高中英语(新人教版)选择性必修二同步习题:UNIT 1 Part 1(同步习题

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2024年2月15日发(作者：)

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

Part 1 Reading and Thinking

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

kind of virus can cause (十分严重的) damage to our health.

results are a further (证明) of his outstanding ability.

exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of (感染).

air is sweet and (干净的) in the countryside.

fish are often eaten (生的) in Japan.

is a (减少) of nearly 60% in the number of visitors to the

museum this month.

ys, most (家庭) own at least one car.

police suspect there may be a (联系) between the two cases.

he got up, Jack washed his face at the water (泵) in front of the

house.

Ⅱ.选词填空

once and for all; subscribe to; thanks to; in general; be determined to (do); so

that; attend to

government decided to solve the problem .

the scientists present at the forum the view that global

warming is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels.

American culture the smile is an expression of pleasure.

nurses are busy the patients in the hospital.

5. your timely help, we can finish the task in time.

takes a part-time job after class he can help his mother to

support his family.

work hard to improve her spoken English.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

up! You needn't feel (frustrate) at your failure in the exam.

als say that few citizens (infect) with the virus owing to effective

prevention now.

3.I think the little boy is (blame) for the fire.

an adult, we have to learn (handle) stress.

5.I strongly (suspect) that he was lying to the teacher.

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。

We haven't decided for our summer holiday.

2.他似乎对他的老师说了谎。

he told a lie to his teacher.

3.放学后我要去修自行车。(have)

I'll after school.

4.通常,公共汽车上太拥挤,我找不到坐的地方。

Usually, it's crowded on the bus I can't find anywhere to sit.

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”

Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1 (disease) in the world until

John Snow showed how it could be overcome. Cholera,as 2 deadly disease

of its day,threatened ordinary people. No one knew its cause or its cure. Every

time cholera broke out,large numbers of 3 (frighten) people died. John Snow

was determined 4 (solve) this problem. He knew only if he found its cause

would it be controlled.

There were two theories that 5 (possible) explained how people got

infected. John Snow 6 (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by

an infection from germs in food or water.

In 1854 another outbreak of cholera hit London. John Snow decided to

investigate. He marked the places on a map, 7 gave him a valuable clue

about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the

water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths 8 these people

drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 9 (blame). He made

further research and concluded that polluted water led to the disease. Finally

“King Cholera” 10 (defeat). Thanks to John Snow, we now know how to

prevent cholera.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019辽宁省实验中学高二12月月考)

John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed

of learning new ideas and handling problems stood out early. At 17, his father

tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a

poor life being a mathematician, so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as

well. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a PhD

in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and

he never had to turn to chemistry.

In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then

became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1933, the

Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and he became one of the 6 full-time

people(Einstein was one of the others).

World War Ⅱ hugely changed von Neumann's areas of interest. Until 1940

he had been a great pure mathematician. During and after the war, he became

one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.

During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and

made several outstanding contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued

his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service.

He received many awards, was the president of the American Mathematical

Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died in 1957

of cancer.

Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would

have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He will be remembered

as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.

Von Neumann really was a legend in his own time, and there are a number

of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one

accident this way,“I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were

passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them

stepped in my path.”

ing to the text, von Neumann's father believed that .

A.a mathematician couldn't earn a lot of money

B.a mathematician needed a good memory

Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time

Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed

Neumann published his first book at the age of .

A.23 B.26 C.29 D.32

did World War Ⅱ affect John von Neumann?

realized the importance of engineering.

began to research how to put mathematics into practice.

left college and served at the government department.

lost interest in chemistry.

can we conclude about von Neumann based on the text?

had three children.

died in an accident.

received many awards in his life.

and Einstein were classmates at Princeton University.

B

(2020北京西城区高二上期末统考)

Elon Musk, perhaps the world's most brilliant businessman, has a habit of

making statements that stretch the bounds of believability.

On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine

interface(BMI), starting from the design of a “neural lace(神经织网)”, a net of

thin electrodes(电极) that capture the information from the brain. However, the

electrodes must be flexible, so that they do not damage brain tissue and will

last for a long time. And to make the implantation(植入) of so many electrodes

safe, painless and effective, the process has to be automated.

Mr. Musk's team does indeed seem to have made progress towards these

goals. Their presentation includes videos of a robot that is best described as a

sewing machine. This robot grabs “threads”, and shoots them deep into the

brain through a hole. The firm has also designed a chip that can handle signals

from as many as 3,072 electrodes.

