大学英语六级分类模拟题441

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2023年12月25日发(作者：)

大学英语六级分类模拟题441

(总分：594.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

二、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)

A Nation That"s Losing Its Toolbox

A．The scene inside the Home Depot on Weyman Avenue here would give the old-time American craftsman

pause. In Aisle 34 is precut plastic flooring, the glue already in place. In Aisle 26 are

prefabricated windows. Stacked near the checkout counters, and as colorful as a Fisher-Price toy,

is a not-so-serious-looking power took a battery-operated saw-and-drill combination. And if you

don"t want to do it yourself, head to Aisle 23 or Aisle 35, where a help desk will arrange for

an installer.

B．It"s all very handy stuff, I guess, a convenient way to be a do-it-yourselfer without being

all that good with tools. But at a time when the American factory seems to be a shrinking presence,

and when good manufacturing jobs have vanished, perhaps never to return, there is something deeply

troubling about this dilution of American craftsmanship.

C．This isn"t a lament (伤感)—or not merely a lament—for bygone times. It"s a social and cultural

issue, as well as an economic one. The Home Depot approach to craftsmanship—simplify it, dumb

it down, hire a contractor—is one signal that mastering tools and working with one"s hands is

receding in America as a hobby, as a valued skill, as a cultural influence that shaped thinking

and behavior in vast sections of the country.

D．That should be a matter of concern in a presidential election year. Yet neither Barack Obama

nor Mitt Romney promotes himself as tool-savvy (使用工具很在行的) presidential timber, in the

mold of a Jimmy Carter, a skilled carpenter and cabinet maker.

E．The Obama administration does worry publicly about manufacturing, a first cousin of

craftsmanship. When the Ford Motor Company, for example, recently announced that it was bringing

some production home, the White House cheered. "When you see things like Ford moving new production

from Mexico to Detroit, instead of the other way around, you know things are changing," says Gene

Sperling, director of the National Economic Council.

F．Ask the administration or the Republicans or most academics why America needs more manufacturing,

and they respond that manufacturing gives birth to innovation, brings down the trade deficit,

strengthens the dollar, generates jobs, arms the military and brings about a recovery from

recession. But rarely, if ever, do they publicly take the argument a step further, asserting that

a growing manufacturing sector encourages craftsmanship and that craftsmanship is, if not a

birthright, then a vital ingredient of the American self-image as a can-do, inventive,

we-can-make-anything people.

G．Traditional vocational training in public high schools is gradually declining, stranding

thousands of young people who seek training for a craft without going to college. Colleges, for

their part, have since 1985 graduated fewer chemical, mechanical, industrial and metallurgical

(冶金的) engineers, partly in response to the reduced role of manufacturing, a big employer of

them.

H．The decline started in the 1950s, when manufacturing generated a sturdy 28% of the national

income, or gross domestic product, and employed one-third of the workforce. Today, factory output

generates lust 12% of G.D.P. and employs barely 9% of the nation"s workers.

I．Mass layoffs and plant closings have drawn plenty of headlines and public debate over the years,

and they still occasionally do. But the damage to skill and craftsmanship—what"s needed to build

a complex airliner or a tractor, or for a worker to move up from assembler to machinist to

supervisor—went largely unnoticed.

J．"In an earlier generation, we lost our connection to the land, and now we are losing our

connection to the machinery we depend on," says Michael Hour, a sociologist at the University

of California, Berkeley. "People who work with their hands," he went on, "are doing things today

that we call service jobs, in restaurants and laundries, or in medical technology and the like."

K．That"s one explanation for the decline in traditional craftsmanship. Lack of interest is another.

The big money is in fields like finance. Starting in the 1980s, skill in finance grew in importance,

and, as depicted in the news media and the movies, became a more appealing source of income. By

last year, Wall Street traders, bankers and those who deal in real estate generated 21% of the

national income, double their share in the 1950s. And Warren Buffett, the good-natured financier,

became a homespun folk hero, without the tools and overalls (工作服).

L．"Young people grow up without developing the skills to fix things around the house," says Richard

Curtin, director of the Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers. "They know

about computers, of course, but they don"t know how to build them."

M．Manufacturing"s shrinking presence undoubtedly helps explain the decline in craftsmanship,

if only because many of the nation"s assembly line workers were skilled in craft work, if not

on the job then in their spare time. In a late 1990s study of blue-collar employees at a General

Motors plant (now closed) in Linden, N. J., the sociologist Ruth Milkman of City University of

New York found that many line workers, in their off-hours, did home renovation and other skilled

work. "I have often thought," Ms. Milkman says, "that these extracurricular jobs were an effort

on the part of the workers to regain their dignity after suffering the degradation of repetitive

assembly line work in the factory."

