研究生英语课文翻译Unit 6

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2024年2月13日发(作者：)

How to read body language

All of us communicate with one another nonverbally,as well as with of the time we’re

not aware that we’re doing gesture with eyebrows or a hand,meet someone else’s eyes and

look away,shift positions in a actions we assume are random and

researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and

comprehensible as language.

我们每个人与别人都会在用语言交流的同时用非语言进行交流。大部分时间我们并没有意识到我们正在这么做。我们用眉和手做动作表示，我们与别人进行眼神接触又移开，在椅子上变换姿势。我们以为这些姿势都是随意和偶然的，但近些年研究者发现这些动作与语言一样，有一个连续的和可以理解的系统。

Every culture has its own body language,and children absorb its nuances along with spoken

language.A Frenchman talks and moves in way an Englishman crosses his legs is

nothing like the way a male American does talking,Americans are apt to end a statement with

a droop of the head or hand,a lowering of the wind up a question with a lift of the

hand,a tilt of the chin,or a widening of the a future-tense verb they often gesture with a

forward movement.

每一个文化都有它自己的肢体语言，孩子们伴随口头语言一起吸取这种细微差别。一个法国人用法语的方式来说话和行动。一个英国人两腿交叉的方式和一个美国男子的方式一点也不同。美国人习惯用头或手的下垂或者是垂下眼睑来结束一段陈述。他们会以抬手、翘下巴或者睁大眼睛来结束一个问题。在用将来时态的动词时，他们喜欢用一个向前的动作。

There are regional idioms,too:an expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the

way he uses his eyebrows during sex,ethnic background,social class,and

personal style all influence your body heless,you move and gesture within the

American idiom.

肢体语言也有地区方言，一个专家有时候可以单单通过对话过程中使用眉的方式挑出威斯康辛州的土著居民。你的性别、种族背景、社会阶层和个人风格都会影响你的肢体语言。即使如此，你的动作和手势仍然受美国习惯的影响。

The person who is truly bilingual is also bilingual in body York’s famous

mayor,Fiorello La Guardia,politicked in English,Italian,and films of his speeches

are run without sound,it’s not too difficult to identify from his gestures the language he was

of the reasons English-dubbed foreign films often seem flat is that the gestures don’t

match the language.

一个真正双语的人往往肢体语言也是双语的。纽约市的著名市长菲奥雷洛拉瓜迪亚会用英语、意大利语和依地语进行政治演说。当他演讲的录像没有声音，那么就很难从他的手势判断出来他正在说哪种语言。英语配音的外国电影比较平淡无奇的原因之一就是动作和语言不匹配。

Usually the wordless communication acts to qualify the the nonverbal elements

express very often,and very efficiently,is the emotional side of the a person feels

liked or disliked,often it’s a case of “not what he said but the way he said it.”Psychologist Albert

Mehrabian has devised this formula:total impact of a message=7 percent verbal+38 percent

vocal+55 percent importance of the voice can be seen when you consider that even the

words “I hate you” can be made to sound sexy,

通常说话越少的交流越有效。非语言成分最经常表达并且能够最有效表达的就是信息的感情层面。一个人感到被喜欢或者被厌恶往往是通过对方说话的方式而不是他说了什么。心理学

家Alber Mehrabian设计了这样一个公式：一个信息传递的全部影响=7%的口头语言+38%的声调+55%的面部表情。考虑一下即使是“我恨你”也可以被说的非常性感就能理解声调的重要性了。

Experts in kinesics-the study of communication through body movement-are not prepared to spell

out a precise vocabulary of an American rubs his nose,it may mean he is

disagreeing with someone or rejecting there are other possible

interpretations, example,when a student in conversation with a professor holds the older

man’s eyes a little longer than is usual,it can be a sign of respect and affection;it can be a subtle

challenge to the professor’s can be a sign of respect and affection;it can be a subtle challenge to

the professor’s authority;or it can be something else expert looks for patterns in the

context,not for an isolated meaningful gesture.

神态学专家通过肢体动作研究人的交流，他们也没准备好给肢体语言一个准确的名词。当一个美国人摩擦他的鼻子，可能代表他不同意别人的观点或者表示拒绝。但是也可以有其他的解释。例如，当一个学生和教授谈话时，注视教授眼睛的时间比平时长，这可能表示尊重和喜爱的感情，也可能是一种对教授权威微妙的挑战，或者也可以完全是别的意思。专家们会在一个环境中找出一种模式，而不是单独研究一个孤立动作的意思。

Kinesics is a young science-developed in the 1950s-and very much the brainchild of one

man,anthropologist L it already offers a wide variety of small

example,eyebrows have a respertoire of about 23 possible positions;men use

their eyebrows more than women people find they can shut out conversation and

concentrate on watching body language for only about 30 seconds at a can

experiment with it,however,simply by turning on the television picture without the sound.

