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实验拓扑
先按照拓扑把基本的IP配置好，名字也要改。
R1-gw配置
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#ho R1-gw
R1-gw(config)#int g0/0
R1-gw(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.252 255.255.255.0
R1-gw(config-if)#no sh
R1-gw(config-if)#ex
R1-gw(config)#int g0/1
R1-gw(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1-gw(config-if)#no sh
R1-gw(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.2
R1-gw(config)#int g0/0
R1-gw(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254 #1是组ID，虚拟网关192.168.1.254
R1-gw(config-if)#standby 1 priority 200 #priority优先级
R1-gw(config-if)#standby 1 preempt #preempt詹先权，这里可以省略，因为R1本来就是活路由跃，但是我个人习惯还是配一下。
R1-gw(config-if)#standby 1 track g0/1 #跟踪外网接口，只可惜这个模拟器不支持后面自定义值，标准写法应该是可以自定值standby 1 track g0/1 50
R1-gw(config-if)#ex
R1-gw(config)#ex
R1-gw#
R1-gw#show standby brief #查看热备状况
P indicates configured to preempt.
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接口 组ID 优先级 詹先权 状态 活跃状态 备份 虚拟IP
Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Gig0/0 1 200 P Active local 192.168.1.253 192.168.1.254
本地活跃
R1-gw#
说明：standby 1 track g0/1 跟踪外网接口这一项其实是可以直接自定义值的，只可惜这个模拟器不支持后面自定义值，自定义值写法应该是这样：standby 1 track g0/1 50，50就是我们自定义的值，意思就是发现外网断开之后优先级自动降值50。我们等下端口活跃路由看一下它默认是将多少。
R2-gw配置
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#ho R2-gw
R2-gw(config)#int g0/0
R2-gw(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.253 255.255.255.0
R2-gw(config-if)#no sh
R2-gw(config)#int g0/1
R2-gw(config-if)#ip add 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2-gw(config-if)#no sh
R2-gw(config-if)#
R2-gw(config-if)#
R2-gw(config-if)#ho R2-gw
R2-gw(config)#
R2-gw(config)#
R2-gw(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.1.1.2
R2-gw(config)#
R2-gw(config)#int g0/0
R2-gw(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254
R2-gw(config-if)#standby 1 priority
R2-gw(config-if)#standby 1 priority 190 #priority优先级
R2-gw(config-if)#standby 1 preempt #詹先权，备份路由器一定要配这个`不可省略`
R2-gw(config-if)#
#备份路由器不需要配置跟踪，但是如果还有其他路由器就必须配
R2-gw#show standby brief #
P indicates configured to preempt.（P是詹先权）
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接口 组ID 优先级 詹先权 状态 活跃状态 备份 虚拟IP
Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Gig0/0 1 190 P Standby 192.168.1.252 local 192.168.1.254
1.252活跃 本地是备份
R2-gw#
R3配置
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#ho R3
R3(config)#int g0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#int g0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 20.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#
R3(config)#int g0/2
R3(config-if)#ip add 30.1.1.254 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.1.1.1 #为了实验成功，让他作为回执路由，不然等会我们断开R1的g0/0，备份路由器就算接管，也没有回执路由还是ping不通的,我们就看不到效果。
R3(config)#
说明：为了实验成功，我们在R3上面配置默认路由下一条为20.1.1.1。让他作为PC1pingPC3的回执路由，不然等会我们断开R1的g0/0，备份路由器就算接管，也没有回执路由还是ping不通的,我们就看不到效果。其实只要我们后面学习了nat，就不需要这样了。
验证连通性
分别用PC1、PC2来ping PC3
PC1>PC3
C:\>ping 30.1.1.1
Pinging 30.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 30.1.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
PC2>PC3
C:\>ping 30.1.1.1
Pinging 30.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 30.1.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
验证R1-gw死了的状况
这里我们断开R1-gw的g0/1，通过查看热备状况来看实验效果。
R1-gw(config)#int g0/0
R1-gw(config-if)#sh
R1-gw(config-if)#shutdown
R1-gw(config-if)#
%HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/0 Grp 1 state Active -> Init
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to administratively down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to down
上面我们已经断开了活跃路由器，我们再次用PC1 ping PC3
C:\>ping 30.1.1.1
Pinging 30.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 30.1.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
C:\>
还是通的，说明备份路由器R2已经接管了。只是在切换的时候有2-3秒不通的情况。但是据我所知在真机中是不会的，因为它有各种机制使得切换速度很快。类似于机房双电源切换一样，切换服务器不关机，速度太快服务器都没有反应过来。
我们来查看一下R2
%HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/0 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active #状态存备份变为活跃
R2-gw>en
R2-gw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2-gw(config)#show stan
R2-gw(config)#do show stan b
P indicates configured to preempt.
