2020高考英语三模前任务型阅读专题练14(教师版)三年真题研读专练

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2024年4月21日发(作者：)

三年真题·研读专练

三模前任务型阅读专题练14

题组一

Generally speaking, perfectionism is a good thing, if it makes you do better work and try harder to complete

tasks well. However, perfectionism can become a bad thing when it stops you feeling satisfied with yourself or

what you’ve accomplished. Every artist knows how important it is to stop adding touches to their paintings and

how constantly adding elements can end up ruining the work. If you constantly demand only the very best from

yourself, this can damage your self-respect as you find nothing you do will live up to your expectations. And if you

extend this harsh(

无情的

)judgment to your friends and family and only focus on the negatives around them, you

will find that they begin to dislike and avoid you.

So how do you get rid of these kinds of negative perfectionism? The following suggestions might help you a

lot.

First of all, you’d better think twice about your standards. Look at what other people do. How long does it take

them to carry out a project? Are their lower standards getting them fired? Do they still accomplish good work? Are

your exacting(

苛求的

)standards worth the cost in terms of time and energy? I am sure that you can learn a lot from

your answers.

Secondly, don’t always compare yourself with others. Perfectionists tend to have high standards. For example,

an artist who thinks his work is never done might be comparing his paintings to those of Vincent van Gogh,

Leonardo da Vinci or other great artists. Remember that only a few people can become great masters and that most

of us are just common people.

Last but not least, try to look at the situation objectively. If you are constantly adjusting things and never feel

satisfied, then the chances are that you are too close to the situation and that you can’t judge it rightly any more.

You’d better ask those around you what they think and whether they think your work is good enough. Besides, give

your project some breathing space by leaving it alone for some time, so you can come back to it with “fresh eyes”.

Nobody, nor any idea, is perfect. If you have a perfectionist streak in you, try and let it go, and embrace the

process of getting your idea out into the world, rather than focusing on the end result.

Perfectionism is holding you back

It can make one (72) ▲ with himself or his achievements.

(71) ▲ perfectionism can cause

It can get one’s self-respect damaged.

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It can make one lose (73) ▲ among his friends and family

members.

(75) ▲ your

standards

Avoid making

Ways of (74) ▲ perfectionism

Ask others for their (79) ▲ about

Get a(n) (78) ▲ your work.

view Step back for a while and then return to your

work with “fresh eyes”

Perfection doesn’t actually (80) ▲ . Striving to do your best is

Conclusion

good enough and will eventually lead you down a brilliant path.

【语篇简析】这是一篇议论文。完美主义有着积极的一面

,

也有消极的一面。正常的完美主义能带给人们追

求目标的动力

,

同时给他们带来乐趣。而病态的完美主义会使人对自己感到不满意。那么

,

如何

摆脱负面的完美主义呢？就此问题

,

文中提出了三个建议。

首先

,

您最好对标准进行三思；其

次

,

不要总是将自己与他人进行比较；最后

,

尝试客观地看待情况。

71.

【答案】

Harm

【解析】信息转换题。根据文章第一段的

“However, perfectionism can become a bad thing when it stops you

feeling satisfied with yourself or what you’ve accomplished.”

可知

,

完美主义也会带来危害

,

故此处

可用

harm

替换文中的

a bad thing,

故填

Harm

。

72.

【答案】

unsatisfied/dissatisfied

【解析】信息转换题。根据文章第一段的

it stops you feeling satisfied with yourself or what you’ve

accomplished

可知

,

当完美主义停止让您对自己或完成的工作感到满意时

,

它就会变成一件坏事

,

故此处用

satisfied

的反义词作宾语补足语符合语义

,

故填

unsatisfied/dissatisfied

。

73.

【答案】

popularity

【解析】信息概括题。根据文章第一段的

And if you extend this harsh(

无情的

)judgment to your friends and

family and only focus on the negatives around them, you will find that they begin to dislike and avoid

you.

可知

,

如果您将这种无情的判断带给您的朋友和家人

,

而只关注周围的负面因素

,

你会发现他

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You need to find out what other people’s

standards are.

It is not sensible for you to (77) ▲

unwise (76) ▲ yourself to become a great master.

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们开始讨厌并回避您。故此处可在

lose

后使用

popularity,

意为

“

大家不再欢迎你

”,

符合语义

,

故填

popularity

。

74.

【答案】

removing/handling

【解析】信息转换题。根据文章第二段的

So how do you get rid of these kinds of negative perfectionism?

可

知

,

此处需填入

get rid of

的同义词

,

表示

“

消除

”,

可以使用

remove

或

handle,

故填

removing

或

handling

。

75.

【答案】

Reconsider/Rethink

【解析】信息转换题。根据文章第三段的

First of all, you’d better think twice about your standards.