神态学是一门新兴的学科，它是20世纪50年代产生的，是人类学家Ray L B博士的发明。但是神态学已经有了很多方面的小发现。例如，眉毛可以有大约23个可能的位置，男人比女人用眉毛用的更多。大多数人发现不听对话集中于观察肢体语言，他们一次只可以支撑30秒。很简单，打开电视机的图像不听声音，每个人都可以做这样一个实验。

One of the most potent elements in body language is eye ans are careful about

how and when they meet one another’s our normal conversation,each eye contact lasts

only about a second before one or both individuals look two Americans look

searchingly into each other’s eyes,emotions are heightened and the relationship becomes more

ore we carefully avoid this,except in appropriate circumstances.

肢体语言最强有力的一个因素就是眼部动作。美国人对他们什么时候、怎么看别人的眼睛非常注意。在我们的正常对话中，每次眼神接触一般只会持续一秒，一个人就会把眼神移开。当两个美国人互相凝视对方的眼镜，感情就会加强，关系会变得更加亲密。因此，我们谨慎地避免这种情况，除非是合适的场合。

Americans abroad sometimes find local eye behavior,hard to interpret,”Tel Aviv was

disturbing,”one man recalled.”People stared right at me on the street;they looked me up and

down.I kept wondering if I was uncombed or y,a friend explained that Israelis

think nothing of staring at others on the street.”

在国外的美国人有时候会发现当地的眼部动作很难理解。有个人回忆说：“Tel Aviv感到很困惑，人们就在街上那样盯着我，他们上下打量我，我一直在想我是不是没有梳头或者没拉拉链。最终，一个朋友像我解释说以色列人在街上盯着人看没有任何含义。”

Proper street behavior in the United states requires a nice balance of attention and

are supposed to look at a passerby just enough to show that you’re aware of his you

look too little,you appear haughty or secretive;too much,and you are y what

happens is that people eye each other until they are about eight feet apart,at which point both cast

down their ogist Goffman describes this as “a kind of dimming of lights.”In

parts of the Far East it is impolite to look at the other person at all during England

the polite listener stares at the speaker attentively and blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of

eye-blink says nothing to Americans,who expect the listener to nod or to murmur

something-such as “mm-hmm.”

在美国街头合适的行为需要在注意和不注意间有个很好的平衡。你看一个路人的眼神应该刚刚足够表现你意识到他的存在。如果你看的太快，那么显得你很傲慢并且偷偷摸摸，如果看的过久，又显得你过分好奇。通常人们打量对方在距离8英尺的地方就移开眼神。社会学家EG博士将这种现象称为“近光灯现象”。在远东地区，在谈话过程看看别人是不礼貌的。在英国，礼貌的倾听者应该集中注意力地盯着说话者，并且时不时地眨下眼睛以示兴趣。那种眨眼睛对美国人而言毫无意义，美国人期望倾听者能够点头或者低声说“嗯哪”之类的话。

There are times when what a person says with his body gives the lie to what he is saying with his

d Freud once wrote:”No mortal can keep a his lips are silent,he chatters

with his fingertips;betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.”

有时候人的肢体语言会暴露他口头上说的话是谎话。Sigmund Freud曾经写到：没有人能够保守秘密，即使他的嘴能够不说，他的指尖也会说出来，他的一举一动都会出卖他。

Thus,a man successfully control his face,and appear calm and self-controlled--unaware that signs

of tension and anxiety are leaking out,that his foot is beating on the floor constantly,restlessly,as if

it had a life of its is another emotion feet and legs may arguments the feet

often become sometimes produces barely perceptible running motions,a kind of

nervous leg there are the subtle,provocative leg gestures that women use consciously

and unconsciously.

因此，当一个人成功地控制了自己的表情，表现的很平静和自我控制的，他却没有意识到他的脚不停地不断敲打地板似乎自己有生命一样，这已经流露出他的紧张和焦虑。愤怒是脚和腿会泄露的另一种感情。在争论中，脚通常会变得紧张。恐惧有时会制造几乎难以察觉的动作，例如紧张地抖腿，而女人则会有意无意地细微和挑衅的腿部动作表达愤怒。

Recent studies by psychologists suggest that posture often reflects a person’s attitude toward

people he is experiment indicates that when men are with other men they dislike,they

relax either very little or very much-depending on whether they see the other man as

in this experiment always signaled dislike with very relaxed

men,paired with women they disliked,were never tense enough about it to sit up rigidly.

