admin管理员组文章数量:1531793
2024年3月5日发(作者：)
研究生英语期末考试的形式与内容稍有改动：
1. 词汇（第1-5单元课文A中的单词，10%）
2. 阅读理解（课外，40%）
3. 翻译（第1-3单元的课文，20%）
4. 写作（阅读一篇与第4、5单元课文A的主题相关的中文文章，用英文写summary，30%）
由此带来的不便，请老师们谅解。《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文
（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。）
各单元练习答案
UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH.
COMPREHENSION
1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The
answer to the second part of the question is open.)
2 Life was tough – he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke
bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…
3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his
calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.
4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What
you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)
5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.)
The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.
6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.
7 Do the things we love to do.
8 Open.
9 Open.
10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to
do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1 naively 2 curiosity 3 combination 4 let down 5 vision
6 baton 7 creative 8 mirror 9 trap 10 invention
B
1 drowned out 2 tuition 3 Commencement 4 deposit 5 typography
6 make way for 7 animation 8 intuition 9 destination 10 diverge
C
1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct
2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense
3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out
1
4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer
5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual
6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling
SPEAKING: Open.
TRANSLATION
A
1热烈的鼓掌 2波涛汹涌的海面 3熟睡 4烟瘾大的人 5油腻而难消化的食物 6烈酒 7悲痛的消息 8沉闷冗长的读物 9〈化〉重水
10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
11那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。
12他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。
13脚踩两条凳,早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船）。
14骄者必败。
15 我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。
B 见译文部分。
WRITING
A
1. I was asked to do the assignment. So I think there are three reasons for the
failure in the experiment.
2. Although I worked hard to acquire more knowledge, I couldn’t improve my
English.
3. Though…..
4. therefore---However
5. If we compare the number of people who worked in this department between
2001 and 2003, it only increased from five people to twenty but the orders were
twice more.
6. We have three ways of recruitment. The first is the recruitment agency, which we
used two years ago. The expenditure was very high and the people provided
were not very suitable. The second is online recruitment. We have never used
this method before, so we cannot say this is good or not. However, online
recruitment is risky because of the unbelievable resources of the applicants.
7. are-is
8. including---include
9. has a negative impact,
have a positive and powerful effect
10. There never seems to be anything worth watching on television. Young people
tend to listen to the radio more than older age groups while older people find it more
enjoyable to chat with people of their age.
2
UNIT TWO TWO TRUTHS TO LIVE BY
COMPREHENSION
1. According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler, we should hold fast to many gifts such
as beauty, love.
2. The author exploits the parable of open and closed hand in the very beginning of
the text to control the idea of the whole text. “Life is a paradox”, because it
encourages us to grasp its many gifts although it predetermines their final
disappearance.
3. The author tells the audience his experience in hospital to prove the fact that
people are indifferent to the grandeur of each day, and nobody sees the beauty of
sunlight or responds to it.
4. According to the author, people are reluctant to accept losses and failures because
they think that the world is theirs to command especially when they are young.
5. Since all of us will perish in the end, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing
our lives as through windows that open on eternity, whereby to reconcile on life’s
paradoxical demands. Though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a
timeless pattern.
6. Life is a process. During the process, we should hold fast to life, but not so fast
that we cannot let go; we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go.
7. According to the author, we should pursue the ideal, for ideals alone invest life
with meaning and are of enduring worth.
8. Alexander Schindler encourages the students to exalt above their personal
considerations and to perfect the present world.
9. There is strong religious color in the text. Alexander Schindler asks us to hold fast
to God’s gifts, to be reverent before each dawning day, to view our lives as
through windows that open on eternity, and to add religion to the humblest of
edifices.
