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2024年5月12日发(作者：)
真题
请看下面几个来自高考试题的句子：
1. About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations
to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a
crowd-scene
.
crowd-scene为复合词，是crowed（群众，人群）和scene（场面，现场）两个词的组
合，意为“有很多群众的大场景”。
2. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big
movie-camera
was wheeled
into position.
movie-camera为复合词，意为“电影摄影机”，是movie（电影）和camera（相机）
词义的组合，意为“制作电影用的照相机”。
3. The way it was
filmed
was quite unusual.
学生最熟悉的film的词义是名词，意为“影片；电影；胶片”，而在文中用到的是动
词含义，“把„„拍摄成电影、电视等”，属于词义转化，从名词转化为动词。
4. Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randy’s
underwear
on his head.
Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going
to
wet
his pants.
underwear为复合词，意为“内衣”，是under（在„„下面）和wear（穿着；穿戴物）
含义的组合。学生熟悉wet形容词词性，“湿的；下雨的”，在句中用作动词，意为“把„„
弄湿”，为词义转化。
5. I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy
a
deep-down
wish to write a novel.
deep-down为复合词，意为“根深蒂固的，心底的”，是deep（深的）和down（下面，
向下）含义的组合。
6. It takes confidence to make a new start — there’s a dark period
in-between
where you’re neither one thing nor the other.
in-between为复合词，在句中意为“中间的”，是in和between含义的组合。
7. ...where I now have my own name on a contract（合同）of the publisher — to
be a published writer — is
unbelievably rewarding
.
unbelievably为派生词，是由believe加上前缀un-和后缀-able，并转化为副词而成，
意为“难以置信地”。rewarding也是派生词，由reward加上后缀-ing构成形容词，意为
“有回报的”。
8. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I've taught
kids with
imprisoned
parents,
abusive
parents,
irresponsible
parents;
imprisoned为派生词，由prison加上前缀im-和后缀-ed构成的形容词，意为“被投
入监禁的”；abusive为派生词，分别由abuse（滥用，恶习）加上后缀-ive构成，意为“骂
人的；滥用的；虐待的”；irresponsible也是派生词，意为“不负责任的”。
9. For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading
enrichment
enrichment为派生词，是rich加上前缀en-和后缀-ment构成，意为“丰富；改进；
肥沃；浓缩”。
10. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former
excellent student of mine had transferred out of a
selective
high school--one that
often attracts the
literary-minded
children of Manhattan's upper classes—into a
less
competitive
setting.
selective, competitive为派生词，分别意为“精心挑选的”、“竞争的”，都是由
词根加上形容词后缀构成。literary-minded为复合形容词，意为“富有文学思维的”，是
literary和minded词义相加而来。
11. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her
develop better in high school, where they would
unavoidably
unavoidably为派生词，由avoid（避免）加上前缀否定前缀un-以及后缀-able，再转
化为副词形式构成，意为“不可避免地”。
12. “ I grew up on a
hundred-acre
farm and had only cats 37
playmates
,”...
hundred-acre为复合形容词，意为“一百英亩的”；playmates为复合名词，意为“玩
伴，游戏的伙伴”。
概念引入
随着新课改的推进，大纲对学生的词汇量要求越来越高，熟练构词法的规律对于快速掌
握大量单词有很大的帮助，在考卷中也出现了大量的复合词。近几年高考阅读理解中，用构
词法知识（合成、转化、派生）的词呈上升趋势，特别派生词。大多数学生对于后缀比较熟
悉，但是当前缀或者前后缀都有时，就感觉比较陌生，因而造成理解障碍。我们可以依靠构
词法知识，通过生词的词形结构猜测词义。
构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法和缩略法四种。掌握构词法是迅速扩大词汇量的
重要方法之一。
合成法
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