最近的研究显示动作往往反映了一个人对和他一起的人的态度。一个实验表明，当一个人和他不喜欢的人在一起时，取决于他是否视那个人为威胁，他们会非常不放松或者过分放松。这个实验中女人通常通过非常放松的姿势来表现自己的厌恶。而男人碰到自己讨厌的女性时，则会过分紧张，坐的很僵硬。

Postures sometimes offer a guide to broad relationship within a group,Imagine that at a

party,guests have been fired up by an may be able to spot at a glance the two sides

of the argument by postures of the pros,for example,may sit with crossed knees,the

cons with legs stretched out and arms folded.A few middle-of-the-roaders may a little of

each-crossing their knees and folding their an individual abruptly shifts his body around in

his chair,it may mean that he disagrees with the speaker or even that he is changing of

this,of course,represents an infallible guide,but it is apparently significant enough to be worth

watching for.

动作有时会帮助我们在一个团队中扩展人际关系。假象在一个派对上，宾客们因为一场争论吵起来。你可以通过扫视人们的姿势就可以来判别争论的双方。例如，大多数赞成者会坐下两腿交叉，而反对者则会伸出他们的腿，紧抱双臂。有少数的中间派可能会两者兼备，两腿交叉的同时也双臂并拢。如果一个人在椅子上忽然改变了坐姿，那么可能表示他不同意说话者的观点或者他改变了他的立场。当然，所有这一切都不能提供一个绝对可靠的指示，但是它很显然足够重要值得我们去观察。

While children learn spoken and body language-proper postures,eye behaviors ,etc-they also learn

a subtler thing:how to react to space around walks around inside a kind of private

bubble,which represents the amount of air space he feels he must have between himself and other

pologists,working with cameras,have recorded the tremors and minute eye

movements that betray the moment the individual’s bubble is adults,however,we hide

out feelings behind a screen of polite words.

当孩子们学习口头和包括适当的姿势，眼部动作等等在内的肢体语言时，他们同时也学会了一件微妙的事情，如何对他们周围的空间进行反应。人们在一种类似于私人气泡的东西里四处走动，这种私人气泡代表着一个人感觉他和别人之间应该有点空间。人类学家用摄像头记录了当私人气泡被打破的瞬间人们的眼部活动。但是作为成年人，我们会在礼貌的用语中隐藏我们的感受。

Anthropologist points out that for two unacquainted adult male North

Americans the comfortable distance to stand for private conversation is from arm’s length to about

four feet South American likes to stand much closer,which creates problems when the

two meet face to ,as the South American moves in,the North American feels he’s being

pushy,and as the North American backs off,the South American thinks he’s being standoffish.

人类学家ETH博士指出，两个不认识的北美成年男性私人对话比较舒适的站立距离是从一臂长到大约四英尺。南美人则站的近得多，这就造成了这两种人面对面碰见的问题。南美人想凑得更近时，北美人感觉到他太冒进了所以就向后退，这是南美人就会觉得对方很冷淡。

The American and the Arab are even less compatible in their space like close

some instances,they stand very close together to walk,staring intently into each other’s

eyes and breathing into each other’s are actions the American may associate with

sexual intimacy and he may find it disturbing to be subjected to them in a nonsexual context.

美国人和阿拉伯人在个人空间习惯上更难相容。阿拉伯人喜欢近距离接触。例如他们会站的非常近的走路，互相凝视对方，甚至都脸上都能感到对方的呼吸。这些行为可能会让美国人联想到性接触，非性的接触却离得这么近容易让美国人感到很反感。

The amount of space a man needs is also influence by his personality-introverts,for example,seem

to need more elbow room than ion and mood also affect oers

waiting in line to see a sexy film will line up much more densely than those waiting to see a

family-entertainment movie.

一个人需要的空间还受到他个性的影响，例如内向的人会比外向的人需要更多的空间。情境和情绪也会影响到这种距离。排队等待看一场言情电影的人会比等待看一场家庭娱乐电影的人站的更紧密。

George du Maurier once wrote:”Language is a poor fill your lungs with wind and shake

a little slit in your throat and make mouths,and that shakes the air;and the air shakes a pair of little

drums in and my brain seizes your meaning in the a roundabout way and

what a waste of time!”

GdM曾经写道：“语言是一个很可怜的东西，你先吸气，然后轻震声带再摆出口型，震动空气，然后空气再震动耳膜，然后我们的大脑会大概抓住你的意思。整个过程多么迂回和浪费时间啊。”

Communication between human beings would be just that dull if it were all done with

actually,words are often the smallest part of it.

人与人之间仅仅通过语言进行交流将是非常无趣的。但是事实上，语言常常只是交流中最小的那部分。

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