可知

,

首先

您最好对标准进行三思

,

因此可使用

reconsider

或

rethink

代替

think twice,

符合语义

,

在句首单词应

大写首字母

,

故填

Reconsider

或

Rethink

。

76.

【答案】

comparison

【解析】信息转换题。根据文章第四段的

Secondly, don’t always compare yourself with others.

可知

,

其次不

要总是将自己与他人进行比较

,

因此可使用

compare

的名词作

make

的宾语

,

符合语义

,

故填

comparison

。

77.

【答案】

expect

【解析】信息概括题。根据文章第四段的

Perfectionists tend to have high standards.

和

Remember that only a

few people can become great masters and that most of us are just common people.

可知

,

完美主义者倾

向于高标准

,

但是只有少数人可以成为大师

,

而我们大多数人都是普通人。由此可推断

,

期望自己

成为一个伟大的大师是不明智的。

expect“

期望

”,

故填

expect

。

78.

【答案】

objective

【解析】信息转换题。根据文章第五段的

Last but not least, try to look at the situation objectively.

可知

,

最后

但很重要的一点是

,

尝试客观地看待这种情况。

objective

是形容词修饰

view

作定语

,

故填

objective

。

79.

【答案】

opinions/ideas/views/viewpoints

【解析】信息转换题。根据文章第五段的

You’d better ask those around you what they think.

可知

,

你最好问

问周围人的想法

,

表示

“

想法

”,

故填

opinions/ideas/views/viewpoints

。

80.

【答案】

exist

【解析】信息概括题。根据文章最后一段的

Nobody, nor any idea, is perfect.

可知

,

没有人也没有任何想法是

完美的。此处需要填入动词

,

表示

“

存在

”,

故填

exist

。

题组二

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We have been told many times that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. The danger, it’s regularly

claimed, is that skipping breakfast means we’ll get hungry later in the day, eat all the wrong things, and finally put

on weight. But is it really true? The answer would seem to be yes, if the results of a study published last week are to

be believed.

Researchers found that people who skipped breakfast were 33 per cent more likely to have type 2 diabetes(糖

尿病)than those who didn’t. This study adds to lots of others which have compared the health of people who skip

breakfast with people who don’t. Almost all of these studies show that breakfast-eaters are slimmer and healthier.

But does this prove that eating breakfast makes you healthier? Well, actually it doesn’t. The fact is that people

who regularly eat breakfast tend to have healthier habits overall. They smoke less, drink less and are normally more

active. To put it another way, it is possible that having a healthier lifestyle has an effect on health, rather than the

time you choose to start eating.

One of the best ways to test the health claim is to carry out a randomised controlled trial. In a recent study,

researchers got together 300 overweight volunteers, a mixture of “breakfast-eaters” and “breakfast-skippers”. They

asked the groups to exchange habits for 16 weeks. At the end of that period, both groups were weighed. The

breakfast-skippers who had made themselves eat breakfast lost an average of 1.67 pounds. Pretty impressive.

However, the breakfast-eaters who had skipped breakfast lost an almost identical amount, an average of 1.56

pounds.

The researchers concluded that, contrary to what is widely believed, a recommendation to eat breakfast had no

noticeable effect on weight loss in free-living adults who were attempting to lose weight.

Another widely held belief is that eating breakfast helps to kick-start your metabolism(新陈代谢), making you

active for the day ahead. But is this belief based on science?

It is certainly true that when you eat, it sets off the digestive process, which in turn means you burn more

energy. The trouble is that the effect is pretty small and wears off when the food is digested. From the point of view

of your metabolism over the course of the day, it

isn’t really important whether you first eat at 8 am or 1 pm. What you eat is more important than when you eat.

Eating a high-protein(蛋白质)breakfast requires more energy to digest it and makes you feel full for longer.

The fact is clear that there is nothing “special” about breakfast. It probably does not matter whether you eat or

skip breakfast, as long as you eat healthily for the rest of the day.

Skipping Breakfast Is Not (71) ▲ Harmful

Introduction

Belief 1

(73) ▲ of

research

Truth

We are reminded again and again that breakfast (72) ▲ the most

among the three meals every day.

If you don’t eat breakfast, the chances are that you will eat wrong things

afterwards due to (74) ▲ , ending up putting on weight.

●Eating breakfast on a regular basis indicates that you have a healthier

lifestyle, which is important to your overall health, (75) ▲ the

time when you begin to eat.

●Simply asking people to change their eating habits can lead to their

losing a bit of weight, (76) ▲ of whether they eat breakfast.

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●Eating breakfast (77) ▲ has any real influence on weight loss,

which is beyond the common expectation.

