考研英语一阅读历年真题

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2024年4月3日发(作者：)

考研英语一阅读历年真题

考研英语一阅读历年真题1

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The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you

got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid”

media – such as television commercials and print

advertisements – still play a major role， companies today can

exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate

about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail

alerts about products and sales to customers registered with

its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range

of factors beyond conventional paid media.

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers

promoting their own products. For earned media ， such

marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in

some cases， one marketer’s owned media become another

marketer‘s paid media – for instance， when an e-commerce

retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold

media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other

organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within

that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its

infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providers

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such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.

Johnson Johnson， for example， has created BabyCenter， a

stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and

even competitive products. Besides generating income， the

presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，

gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information

about the appeal of other companies’ marketing， and may help

expand user traffic for all companies concerned.

The same dramatic technological changes that have

provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications

choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers

will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much

more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of

earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，

other stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations

about a brand or product. Members of social networks， for

instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply

pressure on the businesses that originally created them.

If that happens， passionate consumers would try to

persuade others to boycott products， putting the reputation

of the target company at risk. In such a case， the company‘s

response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and the

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learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example，

alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier

this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated

social-media response campaign， which included efforts to

engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the

social-news site Digg.

ers may create “earned” media when they are

[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.

[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.

[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.

[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite

products.

32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature

[A] a safe business environment.

[B] random competition.

[C] strong user traffic.

[D] flexibility in organization.

33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media

[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.

[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.

[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.

[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.

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34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of

[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.

[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.

[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.

[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.

35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?

[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.

[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.

[C] Dominance of hijacked media.

[D] Popularity of owned media.

考研英语一阅读历年真题2

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The journal Science is adding an extra source at

Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced

today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after

widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are

contributing to the Published research findings.

Readers must have confidence in the conclusions

published in our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial. Working

with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has

appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing

Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the

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Journals editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors

or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external

statisticians to review these

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the

change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatistics boardwas

motivated by concerns broadly with the application of

statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part

of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the

research we publish.

Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard

School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he

expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed

to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment

of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting

impact. This impact will not only be through the publications

in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of

publishing places that may want to model their approach after

Science.

John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research

methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome step

forwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical

review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. I

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think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,

statistical review is more essential than expert review,he says.

But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal

Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and

The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.

Professional scientists are expected to know how to

analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in

published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist.

Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2022，

but journals should also take a tougher line，engaging reviewers

who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the

says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to

statisticians has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies

on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that

need scrutinyin the first place.

31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that

[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.

[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.

[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.

[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.

32. The phrase flagged up (Para.2)is the closest in

meaning to

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[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment

of the SBoRE may

[A]pose a threat to all its peers

[B]meet with strong opposition

[C]increase Sciences circulation.

[D]set an example for other journals

34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now

A. adds to researchers worklosd.

B. diminishes the role of reviewers.

C. has room for further improvement.

D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.

35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers

B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect

C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors Desks

D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

考研英语一阅读历年真题3

Text 3

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Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal

between Britains National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind

must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind

is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies

in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare

is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration

of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that

the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her

damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the

NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million

patients In 2022 on the basis of a vague agreement which took

far too little account of the patients rights and their

expectations of privacy.

DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended

its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between

the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure

that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and

all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about

informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only

angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham

chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under

existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely

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