10. The author delivers this speech to the university students in order to teach them
how to cope with life’s paradoxical problems in a wise way, and what to pursue.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1. renounce 2. tender 3. petty 4. relish 5. gleaned
6. abounds in 7. parable 8. evanescent 9. redeem 10. sanctuary
B
1. indifference to 2. Preoccupied 3. redeem 4. clinging to 5. relentless
6. paradox 7. ordained 8. wanes 9. exalted
10. dawn/have dawned on
C
1. the meaning the opportunity the door happiness the purpose
2. the question the jokes the advertisement the film the lecture
3
3. run drive speak sail stick
4. arrival survival refusal approval renewal
5. restless priceless endless homeless aimless
6. widen quicken deepen lengthen shorten
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION
A
1成功与否取决于她的努力。2她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。
3他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶
4人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。
5由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。
6只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。
7只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。
8她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。
9独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
10新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者，获得了他们的一些好感。
B 见译文部分。
TEXT B
READING COMPREHENSION
1. The Chinese view of life and things presented in the passage is expressed by the
best and wisest Chinese minds in their folk wisdom and their literature.
2. Chinese poets and scholars present a view of life through their common sense, their
realism and their sense of poetry.
3. The nature of Chinese philosophy is an idle philosophy born of an idle life.
4. The Chinese philosopher’s waking life is characterized by a dream-world quality,
and he sees the happenings and his own efforts as futile.(or useless)
5. The highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented by a sense of detachment toward
life and high-mindedness.
6. The sense of detachment toward life results in the sense of freedom, love of
vagabondage, pride and nonchalance.
7. “Wake up and live” implies that a wise proportion of Americans dream the hours
away.
8. The national mind of Chinese is so racially different and historically isolated that
new answers to the problems of life, new methods of approaches and new posing
of problems are expected.
4
9. For most people, the Chinese mind is intensely practical, hard-headed; for the
lovers of Chinese art, it is profoundly sensitive; and for a smaller proportion of
people, it is poetic and philosophical.
10. The Chinese as a nation has survived for four thousand years because the Chinese
have a light, an almost gay philosophy rather than an efficient life.
UNIT THREE
A FEW WORDS FOR LOSING
COMPREHENSION
1 Because sport is mainly about “astonishing salaries, hugely lucrative endorsements,
television contract using numbers one is more accustomed to seeing in textbooks
on astronomy”.
2 Because even the great winners finally lose.
3 There is always a feeling of sadness after the game.
4 Life for many athletes was much downhill.
5 It means the rank or status of the team. （球队排名）
6 Human limitations might bring some sad situations.
7 Some people are naturally gifted, but others are not.
8 He would “fight” fearlessly, but he didn’t want it to be a “suicide attack”.
9 Open.
10 Open.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1 lucrative 2 mortal 3 instill 4 wind up 5 prowess
6 cowardly 7 cultivated 8 identified with 9 surmount 10 intact
B
1 inglorious 2 fraught 3 cultivated 4 groomed 5 outset
6 lucrative 7 tournament 8 intact 9 hang around 10 lapse into
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION
A
1晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。
2这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。
3遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。
4我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。
5他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。
5
6如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？
7 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。
8 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
B 见译文部分。
UNIT FOUR THE FUTURE OF BOOKS
COMPREHENSION
1. Umberto Eco classifies memory into three types: organic memory represented by
human brain; mineral memory represented by clay tablets, obelisks and electronic
memory of today’s computer; and vegetal memory represented by the first
papyruses and books made of paper.
2. According to Umberto Eco, the libraries function as the places for conservation of
books and have been the most important way of keeping our collective wisdom.
3. “Universal brain” means a place where we can retrieve what we have forgotten
and what we still do not know.
4. According to paragraph 2, humans invent libraries because they know that they do
not have divine powers, but they try to do their best to imitate them.
5. In the computer and Internet era, libraries should not be abolished because they
should survive as museums conserving the past.
6. Compared with reading on a computer screen, reading printed books is the better
way for us to read carefully, to speculate and to reflect about what we are reading.
7. Compared with computers, books have brought a lot of conveniences to humans
computers can’t: books still represent the most economical, flexible way to
transport information at a very low cost; books travel with you and at your speed;
it is a valuable instrument and the best companions for a shipwreck.
8. Two industrially exploited inventions are as follows: one is printing on demand,
namely, every book will be tailored according to the desires of the buyer; the other
is the e-book which is useful for consulting information.
