音乐流派中英文对照

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2024年3月17日发(作者：)

音乐流派中英文对照

第一篇：音乐流派中英文对照

0=“Blues”;布鲁斯

1=“ClassicRock”;经典摇滚

2=“Country”;乡村

3=“Dance”;舞曲

4=“Disco”;迪斯科

5=“Funk”;疯克

6=“Grunge”;垃圾乐

7=“Hip-Hop”;西哈

8=“Jazz”;爵士

9=“Metal”;金属

10=“NewAge”;新世纪音乐

12=“Other”;其他

13=“Pop”;流行

14=“R&B”RB

15=“Rap”;饶舌

17=“Rock”;摇滚

19=“Industrial”;工业金属

20=“Alternative”;另类

21=“Ska”;ska

22=“DeathMetal”;死亡金属

26=“Ambient”;氛围流行

27=“Trip-Hop”;triphop 28=“Vocal”;人声

29=“Jazz+Funk”;爵士疯克

31=“Trance”;trance

32=“Classical”;古典

33=“Instrumental”;纯乐器演奏

34=“Acid”;酸性

35=“House”;house舞曲

36=“Game”;游戏乐

39=“Noise”;噪音乐

41=“Bass”;贝斯 42=“Soul”;灵魂乐

43=“Punk”;朋克

44=“Space”;太空乐

46=“InstrumentalPop”;器乐流行

47=“InstrumentalRock”器乐摇滚

49=“Gothic”;哥特

50=“Darkwave”;暗潮

51=“Techno-Industrial”技术工业摇滚;52=“Electronic”;电

子乐

53=“Pop-Folk”;流行民谣

54=“Eurodance”;欧洲舞曲

55=“Dream”;梦幻流行 56=“SouthernRock”;南方摇滚

57=“Comedy”;喜剧乐

59=“Gangsta”;绑匪乐

60=“Top40”;顶级40

61=“ChristianRap”;基督饶舌

62=“Pop/Funk”;流行/朋克

63=“Jungle”丛林乐

64=“NativeAmerican”;美国土著乐

66=“NewWave”;新浪潮音乐

68=“Rave”;锐舞

71=“Lo-Fi”;低保真

73=“AcidPunk”;酸性朋克

74=“AcidJazz”;酸性爵士

78=“Rock&Roll”;摇滚

79=“HardRock”;硬摇滚

/* Extended genres */

80=“Folk”;民谣

81=“Folk-Rock”;民谣摇滚

82=“NationalFolk”;民谣

83=“Swing”;摇摆乐

86=“Latin”;拉丁乐

88=“Celtic”;凯尔特音乐

91=“GothicRock”;哥特摇滚

92=“ProgessiveRock”;激进摇滚

95=“SlowRock”;慢摇

96=“BigBand”;大乐队

97=“Chorus”;合唱

99=“Acoustic”;不插电音乐

103=“Opera”;歌剧

104=“ChamberMusic”;室内音乐

112=“Club”;俱乐部乐

Tango“;探戈

RhythmicSoul”;节奏灵魂乐

Freestyle“;自由乐

”PunkRock“;朋克摇滚

”Euro-House“;欧洲house DanceHall”;舞厅乐

Drum&Bass“;鼓与贝丝

Hardcore”;硬核

Terror“;恐怖

Indie”;独立音乐

BritPop“;英式摇滚

”Beat“;打击乐”ChristianGangstaRap“;基督绑匪饶舌乐

”HeavyMetal“;重金属 ”BlackMetal";黑金

第二篇：音乐专业术语中英文对照

Accordion 手风琴

Aftertouch 触后

Alto 女低音

Amplitude 振幅

Amplitude Modulation(AM)调幅

Analogue 模拟的Anticipation 先现音

Arpeggio 琶音，分解和弦

Attack 起音

Audio 音频

Augmented 增音程，增和弦

Ballade 叙事曲

Band 波段，大乐队

Banjo 班卓琴（美国民间乐器）

Bank 音色库

Baritone 男中音

Barline 小节线

Baroque 巴罗克

Bass 贝司

Bassoon 大管（巴松）

Brass 铜管总称

Cassette 卡座

Cello 大提琴

Channel 音色通道

Choir 人声合唱

Chord 和弦

Chorus 合唱效果器

Clarinet 单簧管

Clef 谱号

Combination 组合音色

Compressor 压缩效果器