N．Craft work has higher status in nations like Germany, which invests in apprenticeship (学徒) programs for high school students. "Corporations in Germany realized that there was an interest

to be served economically and patriotically in building up a skilled labor force at home; we never

had that ethos (风气)," says Richard Sennett, a New York University sociologist who has written

about the connection of craft and culture.

O．The damage to American craftsmanship seems to parallel the steep slide in manufacturing

employment. Though the decline started in the 1970s, it became much steeper beginning in 2000.

Since then, some 5.3 million jobs, or one-third of the workforce in manufacturing, have been lost.

A stated goal of the Obama administration is to restore a big chunk of this employment, along

with the multitude of skills that many of the jobs required.

P．As for craftsmanship itself, the issue is how to preserve it as a valued skill in the general

population. Ms. Milkman, the sociologist, argues that American craftsmanship isn"t disappearing

as quickly as some would argue—hat it has instead shifted to immigrants. "Pride in craft, it

is alive in the immigrant world," she says. Sol Axelrod, 37, the manager of the Home Depot here,

fittingly learned to fix his own car as a teenager, even changing the brakes. Now he finds immigrant

craftsmen gathered in abundance outside his store in the early morning, waiting for it to open

so they can buy supplies for the day"s work as contractors. Skilled day laborers, also mostly

immigrants, wait quietly in hopes of being hired by the contractors.

Q．Mr. Axelrod also says the recession and persistently high unemployment have forced many people

to try to save money by doing more themselves, and Home Depot in response offers classes in fixing

water taps and other simple repairs. The teachers are store employees, many of them older and

semi-retired from a skilled trade, or laid off. "Our customers may not be building cabinets or

outdoor decks; we try to do that for them," Mr. Axelrod says, "but some are trying to build up

skill so they can do more for themselves in these hard times."（分数：71.00）

(1).Mastering tools and working with one"s hands used to be a valued skill in America.（分数：7.10）

解析：C[解析] 细节推断题。C段阐述的是作者担忧美国手艺行业日渐衰落。精通工具、能够靠手艺吃饭曾经是一项十分珍贵的技能。题干中的used to be a valued skill与原文中的as a valued

skill相对应，故选C。

(2).The fact that people can make more money in fields other than manufacturing contributes to

the decline of craftsmanship.（分数：7.10）

解析：K[解析] 细节辨认题。K段介绍手艺行业衰败的另一方面的原因：利益缺失。题干中的make more money与原文中的The big money相对应；contributes to与原文中的explanation for相对应，题干是对答案句的总结，故选K。

(3).High school students are losing opportunities of learning a traditional craft at school.（分数：7.10）

解析：G[解析] 同义转述题。G段讲述的是高中和大学中传统手艺的发展情况，公立高中传统的职业训练正在日益减少。题干中的losing opportunities与原文中的declining和stranding相对应；题干中的learning a traditional craft at school与原文中的vocational training相对应，故选G。strand的意思是“使搁浅，使滞留，使处于困境”，文中指由于公立高中的职业培训课程正日益减少，致使那些不想上大学而且想学习手艺的学生的愿望无法实现。

(4).Compared with German counterparts, American companies did not work towards encouraging

craftsmanship.（分数：7.10）

解析：N[解析] 细节推断题。N段讲述了德国对待手艺行业的态度和做法。在德国，手艺活的地位是十分高的。无论是从经济还是从爱国的角度考虑，德国公司都认为培养国内的技术劳动力是符合自身利益的。题干中的did not work towards与原文中的we never had that ethos相对应，故选N。

(5).Barack Obama did not present himself as skilled in craft work during his election campaign.（分数：7.10）

解析：D[解析] 细节推断题。D段阐述的是总统们在竞选时怎样看待手艺行业。题干中的election campaign与原文中的election year相对应，故选D。

(6).Some people are trying to ride out the economic depression by doing more themselves.（分数：7.10）

解析：Q[解析] 同义转述题。Q段主要阐述的是在经济衰退期间，人们大多感到手头紧张，有些人开始尝试自己多做一些事，从而节约成本。题干中的economic depression与原文中的hard times相对应，故选Q。