With all these technological breakthroughs, the firm now hopes to help

people overcome such illnesses as blindness and paralysis. They designed a small

device that would sit behind someone's ear, picking up signals from the

implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate. In a few years, using a

brain implant to control your devices may be as prevalent as wearing wireless

earphones today. Finally, Musk predicts neural lace will allow humans to be

combined with AI systems, thus enabling the species to survive.

Though, as this announcement shows, Mr. Musk does have a habit of

presenting himself as the hero of the human race, at least the concept that some

machines will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to

be carried out. The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be

writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves, but rather persuading people

that the necessary surgery, whether by sewing machine or otherwise, is actually

a good idea.

can learn from the first two paragraphs that .

odes should be flexible to extend life

Musk constantly comes up with unexpected ideas

C.a neural lace is used to store information from the brain

odes are implanted by top surgeons for safety reasons

does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

. .

sional. riate.

is the hardest part of carrying out BMI?

cing people to accept the surgery.

ping devices to perform the surgery.

g the software to interpret brainwaves.

ing people of the success of the surgery.

is the best title of this passage?

Neural Lace, a New Type of BMI

Musk, the Hero of Human Beings

cial Intelligence, the Way to Survive

D.A Brain Implant, a Step to Control Machines

Ⅱ.七选五

(2020湖南张家界高二上期末统考)

Online courses have become popular in many countries. There are different

kinds of online courses, but most show a video of a teacher and students in a

classroom. Students watch the video online and take part in online activities.

Some courses are free and open to anyone. 1 Of course, watching videos

on a screen is not the same as taking part in a real class.

2 In Singapore, eight schools have been chosen to try new ways of

using technology in the classroom. The schools have tablets(平板电脑)and

touchscreens instead of books and blackboards in the classrooms. 3 Through

them, students can communicate with each other and work on projects together.

In South Korea, some students have been taught English by teachers in the

Philippines and other countries since 2011. The teachers are in their home

countries and are connected to the South Korean classrooms via the Internet.

Instead of looking at a screen, the students interact with a robot in the

classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher. 4

Thanks to technology, more and more ways of teaching and learning are

being developed.

5 But one thing is for sure—there has never been a more interesting

time to be a student.

A.E-learning can be successful.

are also social media platforms(平台).

kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world.

give students the chance to study anywhere, at any time.

knows what the classroom of the future will look like.

it can move around the classroom and talk with the students.

courses that are taught via the Internet are called online courses.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

答案全解全析

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

Part 1 Reading and Thinking

基础过关练

Ⅰ. ion se

olds

Ⅱ. and for all ibe to general ing to to

that determined to

Ⅲ.ated 考查词性转换。句意:振作起来!你没有必要因为考试失利而感到沮丧。feel是系动词,后面应跟形容词作表语,结合句意,应填frustrated,意为“沮丧的,气馁的”。

infected 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:官员说,由于有效的预防,现在几乎没有居民感染那种病毒。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语从句的谓语,citizens与infect之间为被动关系,由say和now判断应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are

infected。

blame 考查非谓语动词。句意:我认为这个小男孩对这场火灾负有责任。be

to blame意为“应负责任;应受责备”,故填to blame。

handle 考查非谓语动词。句意:作为成年人,我们必须学会应对压力。learn

意为“学会做……”,故填to handle。

t 考查动词的时态。句意:我强烈怀疑他在对老师撒谎。表达自己的观点一般用一般现在时,且主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态,故填suspect。

Ⅳ. to go seemed that my bike repaired

; that

Ⅴ.es 考查名词的数。句意:霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一……。分析句子结构可知,本题考查“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,故填diseases。

2.a 考查冠词。句意:霍乱,作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人(的健康)。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,意为“一个,一种”,且deadly为以辅音音素开头的单词,故填不定冠词a。

ened 考查词性转换。句意:每次霍乱爆发,都会有大批惊恐的人病死。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词people,故用形容词frightened,意为“惊恐的,害怕的”。

solve 考查非谓语动词。句意:约翰·斯诺下决心要解决这个问题。be

determined 意为“下决心做……”,故填to solve。

ly 考查词性转换。句意:有两种理论可能解释了人们是如何被感染的。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语修饰动词explained,故应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。

ibed 考查动词的时态。句意:约翰·斯诺赞同霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的这一理论。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当主句的谓语,由语境可知用一般过去时,故填subscribed。subscribe to意为“同意,赞成”。

考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在地图上标出了那些地方,这给了他一条关于疾病起因的有价值的线索。分析句子结构可知, 7 he

disease是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的主句,故用关系代词which。

e 考查连词。句意:一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。由句意可知此处应填because,引导原因状语从句。

blame 考查非谓语动词。句意:似乎水泵是罪魁祸首。be to blame意为“应负责任;应受责备”,故填to blame。

defeated 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最终“霍乱王”被打败了。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,因为叙述过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。由句意可知,这种疾病是被打败,故用被动语态。故填was defeated。

