) mount
C) mound
D) mould - At the first _______ of twelve all the workers in the factory stopped for lunch.
A) strike
B) bell
C) stroke
D) hit - The mechanic said that the work would be done quickly, but he would not _____ himself to a specific time.
A) admit
B) permit
C) commit
D) submit - A tree fallen across the road was a(n) ______ to our car and we had to push it away.
A) difficulty
B) stop
C) help
D) obstacle - Oxford University is to ________ with controversial reforms of the way it is run, including plans to hand more power to business despite growing opposition among some deans.
A) press upon
B) press onto
C) press ahead
D) press into - Greater effort is needed to ______ children in road safety.
A) conduct
B) tutor
C) inform
D) instruct - Napoleon was sent into ______ on an island after his failure at Waterloo.
A) exile
B) excess
C) excel
D) access - The speech which he made ______ the project has bothered me greatly.
A) being concerned
B) concerned
C) concerning
D) be concerned - The changes to the national health system will first be _____ in some provinces for a try next year and carried out all over the country based on the experience later.
A) fulfilled
B) popularized
C) implemented
D) drafted - The 5.12 Earthquake _______ thousands of people homeless in Sichuan.
A) caused
B) rendered
C) leaded
D) resulted - By the time the ________ ended, the citizens were nearly starving.
A) sieve
B) saga
C) sage
D) siege - Having lost our way, we were _____ to spend the night in the forest.
A) obliged
B) decided
C) intended
D) remained - We have to raise our prices because of the increase in the cost of ______ materials.
A) raw
B) rough
C) original
D) primitive - One of the urgent tasks the company managers are faced with at present is to _____ the world market.
A) export
B) explode
C) exploit
D) expose - I know it’s somewhere off Silver Street but I just can’t _____ where it is.
A) specify
B) specialize
C) memorize
D) realize - In each dynasty, the toughest problem the king was facing was to decide which son would be his successor and _____ of the country.
A) take in charge
B) take command
C) take responsibility
D) take control - Before the gases are discharged into the atmosphere they must be _____ harmless.
A) rendered
B) disposed
C) handled
D) converted - This dress material is durable and will _____ repeated washings.
A) stand up
B) put up with
C) withstand
D) endure - The gymnast seemed to _____ to give a performance on the balance beam.
A) exercise herself
B) signify her readiness
C) be poised
D) be trained - The teachers ______ themselves with planning out the work of the coming semester.
A) employed
B) involved
C) occupied
D) engaged - The soldier tried not to show his ______ when he saw the enemy.
A) anger
B) frighten
C) sorrow
D) fright - The basic aim of the establishment of this institution is the _______ of H1N1.
A) conquest
B) fight
C) work
D) treatment - The shock of her daughter’s death _______ her unable to remain calm.
A) caused
B) had
C) enabled
D) rendered - One day the lady met with a real ______ who had been sleeping on the streets for years.
A) down-and-out
B) down-to-earth
C) out-and-out
D) in-and-out
以上试卷得分为93分，主要是后半部分选择题答案不确定
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