(7).There is insufficient attention to the negative effects on craftsmanship produced by the

decline of manufacturing.（分数：7.10）

解析：I[解析] 细节推断题。I段主要阐述的是制造行业的大量裁员和工厂倒闭对于传统手艺来说会产生很大的影响，但是这个影响还没有引起人们的重视。题干中的insufficient attention与原文中的went

largely unnoticed相对应；negative effects与原文中的the damage相对应，故选I。

(8).Most politicians or scholars fail to point out that manufacturing promotes craftsmanship.（分数：7.10）

解析：F[解析] 细节辨认题。F段阐述的是政府、共和党人和大多数学术界人士几乎没有人就制造业对传统手艺的影响发表评论。题干中的politicians or scholars与原文中的administration, or the

Republicans or most academics相对应；manufacturing promotes craftsmanship与原文中的manufacturing sector encourages craftsmanship相对应，故选F。

(9).A sociologist argues that American craftsmanship, instead of disappearing, is being taken

up by immigrants.（分数：7.10）

解析：P[解析] 细节辨认题。P段主要阐述的是美国的传统手艺在移民人士中的发展情况。题干中的instead

of disappearing与原文中的isn"t disappearing相对应；being taken up by immigrants与原文中的shifted to immigrants相对应，故选P。

(10).A study found that many assembly line workers did skilled work in their off-hours to restore

their dignity as craftsmen.（分数：7.10）

解析：M[解析] 细节辨认题。M段阐述的是，流水线作业致使拥有手艺的人没有用武之地，但是这些人可以在闲暇时间自己动手干活，找回自己作为手艺人的尊严。题干中的restore their dignity与原文中的

regain their dignity相对应；文章中的extracurricular jobs代指的是上一句中的home renovation and

other skilled work，这正好与题干中的skilled work相对应，故选M。

三、Part Ⅱ Translation(总题数：10，分数：523.00)

1.孟子(Mencius)是战国时期(the Warring States Period)一位伟大的思想家、教育家。他的哲学思想与孔子(Confucius)是一脉相承的，孔子去世100年后，孟子传授并发展了孔子的学说，这使得他在儒家思想(Confucianism)领域的地位仅次于孔子本人。孟子认为“人性本善”，是社会的影响引发了道德的堕落，因此十分重视道德教育。孟子的母亲在他的生命中扮演了重要的角色，她曾三度迁居，只为了帮助她的孩子找到一个合适的成长环境。

（分数：106.50）

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正确答案：()

解析：Mencius is a great thinker and educator in the Warring States Period. His ideas have origin

in Confucius" thoughts. A hundred years after Confucius died, Mencius taught and expanded

Confucian doctrine, making him second only to Confucius himself in the domain of Confucianism.

He believes that human nature is essentially good, and it is society"s influence that contributes

to the degradation of morality. So he attaches great importance to moral education. Mencius" mother

played an important role in his life. She moved three times to find an environment that she felt

suitable for the child"s upbringing.

2.“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。茶是中国的饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

（分数：106.50）

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正确答案：()

解析："Would you like tea or coffee?" is a question frequently asked to the dinning people. The

westerners tend to choose coffee, while the Chinese usually prefer to tea. Legend has it that

tea was found by a Chinese emperor 5,000 years ago and used to cure illnesses. During the Ming

and Qing Dynasties, tea houses were almost everywhere across China. Tea-drinking spread to Japan

as early as in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century that tea was brought to

Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. As a common

beverage in China, tea constitutes an important part of the tradition and culture of the country.

3.广寒宫(the Moon Palace)指的是月球上的宫殿。传说里面居住着月亮女神嫦娥、玉兔(the Jade Rabbit)和樵夫吴刚(woodcutter Wu Gang)。嫦娥原本是一个凡间女子。她偷吃了丈夫后羿的长生不老的神药(pill

of immortality)飞到了月宫，然后她成了中国的月亮女神。关于嫦娥最好的朋友玉兔有许多种传说。人们普遍认为，它被送到月宫以缓解嫦娥的孤独。它整天都忙于捣药(pestling medicinal materials)以研制可以帮助嫦娥返回地球的药丸。但是，它从未成功过。

（分数：17.00）

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正确答案：()

解析：The Moon Palace refers to the palace on the moon. Legend goes that it is inhabited by the

goddess of the moon—Chang E, the Jade Rabbit and the woodcutter Wu Gang. Chang E was a human

in the mortal world. Chang E stole his husband"s pill of immortality, ate it and flew to the moon

and then she became the Chinese goddess of the moon. There were many versions about the background

of the goddess" best friend—the Jade Rabbit. It was widely believed that it was sent to the palace

to alleviate Change E"s sorrowful solitude. It was busy all day long, pestling medicinal materials

in efforts to make a pill that could help the goddess return to the earth. However, it never

succeeded.