Concerto 协奏曲

Console 调音台

Contrabass 低音提琴

Ctrl 控制器

Cymbal 镲，钹

Decay 衰减

Delay 延迟效果器

Digital 数码的

Diminished 减音程，减和弦

Distorted 失真效果器

Dolby NR 杜比降噪 Dominant 属音（和弦）

Dot 附点

Drum 鼓

Duration 音符的时值

Echo 回声，反射

Effector 效果器

Encore 返场加演曲目

English Horn 英国管

Enhance 增益

Envelope 包络

EQ(Equalizer)均衡器

Exciter 激励器

External 外置的，外部设备的Fade in 淡入

Fade out 淡出

Fantasia 幻想曲

Filter 滤波器

Flange 凸缘效果器

Flat 降号

Flute 长笛

French Horn 圆号（法国号）

Frequency 频率

Frequency Modulation(FM)调频

Fret 吉它指板

Fretless Bass 无品贝司

Grace Note 装饰音

Grand Piano 三角钢琴

Graphic 图解式的Guitar 吉它

Harmonica 口琴

Harmony 和声，和声学

Harp 竖琴

Harpsichord 古钢琴

Instrument 乐器

Intermezzo 间奏曲

Internal 内置的，内部的Interval 音程

Inversion 转位

Key 调

Keyboard 键盘

Leading-note 导音

LFO 低频震荡器 Loop 循环反复

Lyric 歌词

Major 大调的March 进行曲

Measure 小节

Metronome 节拍器

Minor 小调的Modulation 调制

Mordent 波音

Monitor 监听

Mono 单声道

Multiple 多重，多轨

Mute 静音

Nocturne 夜曲

Normalize 最大化波形

Note 音符

Nylon 尼龙弦吉它

Oboe 双簧管

Octave 八度

Opera 歌剧

Orchestral 交响乐团

Organ 管风琴

Overdrive 过载效果器

Overture 序曲

Pad 铺垫和弦

Pan 相位

Pattern 模板

Pedal 踏板

Percussion 打击乐

Phase 相位调整

Phones 耳机

Piccolo 短笛

Pitch 音高

Pitch Bend 音高的滑动（推弦）

Pizz String 弦乐器拨弦

Playback 回放

Polyphony 复调,复音数

Prelude 前奏曲

Quantize 量化

Quartet 四重奏（唱）

Quintet 五重奏（唱）

Realtime 实时的 Recorder 竖笛

Relative key 关系调

Release 释音

Renaissance 文艺复兴

Reverb 混响

Reverse 颠倒位置

Rhapsody 狂想曲

Sample 采样器

Sample rate 采样率

Sampler 采样器

Sawtooth 锯齿波

Sax 萨克斯

Scale 音阶

Score 谱面

Serenade 小夜曲

Sequencer 音序器

Sharp 升号

Sine 正弦波

Sitar 西他（印度乐器）

SMPTE 音视频同步码

Solo 独奏

Sonata 奏鸣曲

Soprano 女高音

Spectrum 频谱

Square 方型波

Staff 五线谱

Steel 钢弦吉它

Stereo 立体声

Strings 弦乐器

Subdominant 下属音（和弦）

Suspension 延留音

Sustain 延音（踏板）

Symphony 交响曲

Synth 合成的

Synthesizer 合成器

Tab 吉它六线谱

Tape 磁带

Tempo 速度

Tenor 男高音

Timpani 定音鼓

Tonica 主和弦

Track 音轨 Transpose 移调

Tremolo 颤音

Trembone 长号

Trio 三重奏（唱）

Trumpet 小号

Tuba 大号

Turn 调音

Velocity 触键力度

Vibrato 颤音，振动

Viola 中提琴

Violin 小提琴

Voice 声部

Volume 音量

Wah 哇音效果器

Xylophone 木琴

第三篇：中英文对照A

《美国口语惯用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道这到底是怎么

回事。How about a fish sandwich? 来一块鱼肉三明治怎么样？

What about me? 我怎么样？I'm not about to go in that old house.