9. “The idea that a new technology abolishes a previous one is frequently too
simplistic.” What the author means is that there are a lot of new technological
devices that have not made previous ones obsolete, that in the history of culture it
has never been the case that something has simply killed something else. Rather, a
new invention has always profoundly changed an older one.
10. In the computer and internet era, people fear the physical disappearance of books
and printed material; but printed books have a future because computers
encourage the production of printed material.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1. organic 2. designate 3. emulate 4. abolish 5. speculated
6. shipwreck 7. manuscript 8. masterpiece te 10. contribute to
6
B
1. option 2. flexible 3. reproduce 4. preservation 5. retrieve
6. divine 7. diffuse 8. on the verge of 9. browse 10. memory
C
1. poverty errors enemies a possibility inequality
2. a group an organization a club an association a tribe
3. act for answer for stand for long for prepare for
4. eyepiece timepiece showpiece seapiece centerpiece
5. predictable preschool prewar previous preliminary
6. reproduce revise remove review rewrite
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION
A
1 凡是犯了错就应勇于承认。
2没有下雪，但叶落草枯。
3人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。
4读书只能给智能提供知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的。
5仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而且最终会控制它们。
6她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。
B 见课文译文
Unit five Scientists, scholars, knaves and fools
Comprehension
1(a). What relationship between science and the humanities can you learn from the
first paragraph?
To some degree, science and the humanities have the same concern: The question
raised by science is the most important that can be asked in philosophy and religion.
In his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, Wilson shows how various fields of
inquiry, and especially the humanities and sciences, intersect with each other.
1(b). Do you think science and religion can be reconciled? (Open.)
2(a). What criteria does Author apply when distinguishing science from
pseudoscience?
7
In para.2, the author mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria to distinguish
science from pseudoscience: repeatability, economy, mensuration, heuristics and
consilience.
2(b). Some label Acupuncture, Qigong, and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience. Do
you agree? Open.
3(a). What point does Author make in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?
The author gives the topic sentence "The work of real science is hard and often for
long intervals frustrating" at the beginning of para.4.
3(b). How does he backup his viewpoint?
In para.4, the author lists and analyses the reasons why it’s hard. In Para.5, the author
develops the point by drawing on his own experience and quoting.
3(c). What example and quote does he use?
The example is from his own experience of counseling new Ph.D.'s in biology.
The quotation is from Percy Bridgman: "The scientific method is doing your
damnedest, no holds barred."
4. Paragraph 6-8 discuss original discovery. How do these paragraphs relate to one
another?
Para.6 first introduces the topic sentence "Original discovery is everything" and then
explains how the priority of making original discovery defines the process of
scientific research.
Para7 and para.8 are about the importance of original discovery and they are related
by two sentences of the same structure which introduce two opposite conditions and
thus form a sharp contrast (make an important discovery, and ...; Fail to discover,
).
5(a). According to Alfred North Whitehead, why do scientists learn what they need to
know while remaining poorly informed about the rest of the world?
It’s because scientists are mainly concerned about making discovery. They have to
concentrate on the part that is needed in the discovery while ignoring the rest.
5(b). What does the greeting question "What are you working on" reveal?
It reveals the fact that what they are doing are of the same nature (making
8
discoveries) and scientists are quite aware what is common among them.
6(a). Will scientists content themselves with the discoveries they have made? Why?
No, they won't. Scientists who have already made some important discoveries are
always strongly motivated and they are ready to set new goals and make continuous
efforts.
6(b). What's the difference between scientists and scholars in humanities?
According to Wilson, their research is of different nature: for scholars in the
humanities the most valuable work is interpreting and explaining the existing factual
knowledge while for scientists original discovery is everything.
7. Can scientists be defined as a social group with a set of beliefs, characters and
motivations peculiar to them?
No, they can't. No particular beliefs, characters and motivations can be identified as
the defining features. (See Para. 9-11)
8(a). In what sense is scientific research an art?
There is no limitation on how to make a discovery. Scientists enjoy the freedom of
applying different thinking skills and styles just like an artist.
8(b). What scientists should do in order to be highly successful?
