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2024年4月1日发(作者：)
The human brain is the most complex structure on the universe. It contains roughly
100 billion nerve cells, each of which has thousands of connections with each other.
Their interaction controls each of the body’s functions, allows thoughts, perceptions,
memories, feelings, and also movement and communication. Understanding just how
the brain works, in health or in sickness, is one of the 71greatest challenges of our
time. What is determined by genes, what is formed by experience? Scientists are
investigating all aspects of the nervous system. Great progress can be expeeted in
visualizing and modeling brain functions, as well as in research into their biological
basis. Today, it is assumed that 30 to 50 percent of human genes exercise their
function chiefly in the brain. This gives an indication of the complexity of the genetic
control and development. The cause of many nerve diseases lies in defects in genes
that play a role in development. Half of all genetic diseases affect the nervous system.
The brain can only reach its full capability through interaction with its surroundings.
Researchers are examining the interaction of genes and experiences with regard to the
expression and fine-tuning of nerve circuits in the brain. How do nerve cell processes
find their goal? How do different brain areas develop? How do perceiving functions
mature? Thanks to research, the prevention and cure of may brain diseases seems
possible for the first time. Better knowledge of the way the brain processes
information could, moreover, make new computers possible。
人类的大脑是最复杂的结构在宇宙。它包含大约1000亿个神经细胞,每一个都有成千上万的彼此的联系。他
们的交互控制每个身体的功能,允许思想、认知、记忆、感觉、运动和交流也。理解大脑如何工作,健康或
疾病,是71年的一个最大挑战我们的时间。什么是由基因决定的,是由经验吗?科学家们正在研究神经系统的
所有方面。很大的进步可以expeeted在可视化和建模的大脑功能,以及在研究他们的生物学基础。今天,它
是假定30至50%的人类基因行使功能主要是在大脑中。这给了一个指示的复杂性遗传控制和发展。许多神经
疾病的原因在于基因缺陷,发展中发挥作用。一半的遗传疾病影响神经系统。大脑只能充分发挥能力通过它
与环境之间的互相作用。研究人员正在研究该基因间的相互作用和经验对于表达式和微调在大脑的神经回
路。神经细胞过程如何找到他们的目标?不同的大脑区域如何发展呢?如何感知功能成熟吗?由于研究、预防
和治疗脑部疾病的可能第一次看起来似乎是可能的。更好的了解大脑处理信息可以,此外,使新电脑成为可
能。
2013年6月英语六级完形填空原文+答案+解析
The continuous presentation of scary stories about global warming in the popular
media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it __62__ our kids.
Al Gore famously __63__ how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood
Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, __64__the United Nations says that such
a thing will not even happen, __65__ that sea levels will rise 20 times less than
that.
When __66__ with these exaggerations, some of us say that they are for a good cause,
and surely __67__ is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on tackling
climate change.
This __68__ is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying
__69__ about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we
could do so much more good. We focus, __70 __, on global warming's impact on malaria
(疟疾)-which will put slightly more people at __71__ in 100 years - instead of
tackling the half a billion people __72__from malaria today with prevention and
treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon
reduction would be.
__73__ also wears out the public's willingness to tackle global warming. If the
planet is __74__, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters
now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A
__75__ of people now believe – incorrectly – that global warming is not even
caused by humans.
But the __76__ cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it
causes – particularly __77__ children. An article in The Washington Post cited
nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal __78__ from
global warming.
The newspaper also reported that parents are __79__ "productive" outlets for their
eight-year-olds' obsessions (忧心忡忡) with dying polar bears. They might be better
off educating them and letting them know that, contrary __80__ common belief, the
global polar bear population has doubled and perhaps even quadrupled (成为四倍) over
the past half- century, to about 22,000. __81__ diminishing - and eventually
disappearing - summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct.
本文选自2009年6月15日英国卫报里面的一篇报道，讲述了夸大气候变暖引起了一些不必
要的惊慌的现象。
连续演讲关于全球变暖的可怕的故事在大众媒体让我们感到不必要的害怕。更糟糕的是,它__62__我们的孩
子。
戈尔著名__63__如何的海平面上升20英尺几乎完全洪水佛罗里达、纽约、荷兰,和上海、__64__the联合国
说,这种事会不会发生,__65__,海平面将上升小于20倍。
当__66__这些夸张,我们中的一些人说,他们的一个好理由,肯定是没有人受到伤害__67__如果结果是我们
更加专注于应对气候变化。
这__68__是极大的谬误。这样的夸张带来诸多伤害。令人担忧的__69__有关全球变暖意味着我们少担心其
他的事情,我们能做的这么多好。我们专注,__70 __,在全球变暖的气候对疟疾的影响(疟疾)——将在
__71__略多的人在100年——而不是解决十亿人__72__from疟疾今天与预防和治疗策略更便宜和更有效的
减少碳排放显著比会。
__73__也穿出公众的意愿解决全球变暖问题。如果地球是__74__,人们想知道,为什么吗?创纪录的54%的美
国选民们现在相信新闻媒体把全球变暖显得比实际情况更糟。一个__75__的人现在相信错误观点,全球变暖
甚至不是由人类引起的。
但是__76__夸张的成本,我认为这是不必要的报警,它会导致——尤其是__77__孩子。《华盛顿邮报》一篇
文章的小女孩Alyssa,谁哭的可能性__78__大规模动物从全球变暖。
报纸还报道说,父母是__79__“生产性”施展八岁的困扰(忧心忡忡)与垂死的北极熊。他们可能会更好教育他
们,让他们知道,共同的信仰,相反__80__全球北极熊数量已经翻了一番,也许甚至三倍(成为四倍)在过去半
个世纪,大约22000。__81__正在减少,并最终消失,夏季北极冰,北极熊不会灭绝。
【答案及解析】
62. C. terrifies 考查动词辨析。exhaust 表示“使筋疲力尽，用尽”；suppress表示“镇
压，抑制”；terrify 表示“使惊吓”；disgust表示“使反感”。前文表明关于气候变暖
的惊悚报道让我们感到恐惧，更糟糕的是，它吓到了我们的孩子们。
63. D. depicted考查动词辨析。dismiss表示“开除，解散”；distract表示“使分心，
分散”；deposit表示“储蓄，寄存”；depict表示“描绘，描述”。
64. B. even though 考查连词。题考查考生对上下句关系的理解，上半句Al Gore讲述海
平面上升20英尺会几乎完全淹没佛罗里达、纽约、荷兰和上海，后半句讲联合国说这种事
不会发生，由此可见前后句是转折的关系，所以用even though，表示“尽管”；而as if
表示“似乎”；in that表示“因为”；in case表示“以防”。
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