我是不会进那幢旧房子的！Yes I remember that about

it? 是的，我记得那个晚上，那又怎样？What's this all about? 这到底

是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你该露面的时

候了。

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持

安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.汤姆认为自己没必要努力工

作。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把发生的事

演示一下吗？Watch sometimes likes to act up in class.注

意里基，他又是喜欢在课堂上捣蛋。That profane comedian needs

to clean up his act.那个爱说粗言秽语的喜剧演员应该净化一下自己的

言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我们

需要统一意见后来见你。The newspapers called the earthquake an

act of God.报纸上称那次地震为天灾。Masa is a class act.玛莎是位

杰出的女性。

1)

2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我们打算控

告我们的债务人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame?

昨晚的棒球比赛中你看到有什么有趣的精彩场面吗？Our community

is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地区

要采取行动反对那项垃圾处理场的提案。Jim wants to go where the

action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

age

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我们的对手

在身高上比我们占有优势。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.

没有人喜欢被捉弄（或：被欺骗、利用）

1)

2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like

things are gonna work out after all.看起来事情终会解决的。This

soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.这软饮料有种让人难受的余味。I

see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你

的意思，但你不觉

得这已是“事后诸葛亮”了吗？

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三

地去日本。（注：意指不会感到

厌倦）

1)

2)Would you please act your age!请你做事要有一个与自己年龄

相称的样子。This is a “coming of age” movie.这是一部成人影片。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸点新

鲜空气。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.虽然

我不知道到底是出了什么差错，但我能隐隐约约感觉到。Mike was

sad when they took his favorite program off the air.当迈克喜欢的

节目被取消时，他感到很伤心。The sale of our house is still up in

the air.我们的房子出勤率售一事还没有最后定下来。After winning

the championship, I felt I could walk on air.获得冠军后，我飘飘欲

仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是来个没有头脑的人。

Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克逊的

新歌到处都在不断地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got

airsick.上次我乘飞机时晕机了。I hope there's no bad air between

us.我希望我们之间的关系不要很别扭。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起来最后我们还

是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我们已几乎完成了那个

项目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.总的来说，

我认为这一天过得很充实。Let's go all-out and win this game!让我

们尽全力来打赢这场比赛。We knew it was all over when we saw

the building burst.当我们看见那座建筑突然起火时，我们知道一切全

完了。We wish you all the best.我们大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all

the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果这对你都是一回事的

话，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-

out.他们以极快的速度逃脱警察的追赶。I didn't see them come in

at all.我根本高没有发现他们的进来。Let's settle this matter once

and for all.让我们来把这个问题一次性地彻底解决掉。Mark is an all-

around athlete.马克是一个全能运动员。Did you get to play in the

all-star game? 你入选全明星队的比赛了吗？He bloke the all-time

record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的学校

100米跑的历史最高记录。

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽车不是我拿手的活

儿。

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一个人呆会儿。Can't you

just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些闲事吗？

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你从一开始就知道所

发生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相处

得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5) came here searching for the American dream.帕克

先生来到这儿寻求他的“美国梦”。Some foreigners become

Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外国人在美国居住时被美

国化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally

unAmerican.没有选择职业的自由是完全违背美国精神传统的。Bill is

an all-American quarterback.比尔是全美（橄榄球）明星赛的四分卫

队员。I just can't go on the American way.我无法适应美国方式。

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水运动真

正激发出了汤姆的活力与激情。The young actor emits a lot of

animal magnetism on the screen.那个年轻演员在荧幕

上充分显示出他的性魅力。

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我给埃米打了电话，但

是没人接。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去过纽约吗？Do I

sense an apple of discord between you two? 你问我有没有感觉出

你们两人之间的不和，是吗？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是

我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.丽

塔喜欢把一切都弄得井井有条。Dennis has always been an apple

polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一个马屁精。

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.