4.茶对中国文化有着深远的影响。在中国社会，年轻一辈常常向老一辈敬茶以表示对他们的尊敬。中国人在家庭聚会时也会喝茶。子女们很少有时间回来探望父母，父母也很少见到他们的孙子。因此，去餐馆和喝茶成了家庭聚会的一项重要活动。此外，在中国文化里，人们会以倒茶的方式，向别人表示深重的歉意。向老一辈敬茶以表示谢意同样是婚礼上的重要 礼仪 (etiquette)。在中国传统婚礼上，新郎和新娘都要跪在父母面前，向他们敬茶。

（分数：106.50）

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正确答案：()

解析：Tea has a profound influence on Chinese culture. In Chinese society, the younger generation

always shows their respect to the older generation by offering a cup of tea. Chinese also drink

tea at a family gathering. Sons and daughters have few times to visit their parents, and parents

may seldom meet their grandchildren as well. Therefore, going to restaurants and drinking tea

becomes an important activity for family gatherings. Besides, in Chinese culture, people make

serious apologies to others by pouring tea for them. Serving tea to express thanks to your elders

is also an important etiquette on one"s wedding day. In the traditional Chinese marriage ceremony,

both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea.

5.长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。中国人修筑长城的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期(Warring States period)。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到6700公里。当时，中国的技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。

（分数：106.50）

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正确答案：()

解析：The Great Wall is (1) a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great

Wall each year, making its most popular sites (2) besieged by (3) hordes of tourists during (4)

busy season . The Chinese have a long history of building walls, (5) dating from the Warring States

period. In history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty

being the longest, extending 6,700 kin. China was the most technology-advanced nation in the world

then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to (6) ward off the

invasion of nomads from the north. [解析] (1)“奇迹”在英语中一般用wonder表达。

(2)“挤得水泄不通”可译为besieged by。

(3)“成群结队的游客”可译为hordes of tourists或者a huge crowd of tourists。

(4)“旺季”可译为busy seasons。旺季就是热销的季节，生意也就特别忙．所以这里用“忙活的季节”来翻译。“淡季”相应的翻译为slack seasons。

(5)“追溯”常翻译为dating from。常用来表示“追溯”的短语还有date back to。

(6)“抵御……的入侵”可译为ward off the invasion of。

6.

澳门

澳门是一个国际化的都市，几百年来，它一直是中西文化融合共存的地方。东西文化在此地相互交融，留下了许多历史文化遗产，使澳门成为一个独特的城市。澳门是一个适宜徒步游览的城市。这座城市面积虽小，却充满了万花筒般的诱惑，因此，游人难免会有意无意地脱离既定的游览路线。澳门地方不大，却是一个饮食文化十分发达的城市。目前，全澳门约有300多家较具规模的酒楼、饭店和西餐厅。至于大排档、甜品屋和小吃店，那就更多了，遍布澳门的大街小巷。

（分数：20.00）

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正确答案：()

解析：Macao is an international city, and for several hundred years, it has been a place where

Chinese and Western cultures merge and coexist. Owing to the constant blending of the cultures

of the East and the West, a lot of historical and cultural legacies have come into being and made

Macao a unique city. Macao is a city that is suitable for visiting on foot. Although the area

of this city is small, it is filled with enticement like a kaleidoscope, so visitors will

unconsciously break away from the set line of touring. Though Macao is not a big city, it is a

city with a very developed cooking culture, and there are about over 300 restaurants, hotels and

Western restaurants that are relatively large at present. As for the sidewalk snack booths, dessert

rooms and snack bars, there are many of them spreading over the streets and lanes.

7.

水立方

2014年，北京召开APEC会议，再一次把象征生命之水的蓝色 水立方 (Water Cube)介绍给世界。而各国继北京奥运会之后，又一次在国际盛会上认识到水立方的形象。水立方绝不仅仅是一座作为游泳中心的国家建筑，还是一座展现民族精神和水文化内涵的文化奇观。“水”在中国文化中具有重要的象征意义。2000多年前，老子说：“上善若水，水善利万物而不争”，意思就是说最高境界的善行就像水一样滋润万物而不争名利。大国若大河，应拥有一种包容万物、不事张扬的民族自信力和发展 持久力 (endurance)。

（分数：20.00）

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正确答案：()