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读 本文主要介绍了约翰·冯·诺依曼的生平事迹以及他为人类社会做出的重大贡献。

1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的his father tried to persuade him not to

become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a

mathematician可知,他父亲认为数学家的生活会很贫穷,所以A项正确。

2.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in

chemical engineering可知他出生在1903年。然后由第二段中的His first book

was published in 1932.可以计算出他第一本书出版是在他29岁时,所以答案选C。

3.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的During and after the war, he became one

of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.可知在战争期间和战后他开始把数学理论应用于实践,所以B项正确。

4.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的He received many awards可知C项正确。

【高频词汇】

out 突出;醒目;脱颖而出 atician n.数学家 try n.化学

bution n.贡献;捐献 adj.坚定的;牢固的 n.传奇

B

◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Elon Musk提出的新型脑机接口的想法,并对其现今研究成果和未来应用前景进行了详细说明。

5.B 推理判断题。根据第一段has a habit of making statements that

stretch the bounds of believability.(Elon Musk……有一种习惯,他发表的言论延伸了可信度的范围。)以及第二段中On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type

of brain-machine interface (BMI)(2019年7月16日,他介绍了一种新型的脑机接口。)可知Elon Musk经常能提出前所未闻的想法,B项符合题意。故选B。

6.B 词义猜测题。根据第四段中They designed a small device that would sit

behind someone's ear, picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing

them on as appropriate.可知,现在设计的小设备应用较为复杂。画线词所在句表述为几年后,与现在形成对比,表明这项技术会变得更为普遍和简易,就像戴无线耳机一样。故B项common“普遍的”切合题意。故选B。

7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中The biggest barrier to this happening will

probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves, but rather

persuading people that the is actually a good idea.可知,最大的阻碍可能不是写软件,而是说服人们做这种必要的外科手术其实是个好主意。意在表明实施BMI最艰难的部分是说服人们接受必要的外科手术。故选A。

8.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段中On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type

of brain-machine interface (BMI)可知2019年7月16日,他介绍了一种新型的脑机接口。接下来全文围绕新型脑机接口(BMI)进行展开说明,因此可知A项“神经织网,一种新型的脑机接口”切题。故选A。

【高频词汇】

h v.伸展;延伸 e v.获得 adv.的确;真正地

progress 取得进步 n.信号;暗号

hrough n.突破 v.使能够 out 实施;执行 r n.障碍;屏障

长难句分析:

原句 Though, as this announcement shows, Mr. Musk does have a habit of

presenting himself as the hero of the human race, at least the concept that some

machines will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to

be carried out.

分析 本句为主从复合句。Though引导的是让步状语从句,该从句中又含有as引导的非限制性定语从句;that human brains是一个同位语从句,是对the concept内容的解释说明。

句意 正如这一声明所说,尽管Musk先生确实有一个把自己描绘成人类英雄的习惯,但至少这个某些机器将受到人类大脑的直接控制的概念似乎是有可能实施的。

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在线课程的有关内容。老师可以进行远程授课,学生在教室与教学机器人进行互动。随着科技的发展,教学方式也在不断地发展。

1.D 上文提到Students watch the video online and take part in online activities.

Some courses are free and open to anyone.(学生在线观看学习视频并参与线上活动。一些网络课程是对任何人都是免费开放的。),说明正是因为网络的便利性,学生可以随时随地进行学习。D项提到在线学习给了学生随时随地学习的机会,符合语境。

2.C 第二段提到了新加坡对在线学习的实践,说明了在线学习在不同国家进行测试。C项符合语境。

3.B 第二段最后一句提到Through them, students can communicate with each

other and work on projects together.(学生可以通过它们互相交流,共同完成项目。),只有通过平台学生才能互相沟通交流,且代词them指代B项中的social

media platforms。故B项符合语境。

4.F 上文提到Instead of looking at a screen, the students interact with a robot

in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher.(学生在教室里跟机器人进行互动,而不是盯着屏幕看。机器人由老师控制。),F项中的it指代前文中出现的robot,故F项符合语境。

5.E 倒数第二段提到随着科技的发展,学习和教学模式也在不断发展。而科技的发展会给教学模式带来什么样的未来还是未知的。E项符合语境。

【高频词汇】

courses 网络课程 t n.项目;工程;计划

d of代替;而不是 ct with 与……交流 sure 确实;肯定

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