用不着你强迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair

quarterback.我爸爸是一个没救了的纸上谈兵的人。The suspects

are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯带有武器，十分危险。Every

spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天

公园里到处都是

手挽手散步的恋人。

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.约翰逊教练已

有三十年的经验了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有

人在这里昼夜值班。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起来在人来

过这里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我准备回家。Marty

is acting as if nothing happened.马蒂表现得像什么也没发生过一样。

I want this room left as is.我希望这间房子保持原样。The changes

will begin taking place as of tomorrow.变动从明天开始实施。

Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察

局搜寻绑架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我们每个月的煤气

费平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a

week.我们平均每周吃一次鸡肉。Kent describes himself as just an

average Joe.肯特视自己为一名普通的美国人。On the average day,

over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美国平常日

子里，有100,000个孩子带手枪去上学。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是

什么使你认为你可以免受处罚？I wish they'd do away with these

complicated tax forms.我希望他们能费除掉这些复杂的税务表格。

We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我们正在

为庆祝我们的纪念日而安排一次周末的外出活动。Tom wants to run

away from home.汤姆想从家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to

steal away on vacation.戴夫和凯茜计划在假期里偷偷跑出

去。

第四篇：中英文对照

医院中英文对照

发热门诊Have Fever主治医师Doctor-in-charge 供应室Supply

Room谢绝入内No entering 红灯亮时谢绝入内No entering when

red light

彩超、心电图Colorful Cardiogram/ECG住院楼Inpatient

Building 透析血磁EndoscopeDept.护士Nueser康复理疗科

RehabilitationPhysiotherapyDept.中药计价China medical price

account肛肠科Ano-proctology

皮肤、肛肠、男性科、泌尿科候诊Dermatology、Ano-

proctology、male Urology Clinic 皮肤科、肛肠科、男性科、泌尿科

Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Dept 中医科

Traditional Chinese Medicine五官科ENT Dept.男性科、泌尿科

Male urology Dept.安全出口Exit

预防保健科Medical center for health preventionand care

后勤科、药库Logistic Room、Seore入院登记In-patient

Admisson 高压氧治疗Hyperbaric Oxygehation Therapy碎石中心

ESWL Center 急救中心Emergency Center挂号收费Registration

中心药房Cenreral Pharmacy内科门诊Internal Medicine Clinic

会议室Meeting Room手外科Hand Surgery 产科Obstentrics Dept.

骨外科Orthopedics Dept.神经、烧伤外科ic

surgey Dept.麻醉科Anaesthesiology手术室Operation Room 泌

尿、肿瘤外科urgery Dept.妇科Gynecology Dept.

内二科Internal 2产房及爱婴中心Delivery Room内

一科Internal 1洗手间Toilet

普外、胸外科Surgey、Thoracic Surgey Dept.皮肤科

Dermatology Dept.中医骨伤科Traditional Mediaine or

Thopaedics餐厅Dining Room 配餐室Pantry Room后勤科Logistics

Dept.电工室Electrician Room接待室Dermatology Room 内、儿科

候诊 Internal rics功能检查候诊Function Exam 中

医科候诊TCM Clinic放射科候诊Radiology Clinic 妇科门诊

Gynecology Dept.产科候诊Obstentrics Clinic 肛肠科候诊Ano-

proctology妇科候诊Gynecology Clinic 产科门诊Obstentrics Dept.