解析：The APEC held in Beijing in 2014 introduced again the blue Water Cube that signifies water

of life to the world. The Water Cube, known by the world at another international festival after

the Beijing Olympics, is not limited to a national building as a swimming center. It is also a

cultural wonder demonstrating the national spirit and connotations of water culture. Water has

an important symbolic meaning in Chinese culture. Lao Zi said 2000 years ago, "Greatest kindness

is like the water that brings all benefits to all kinds of things without getting payback." A

great country, the same as a big river, should embrace inclusive and silent national confidence

and development endurance. [解析] 1．第三句中的“不仅仅是”可译为is not limited to，“一座展现……文化奇观”中，“文化奇观”可译为cultural wonder，“展现民族精神和水文化内涵的”可处理为现在分词短语作后置定语。

2．第五句中，“意思就是说”前面为古文，后面为现代汉语解释，前后内容意思是一致的，因此翻译时将两部分结合在一起翻译就可以。

3．第六句中的“包容万物”和“不事张扬”都是四字成语，此处不需要进行详细解释，否则句子的重点会从后面的“自信力”和“持久力”转移到前面，可采用两个简单的形容词inclusive和silent进行概括。

8.中国传统元素是指被广泛认可的中国传统形象、符号或风俗习惯等。它们能够反映中国传统文化的 精髓

(essence)，是中国所特有的元素。中国传统元素体现在文学、艺术、建筑、饮食、服饰及风俗习惯等多个方面。从唐诗宋词、京戏 脸谱 (facial makeup)、 雕梁画栋 (richly ornamented building)、中餐茶品到唐装 刺绣 (embroidery)，无不体现着魅 力非凡的 (charismatic)中国元素。中国传统元素植根于深厚的中国传统文化，它对中国当代及后世的社会发展都有着不可忽视的重要作用，值得我们继续传承下去。

（分数：10.00）

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正确答案：()

解析：Traditional Chinese elements refer to the widely recognized traditional Chinese images,

symbols or customs etc. They can reflect the essence of Chinese traditional culture and are unique

to China. Traditional Chinese elements are embodied in literature, art, architecture, food,

costume and customs, etc. The poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Peking Opera facial makeup,

richly ornamented buildings, Chinese food and tea, Tang suit and embroidery all embody charismatic

Chinese elements. Having been deeply rooted in the profound traditional culture of China,

traditional Chinese elements play a significant role that cannot be ignored in the development

of both contemporary and future societies of China, and are worth passing down on and on.

9.慈禧对外国人万分惧怕，正像她对国人无比傲慢一样。她在河南停留了很长一段时间，到了保定又 逗留

(halt)多日，好不容易才回到北京。据说，在这漫长的旅途中还发生了一件趣事。一位地方官员送给慈禧一只猴子，她颇为高兴，竟让人给那猴子穿 黄马褂 (yellow mandarin jacket)。后来得知有的官员发出了“人不如猴”的感慨，慈禧才发现自己的决定有些 荒唐 (whimsical)，于是又命令给 随行官员

(escorting officials)每人一件黄马褂。得到这殊荣之后，大家真不知道该感谢慈禧还是感谢那只猴子。

（分数：10.00）

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正确答案：()

解析：Cixi was utterly fearful of foreigners just as she was extremely arrogant toward her own

countrymen. She stopped for a long time in Henan and halted in Baoding for quite a few days before

finally arriving in Beijing. It was said that an amusing episode took place during this long journey.

When a local official offered a monkey to her as a gift, she was so pleased that she ordered a

yellow mandarin jacket to the monkey. Later, she was told that some officials were complaining

that people were considered less worthy than a monkey, then she realized that her order had been

indeed a little too whimsical. So she gave another order granting each of the escorting officials

a yellow mandarin jacket. Upon the receipt of such an unusual favor, the officials did not know

whether they should thank Cixi or the monkey for it.

10.1911年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命—— 辛亥革命 (the Revolution of 1911)，它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代——清朝，废除了中国延续了2000多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国——中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头上的 辫子 (queues)，选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了280多年的辫子法令终于被解除。

（分数：20.00）

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正确答案：()

解析：In 1911, the first bourgeois revolution in Chinese history—the Revolution of 1911 broke

out. The last dynasty of the Chinese feudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch

system that had a history of more than 2,000 years was abolished. The Republic of China, the first

democratic republic in China, was founded. After its foundation, the government of Republic of

China had required the citizens to cut off their queues and make the haircut they liked. Since

then, the wearing-queue order that had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.

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