Belief 2

Eating breakfast helps to get your metabolism to (78) ▲ ,

activating you for the day ahead.

●Metabolism over the course of the day doesn’t (79) ▲ on when

Truth

you eat, but on what you eat.

●Eating a high-protein breakfast makes you burn more energy to digest

it and keeps you feel full for a longer period of time.

Conclusion

It won’t make much (80) ▲ whether you eat breakfast or not.

What is important is that you should eat in a healthy way.

【语篇简析】本文是一篇议论文。人们普遍认为吃早饭非常重要

,

但研究显示

,

吃不吃早饭似乎不那么重要。

71.

【答案】

Necessarily

【解析】信息概括题。综合全文可知

,

本文主要阐述不吃早饭未必对人们产生危害

,

故填

Necessarily

。

72.

【答案】

matters/counts

【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段第一句

“We have been told many times that breakfast is the most important

meal of the day.”

可知

,

我们不断被告知早饭在一日三餐中最重要。故填

matters/counts

。

73.

【答案】

Findings/Discoveries/Results

【解析】信息概括题。根据文章内容以及表格右边内容可知

,

这里陈述的是一些研究发现或结果。故填

Findings/Discoveries/Results

。

74.

【答案】

hunger

【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段中的

“skipping breakfast means we’ll get hungry later in the day, eat all the

wrong things,and finally put on weight”

可知

,

人们通常认为

,

如果不吃早饭的话

,

我们会因为饿而去

吃更多不适当的东西

,

从而导致体重增加。故填

hunger

。

75.

【答案】

not

【解析】信息转换题。根据第三段中的

“having a healthier lifestyle has an effect on health, rather than the time”

可知

,

对健康有影响的是更健康的生活方式

,

而不是你选择开始吃饭的时间。故填

not

。

76.

【答案】

regardless

【解析】信息概括题。根据第四段中的研究过程和结果可知

,

不管吃不吃早饭

,

仅是要求人们改变饮食习惯

就能够稍微减轻体重。故填

regardless

。

regardless of

是固定搭配

,

意为

“

不管

”

。

77.

【答案】

hardly/scarcely/barely

【解析】信息转换题。根据第五段中的

“a recommendation to eat breakfast had no noticeable effect on weight

loss”

可知

,

研究结果显示

,

吃不吃早饭几乎对体重没有明显的影响。故填

hardly/scarcely/barely

。

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78.

【答案】

start/function/work

【解析】信息转换题。根据第六段中的

“eating breakfast helps to kick-start your metabolism(

新陈代谢

)”

可知

,

吃早饭可以帮助促进新陈代谢的开始

/

运行。故填

start/function/work

。

79.

【答案】

depend/rely

【解析】信息概括题。根据倒数第二段中的

“From the point of view of your metabolism over the course of the

day, it isn’t really important whether you first eat at 8 am or 1 pm.”

可知

,

新陈代谢的进程并不依赖于

什么时候吃早饭。故填

depend/rely

。

depend/rely on

是固定搭配

,

意为

“

依靠

,

依赖

”

。

80.

【答案】

difference

【解析】信息概括题。根据最后一段可知

,

本文得出的结论为：是否吃早饭似乎没那么重要

,

重要的是你要

吃得健康。

make a difference

意为

“

有影响

,

有作用

”,

为固定用法。

题组三

The defense mechanisms(防御机制)are used in order to escape unpleasant emotional or psychological states.

For example, a middle-aged man who experiences anger or frustration may be unable to express it normally, so he

represses(压抑)it or projects it onto someone else. Life is difficult and such defenses help to cope. Indeed, for many,

life would be unbearable without them.

When it comes to the defenses themselves, a few general points need to be made. First, people employ defense

mechanisms often because they cannot rid themselves of the negative emotional state in a healthy, natural way.

Second, most of the defense mechanisms also involve the distortion(歪曲)of reality. When someone represses or

denies something, for example, they ignore some feelings or some aspects of the environment. Finally, people

aren’t usually aware of what they’re doing.

Generally, the most common defense mechanism is repression. It involves the selective forgetting of material

that results in sufferings. The nature of this material naturally depends on the individual. In general, though, it

usually involves some kind of conflict or stress. First, it must be emphasized that selective forgetting isn’t the same

as the loss of memory that occurs as people age. The individual removes conflict and stress from consciousness(and

things associated with them)because they are painful to recall. Second, this material isn’t permanently deleted but is

instead stored in the unconscious.