五官科候诊 外科候诊Surgery Clinic输液中心Transfusion

Center 皮肤、泌尿科候诊 Urology Clinic检验候

诊Clinical Laborotories 家属休息Relation Rest Room口腔科门诊

Stomatology Clinic 内儿科Internal rics镜检科

Endoscope Dept.外科Surgrey Dept.检验中心Laboratory Center 功

能检查Function Exam Dept.登记处Registration 预防保健门诊

Hygine ＆ Public Health Dept.收费处Cashier 美容科、镜检科门诊

Cosmetology ope Clinic

收费健康发证Gharge lssue Bill of Health试敏观察室Scratch

Espial Room

第五篇：中英文对照

共轨技术

随着人们对低油耗、低废气排放、发动机低噪声的需求越来越大，

对发动机和燃油喷射系统的要求也越来也高。对柴油发动机燃油喷射

系统提出的要求也在不断增加。更高的压力、更快的开关时间，以及

根据发动机工况修订的可变的流量速率曲线，已经使得柴油发动机具

有良好的经济性、低污染、高动力性，因此柴油发动机甚至进入了豪

华高性能轿车领域。达到这些需求的前提是拥有一个可以精确雾化燃

油并具有高喷油压力的燃油喷射系统。同时，喷油量必须精确计算，

燃油流量速率曲线必须有精确的计算模型，预喷射和二次喷射必须能

够完成。一个可以达到以上需求的系统即共轨燃油喷射系统。

共轨系统包括以下几个主要的部分： ①低压部分，包含燃油共轨

系统组件。

②高压系统，包含高压泵、油轨、喷油器和高压油管等组件。

电控柴油机系统EDC主要由系统模块，如传感器、电子控制单元

和执行机构组成。共轨系统的主要部分即喷油器。它们拥有一个可以

快速开关喷嘴的执行阀(电磁阀或压电触发器)，这就允许对每个气缸的

喷射进行控制。

所有的喷油器都由一个共同的油轨提供燃油，这就是“共轨”的

由来。在共轨燃油喷射系统中，燃油喷射和压力的产生是分开的。喷

油压力的产生与发动机转速和喷油量无关。EDC控制每个组件。

(1)压力产生。

燃油喷射和压力的产生是通过蓄能器分离开来。将具有压力的燃

油提供给为喷射做好准备的共轨系统的蓄能器。

由发动机驱动的连续运转的高压泵提供所需喷油的压力。无论发

动机的转速高低，还是燃油喷射量的多少，油轨中的压力均维持在一

定值。由于几乎一致的喷油方式，高压泵的设计可以小的多，而且它

的驱动转矩可以比传统燃油喷射系统低，这源于高压泵的负载很小。

高压泵是径向活塞泵，在商用车上有时会使用内嵌式喷油泵。(2)