A scientist who wants to achieve great success should not be afraid of trying new
research areas where no previous research can be referred to and he has to decide
everything by himself in the exploration.
8(c). According to the author, what intelligence level does normal science require?
Why?
The author mentions it as optimum intelligence: On the one hand he should have the
adequate intelligence which allows him to do some basic scientific research; on the
other, his intelligence level should not be above the one for normal science,
otherwise, he would find the mediocre work intolerably boring.
9(a). What advice does the author give to the novice scientists?
The author gives a lot of advice in the last paragraph. It's mainly about how to do
scientific research and how to make your work known to and accepted by other
scientists.
9
9(b). Suppose you have the plan to pursue academic study, what difficulties do you
think you would have? (Open.)
10. Paraphrase the following figurative sentences:
a. Science is the sword in the stone that humanity finally pulled.
Science is the tool that the human race finally possesses. It has great potentials and is
believed to empower and benefit mankind.
b. They spread out like foragers on a picket line, each alone or in small groups
probing a carefully chosen, narrow sector.
Similar to those who scatter around the rope along which horses are tied and begin to
search widely for food or provisions, scientists, with particular research tasks in their
minds, either working individually or cooperating with others, are desperate to make
discoveries.
c. They are fellow prospectors pressing deeper into an abstracted world, content most
of the time to pick up an occasional nugget but dreaming of the mother lode.
Like those who work together to search for minerals, they push themselves forward
and explore deeply into their research areas. They feel satisfied whenever there is a
clue to their research, but they would not stop moving forward until real
breakthroughs are made.
d. Some are as stolid as tax accounts in April.
Just like the tax accounts taxpayers generally receive in April, some scientists are not
very easily aroused or excited. They tend to act in a businesslike way.
e. To be highly successful the scientist must be confident enough to steer for blue
water, abandoning sight of land for a while.
A scientist who wants to achieve great success should have trust in his own abilities
and be keen on doing pioneering work which is full of risks and uncertainties,
without any help from previous research.
Vocabulary and structure
A
1) diagnostic 2) at most 3) spreading out 4) elitists 5) driven
6) set foot on 7) at large 8) utilitarian 9) for its own sake 10) ethos
10
B
1) sift 2) Admittedly 3) diagnostic 4) counseled 5) notwithstanding
6) steer 7) probed 8) presumptuous 9) strewn with 10) follows up
C
1) ambition, objective, success, goal, victory
2) treasure, collector, critic, gallery, work
3) acquire, apply, broaden, extend, improve
4) experimental, natural, medical, behavioral, social
5) symmetry, parasite, pregnancy, science, gene
6) presumptuous, gregarious, generous, courageous, ferocious
7) productive, reclusive, compulsive, decisive, exclusive
8) marine, merge, oceanic, soil, plot, division
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION
A
1、 我没有得到这样一个机会。
2、 他并不愚笨，仅仅是无知而已。
3、 如果他不通知我，我就不去。
4、 他无权签订这种合同。
5、 虽然他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。
6、 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。
7、 今天下午学生统统要交作业。
8、它的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调，也不算过分。
9、她有礼貌地默认了她显然不懂得的事情。
10、威尔先生是个矮小、骨瘦如柴的人，黑头发、灰眼睛，脸上总挂着一丝微笑，谁都知道这笑容是伪装的。
B 见课文译文
UNIT SIX ANTHROPOLOGISTS ON THE FRONT LINES
Reading comprehension
1. Some anthropologists were criticized for their involvement in military actions.
2. Because CIA wants them to collaborate with the U.S. government’s war on terror.
The role social scientists play in the war is too early to assess though some reports
show they succeeded in reducing attacks from the Taliban.
11
3. Montgomery McFate is a navy anthropologist. She is an advocate of the
collaboration. Roberto Gonzalez is an associate professor of anthropology at San Jose
State University and leading member of the Network of Concerned Anthropologists.
He think in this kind of collaboration anthropology will become just another weapon.
4. “Subject” means a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational
procedures; “fervent petitioning” refers to the earnest and formal request AAA
received from some of its members to ban the involvement in the collaboration.