Then comes projection. It is a very common, and sometimes very dangerous, form of defense. When someone

projects something, they owe a motivation, fear, or personality trait to someone else. This is usually something they

dislike in themselves. Some people are conscious that they possess some quality but they then owe it to

others—often someone respected or admired. For example, a frightened soldier may accuse his commanding officer

of being a coward to lessen the shame he feels about his own fear. There are also some people who tend to owe the

cause of a feeling or character trait to someone else. For example, a girl who hates school may refuse to go because,

she claims, her teacher is a bad bully. The dangers of projection should be obvious. A great deal of unjustified

violence and cruelty can follow from it.

Displacement is also a common form of defense. There are two different forms of displacement. One is “object

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displacement”, in which an individual feels a strong emotion towards one person but vents(发泄)the emotion on

someone else. The other one is “drive displacement”, in which someone redirects the energy associated with one

feeling into a different feeling. So, in object displacement it is the object that changes, while in drive displacement

the object remains the same but the feeling changes.

The Psychological Defense Mechanisms

When (71) ▲ from unpleasant or negative feelings in life,

Introduction some people will turn to the defense mechanisms to rid themselves of

such feelings.

●People usually turn to the defense mechanisms because of their

(72) ▲ to deal with emotional issues healthily and naturally.

The nature

of defenses

●Reality can be distorted when defense mechanisms are employed,

for someone may take no (73) ▲ of certain feelings or the

surroundings.

●People’s using defense mechanisms always goes (74) ▲ .

●Repression refers to someone’s (76) ▲ forgetting of what

causes their sufferings, which is different from their loss of memory

with age.

Repression

●The material people choose to forget often includes some conflict or

stress.

●Instead of being removed forever, the material (77) ▲ about

sufferings is just kept in the part of one’s mind that he is unaware

of.

(75) ▲ of

defense

mechanisms

Projection

●Some people tend to owe something they don’t like about

themselves to someone else they show (78) ▲ for.

●Some people tend to (79) ▲ their negativeness on someone

else.

●Projection may lead to some unjustified violence and cruelty.

●Object displacement means some people vent their strong emotions

towards one person or another person.

●Drive displacement means some people treat one person with an

Displacement emotion that is different from their (80) ▲ emotion towards

that person.

●Object displacement centers on the change of objects and drive

displacement on the change of feelings.

【语篇简析】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了人们在经历挫折时会用到的几种心理防御机制。

71.

【答案】

suffering

【解析】信息概括题。根据第一段第一句

“The defense mechanisms(

防御机制

)...psychological states.”

可知

,

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当人们经历负面情绪时

,

他们会通过使用心理防御机制来使自己摆脱这种情绪。故填

suffering

。

suffer from

意为

“

遭受

,

忍受

”,

为固定用法。

72.

【答案】

inability/failure

【解析】信息概括题。根据第二段中的

“people employ defense mechanisms often because they cannot rid

themselves of the negative emotional state in a healthy, natural way”

可知

,

人们经常使用防御机制是

因为他们不能以一种健康、自然的方式来使自己摆脱负面情绪。故填

inability/failure

。

73.

【答案】

notice

【解析】信息概括题。根据第二段中的

“hey ignore some feelings or some aspects of the

environment.”

可知

,

人们在运用防御机制时可能会歪曲事实

,

因为人们可能会忽视某些感觉或者

周边环境因素。故填

notice

。

take no

不注意

……

。

74.

【答案】

unconsciously

【解析】信息概括题。根据第二段最后一句

“Finally, people aren’t usually aware of what they’re doing.”

可知

,

人们通常是在无意中运用防御机制的。故填

unconsciously“

无意地

,

不知不觉地

”

。

75.

【答案】

Forms/Types/Kinds

【解析】信息概括题。根据表格右栏中的内容及文章第三至最后一段的内容可知

,

此处主要介绍的是防御

机制的三种形式

/

类型。故填

Forms/Types/Kinds

。

76.

【答案】

selective

【解析】信息查找题。根据第三段第二句

“It involves the selective forgetting of material that results in

sufferings.”

可知

,

压抑包含对导致痛苦的东西的选择性忘记。故填

selective

。

77.

【答案】

bringing

【解析】信息概括题。根据第三段中的

“f material that results in sufferings.”

及

“this material isn’t

permanently deleted but is instead stored in the unconscious”

可知

,

导致人们痛苦的那些东西并没有

被永久消除

,

相反

,

是被储存在了人们的潜意识之中。故填

bringing

。

bring about

是固定搭配

,

意为

“

引起

,

导致

”

。

78.

【答案】

respect

【解析】信息概括题。根据倒数第二段中的

“Some people are conscious that they possess some quality but

they then owe it to others—often someone respected or admired.”

可知

,

一些人会将自身某些品质归

因于某个被尊敬

/

赞赏的人。故填

respect

。

79.

【答案】

blame

【解析】信息概括题。根据倒数第二段中的

“There are also some people who tend to owe the cause of a feeling

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