压力控制

所应用的压力控制方法主要取决于系统。

一种控制油轨压力的方式是通过一个压力控制阀对高压侧进行控

制。不需喷射的燃油通过压力控制阀流回到低压回路。这种控制回路

允许油轨压力对不同工况(如负载变化时)迅速做出反应。

在第一批共轨系统中采用了对高压侧的控制。压力控制阀安装在

燃油轨道上更可取，但是在一些应用中，它被直接安装在高压泵中。

另一种控制轨道压力的方式是进口端控制燃油供给。安装在高压

泵的法兰上的计量单元保证了泵提供给油轨精确的燃油量，以维持系

统所需要的喷油压力。

发生故障时，压力安全阀防止油轨压力超过最大值。

在进口端对燃油供给的控制减少了高压燃油的用量，降低了泵的

输入功率。这对燃油消耗起到积极的作用。同时，流回油箱的燃油温

度与传统高压侧控制的方法相比得到了降低。

双执行器系统也是一种控制轨道压力的方式，它通过计算单元对

压力进行控制，并且通过压力控制阀对高压端进行控制，因此同时具

备高压侧控制与进口端燃料供给控制的优势。

(3)燃油喷射

喷油器直接将燃料喷到发动机的燃烧室。它们由与燃油轨道直接

相连的短高压油轨提供燃油。发动机的控制单元通过与喷油器结合在

一起的控制阀的开闭控制喷油嘴的开关。

喷油器的开启时间和系统油压决定了燃油供给量。在恒压状态下，

燃油供给量与电磁阀的开启时间成正比，因此与发动机或油泵的转速

(以时间为计量的燃油喷射)无关。

(4)液压辅助动力

与传统燃油喷射系统相比，将压力的产生与燃油的喷射分离开来，

有利于燃烧室的充分燃烧。燃油喷射压力在系统中基本可以自主选择。

目前最高燃油压力为1600巴，将来会达到1800巴。

共轨系统通过引入预喷射或多次喷射可以进一步减少废气排放，

也能明显降低燃烧噪声。通过多次触发高速转换阀的开闭可以在每个

喷射周期内实现多达5次的喷射。喷油针阀的开闭动作是液压辅助元

件助力的，以保证喷射结束的快速性。

(5)控制和调节

发动机的控制单元通过传感器检测加速踏板的位置以及发动机和

车辆的当前工况。采集到的数据包括：

① 曲轴转速和转角； ② 燃油轨道的压力； ③ 进气压力；

④ 进气温度、冷却液温度和燃油温度； ⑤ 进气量； ⑥ 车速等。

电控单元处理输入信号。与燃烧同步，电控单元计算施加给压力

控制阀或计算模块、喷油器和其他执行机构(如EGR阀，废气涡轮增压

器)的触发信号。

喷油器的开关时间应很短，采用优化的高压开关阀和专业的控制

系统即可实现。

根据曲轴和凸轮轴传感器的数据，对照发动机状态(时间控制)，角

度/时间系统调节喷油正时。电控柴油机系统(EDC)可以实现对燃油喷

射量的精确计算。此外，EDC还拥有额外的功能以进一步提高发动机

的响应特性和便利性。

其基本功能包括对柴油燃油喷射正时的精确控制，和在给定压力

下对油量的控制。这样，它们就保证了柴油发动机具有能耗低、运行

平稳的特点。

其他开环和闭环控制功能用于减少废气排放和燃油消耗，或提供

附加的可靠性和便利性，具体例子有：

① 废气在循环控制； ② 增压控制； ③ 巡航控制；

④ 电子防盗控制系统等。(6)控制单元结构。

由于发动机控制单元通常最多有8个喷油器输出口，所以超过八

缸的发动机需要两个控制单元。它们通过内置高速CAN网络的“主/

从”接口进行连接，因此也拥有较高的微控制器处理能力。一些功能

被 分配给某个特定的控制单元(如燃料平衡控制)，其功能根据需求情

况(如检测传感器信号)可以动态地分配给一个或多个控制单元。

The Common Rail Calls for lower fuel consumption, reduced

exhaust-gas emission, and quiet engines are making greater

demands on the engine and fuel-injection demands

placed on diesel-engine fuel-injection systems are continuously

pressures, faster switching times, and a

variable rate-of-discharge curve modified to the engine

operating state have made the diesel engine economical, clean,

and a result, diesel engines have even entered the

realm of luxury-performance demands can only be

met by a fuel-injection the same time the injected

fuel quantity must be very precisely metered, and the rate-of-

discharge curve must have an exact shape, and pre-injection and

secondary injection must be performable.A system that meets

these demands is the common-rail fuel-injection

main advantage of the common-rail system is its ability to vary

injection pressure and timing over a broad was

achieved by separating pressure generation(in the high-pressure

pump)from the fuel-injection system(injection).The rail here acts

as a pressure ple of the Common Rail The

common-rail system consists of the following main component

groups: ① The low-pressure stage, comprising the fuel-supply

system components;② The high-pressure system, comprising

components such as the high-pressure pump, fuel-rail, injector,

and high-pressure fuel electronic diesel control(EDC),

consisting of system modules, such as sensors, the electronic

control unit, and key components of the common-

rail system are the are fitted with a rapid-action

valve(solenoid valve or piezo-triggered actuator)which opens

and closes the permits control of the injection

process for each the injectors are fed by a common

fuel rail, this being the origin of the term “common rail”.In the

common-rail fuel-injection system, the function of pressure

generation and fuel injection are injection pressure

is generated independent of the engine speed and the injected

fuel electronic diesel control(EDC)controls each of

the components.(1)Pressure re generation and

fuel injection are separated by means of an accumulator

under pressure is supplied to the accumulator

volume of the common

rail ready for injection.A continuously operating high-

pressure pump driven by the engine produces the desired

injection re in the fuel rail is maintained

irrespective of engine speed or injected fuel to

the almost uniform injection pattern, the high-pressure pump

design can be much smaller and its drive-system torque can be

lower than conventional fuel-injection results in a

much lower load on the pump high-pressure pump is

a radial-piston commercial vehicles, an in-line fuel-

injection pump is sometimes fitted.(2)Pressure Control The

pressure control method applied is largely dependent on the

way of controlling rail pressure is to control the high-

pressure side by a pressure-control not required for

injection flows back to the low-pressure circuit via the pressure-

control type of control loop allows rail pressure to react