5. They find it difficult to be loyal to two communities.
6. Because civilian anthropologists have experienced ethical dilemmas, they would
not fully cooperate in military actions. Washington needs social scientists trained in
the agency’s own unique culture. But David Price argues that social scientists thinking
in an agency-like way would not be as helpful as civilian anthropologists.
7. First, it’s difficult to build a military education system to train experts in the social
sciences. Second, it takes longer to train them when compared to training general
officers.
8. The Administration did not take the experts’ advice very seriously.
Vocabulary and structure
A.
1. expel 2. full-fledged 3. fared 4. Colossal 5. Compromised
6. voluntary 7. anonymity 8. in-house 9. self-sufficient 10. besotted
B.
1. pilot 2. unwittingly 3. ad hoc 4. smack of 5. spike
6. soak up 7. certify 8. qualms 9. downright 10. outreach
C.
1. atheist 2. lyrics 3. colloquialism 4. counterpart 5. anti-heroine
6. self-regulation 7. undermine 8. Pentagon 9. pitfall 10. general
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION
A
12
1他父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意。
2 谈判时，我会感到紧张。一紧张，我就吃东西。
3 由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春。夏天到冬天昼夜温差很小。
4 八月中旬,修理组人员在骄阳下工作。
5 他发现自己在竭力抑制损伤灵魂的苦涩。
6 我把椅子挪过去坐下，开始两脚分开，但我突然觉得这样显得不尊重，太不拘礼节，便把两膝并拢，把双手随便地放在膝盖上。
B 见译文部分。
UNIT SEVEN ENTROPY
COMPREHENSION
1. It is a precise measure of the amount of disorder.
2. Things around her -- The car, the refrigerator, teeth, windows, baby sitter, hair, the
house, her glasses, and her son’s shoes – all seemed to get out of order.
3. Entropy can only increase, and can not be destroyed. The road to disorder is a
one-way street.
4. Examples in para.4
5. Water at the same level can not work no more, because the energy has defused and
driven away into chaotic caldron of randomness that can do us no possible good.
(students can also quote refrigerator as an example)
6. If couples do not patch small things up, they are doomed to fall apart;
relationships may worsen between nations once they lose opportunities to work
out solutions to conflicts.
7. False. It is possible but not easy since creating order in one corner of the universe
always creates more disorders somewhere else.
8. The answer is open. (students are supposed to indicate the price of combating
entropy.)
9. Like anything else, abilities deteriorate when we stop applying our energies to
them.
10. Our world is becoming more complex; our efforts to keep it in order would be
much harder. Entropy is avoidable but which means consistent efforts. But not
many people would consistently contribute their efforts.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1 get the better of 2 instinctively 3 chaotic 4 avalanche 5 random
6 combat 7 uneven 8 mechanics 9 collision 10 out of control
B
1. got the better of 2. Randomly 3. back on track 4. Preoccupied 5. Defuse
6. catch 7. Congregated 8. Futility 9. coincidence 10. well-oiled
13
C
1 waste treatment, waste disposal, waste management, waste classification, waste
gas/water
2 turn down, put down, crack down, beat down, knelt down
3 give up, get up, back up, make up, stir up, put up
4 down payment, downtown, downturn, downtime, down tank
5 untangle, undress, unlock, unloose, untie, unpick, undo
6 irresponsibility, irrationality, irreducibility, irreligion, irregularity
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION
A
1人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。
2 那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。
3 光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。
4 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。
5 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
6一天，匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时，一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他，让他立即为他送些食物来。
7 还不等我决定是谈还是不谈，我就看出来了，说也罢，沉默也罢，我的任何行动都不过是徒劳。
8 俄国最大的进攻开始于6月22日，这是为了配合英美军队在西线的进攻。
14
版权声明：本文标题：研究生英语读写译第二版1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文 内容由热心网友自发贡献，该文观点仅代表作者本人， 转载请联系作者并注明出处：https://m.elefans.com/dongtai/1709590677a230307.html， 本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌抄袭侵权/违法违规的内容，一经查实，本站将立刻删除。
发表评论