|
Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Gig0/0 1 190 P Active local unknown 192.168.1.254
活跃路由死了
验证R1-gw自降优先级的状况
断开R1的g0/1接口
R1-gw(config)#int g0/1
R1-gw(config-if)#shutdown
R1-gw(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down
C:\>ping 30.1.1.1
Pinging 30.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.1.252: Destination host unreachable.
Reply from 192.168.1.252: Destination host unreachable.
Request timed out.
Ping statistics for 30.1.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),
无法ping通，说明备份路由器R2没有抢过来。
再次查看一下R2
R2-gw(config)#
%HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/0 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby
R2-gw(config)#
R2-gw(config)#do show stan b
P indicates configured to preempt.
|
Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Gig0/0 1 190 P Standby 192.168.1.252 local 192.168.1.254
再来查看R1
R1-gw(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down
R1-gw(config-if)#
R1-gw(config-if)#
R1-gw(config-if)#do show stan b
P indicates configured to preempt.
|
Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Gig0/0 1 190 P Active local 192.168.1.253 192.168.1.254
R1-gw(config-if)#
R1-gw#
确实是没抢过来，说明R1的优先级还是高于R2的190，同时说明活跃路由器R1自降的值不够小于或等于10。那我们如果看到它到底降了多少呢？
R1-gw#show standby
GigabitEthernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Active #当前是活跃状态
15 state changes, last state change 01:56:56
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.254
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0C07.AC01
Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0C07.AC01 (v1 default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 2.052 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is local
Standby router is 192.168.1.253, priority 190 (expires in 7 sec) #备份路由器信息
Priority 190 (configured 200) #本地优先级原为200，现在降为190
Track interface GigabitEthernet0/1 state Down decrement 10 #跟踪到g0/1接口状态为Down，自降值10
Group name is hsrp-Gig0/0-1 (default)
R1-gw#
现在的状况就是R1和R2都是190，这就尴尬了！那怎么办呢？有两种方法：
- 把R1优先级从原来的200手动更改为195；
- 把R2优先级从原来的190手动更改为195；
这里我们选择前者：
R1-gw(config)#int g0/0
R1-gw(config-if)#standby 1 priority 195
R1-gw(config-if)#end
R1-gw#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1-gw#s
%HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/0 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby
R1-gw#sh stan
R1-gw#sh standby
GigabitEthernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Standby #本地备份
19 state changes, last state change 02:17:35
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.254
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0C07.AC01
Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0C07.AC01 (v1 default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 0.983 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is 192.168.1.253, priority 190 (expires in 7 sec)
MAC address is 0000.0C07.AC01
Standby router is local
Priority 185 (configured 195) #原为195现在降值10，变为185
Track interface GigabitEthernet0/1 state Down decrement 10
Group name is hsrp-Gig0/0-1 (default)
R1-gw#
R2接管成功。我们再次用PC1 ping PC3
C:\>ping 30.1.1.1
Pinging 30.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 30.1.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
C:\>
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