rapidly to changes in operating point( the event of load

changes).Control on the high-pressure side was adopted on the

first common-rail pressure-control valve is mounted

preferably on the fuel some applications, however, it is

mounted directly on the high-pressure r way of

controlling rail pressure is to control fuel delivery on the suction

metering unit flanged on the high-pressure pump

makes sure that the pump delivers exactly the right quantity of

fuel rail in order to maintain the injection pressure required by

the a fault situation, the pressure-relief valve prevents

rail pressure from exceeding a -delivery control on

the suction side reduces the quantity of fuel under high pressure

and lowers the power input of the has a positive

impact on fuel the same time, the temperature

of the fuel flowing back to the fuel tank is reduced in contrast to

the control method on the high-pressure two-actuator

system is also a way of controlling rail pressure, which combines

pressure control on the suction side via the metering unit and

control on the high-pressure side via the pressure-control valve,

thus marrying the advantages of high-pressure-side control and

suction-side fuel-delivery control.(3)Fuel injectors

spray fuel directly into the engine’s combustion

are supplied by short high-pressure fuel lines connected to the

fuel engine control unit controls the switching valve

integrated in the injector to open and close

the injector injector opening times and system

pressure determine the quantity of fuel a constant

pressure, the fuel quantity delivered is proportional to the

switching time of the solenoid is, therefore,

independent of engine or pump speed(time-based fuel

injection).(4)Potential Hydraulic ting the functions

of pressure generation and fuel injection opens up future

degrees of freedom in the combustion process compared with

conventional fuel-injection systems;the injection pressure at

pressure at present is 160 MPa;in future this will rise to 180

common-rail system allows a future reduction in

exhaust-gas emissions by introducing pre-injection events or

multiple injection events and also attenuating combustion noise

le injection events of up to five per injection

cycle can be generated by triggering the highly rapid-action

switching valve several nozzle-needle closing action is

hydraulically assisted to ensure that the end of injection is

rapid.(5)Control and engine control unit detects

the accelerator-pedal position and the current operating states

of the engine and vehicle by means of data collected

includes:

① Crankshaft speed and angle;② Fuel-rail pressure;③

Charge-air pressure:

④ Intake air, coolant temperature, and fuel temperature: ⑤

Air-mass intake: ⑥ Road speed, electronic control unit

evaluates the input sync with combustion, it calculates

the triggering signals for the pressure-control valve or the

metering unit, the injectors, and the other actuators( EGR

valve, exhaust-gas turbocharger actuators, etc.).The injector

switching times, which need to be short, are achievable using the

optimized high-pressure switching valves and a special control

angle/time system compares injection timing, based

on data from the crankshaft and camshaft sensors, with the

engine

state(time control).The electronic diesel

control(EDC)permits a precise metering of the injected fuel

addition, EDC offers the potential for additional functions

that can improve engine response and basic

functions involve the precise control of diesel-fuel injection

timing and fuel quantity at the reference this way,

they ensure that the diesel engine has low consumption and

smooth running onal open-and close-loop

control functions perform the tasks of reducing exhaust-gas

emissions and fuel consumption, or providing added safely and

examples are:

① Control of exhaust-gas recirculation;② Boost-pressure

control;③ Cruise control;

④ Electronic immobilizer, etc.(6)Control Unit

the engine control unit normally has a

maximum of only eight output stages for the injectors, engines

with more than eight cylinders are fitted with two engine control

are coupled within the “ master/slave ” network via

an internal, high-speed CAN a result, there is also a

high microcontroller processing capacity

functions are permanently allocated to a specific control

unit(-balancing control).Other can be dynamically

allocated to one or many of the control units as situation

demand( detect sensor signals).

本文标签： 燃油控制压力系统喷射