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2024年6月29日发(作者：)
写共振式一般的步骤
英文回答：
Resonance Structures (Mesomeric Structures, Canonical
Forms)。
Resonance structures are pictorial representations of
the different electronic states that can exist for a
particular molecule or ion. They are used to describe
molecules that have multiple bonds and lone pairs, and that
can exist in resonance hybrid form. Each resonance
structure corresponds to a different distribution of
electrons, and the actual molecule is a weighted average of
all possible resonance structures.
Steps for Writing Resonance Structures:
1. Identify the atom or atoms that are involved in the
resonance. These are typically atoms that are bonded by
multiple bonds or that have lone pairs.
2. Disconnect the atoms involved in the resonance.
3. Move the electrons involved in the resonance to
create a new bond or lone pair.
4. Reconnected the atoms involved in the resonance.
5. Repeat steps 3-4 until all possible resonance
structures have been generated.
Examples of Resonance Structures:
Benzene: Benzene has six resonance structures, all of
which are equivalent. The electrons in the benzene ring are
delocalized, meaning that they are not localized to any one
atom or bond.
Nitrate ion (NO3-): The nitrate ion has three
resonance structures, all of which are equivalent. The
electrons in the nitrate ion are delocalized, meaning that
they are not localized to any one atom or bond.
Ammonia (NH3): Ammonia has one resonance structure, in
which the electrons are localized to the nitrogen atom.
中文回答：
共振式（介晶结构、规范形式）。
共振式是用以描述特定分子或离子各种可能的电子态的面图示。
它们被用来描绘具有多重键或孤对电子、且可以以共振混合物形式
存在的分子。每个共振式对应于不同的电子分布，而实际分子则是
所有可能的共振式的加权平均。
书写共振式的步骤：
1. 找出参与共振的原子。这些原子通常以多重键键合，或具有
孤对电子。
2. 断开参与共振的原子。
3. 移动参与共振的电子，以创建新的键或孤对电子。
4. 重新连接参与共振的原子。
5. 重复步骤 3-4，直到生成所有可能的共振式。
共振式的例子：
苯，苯具有六个共振式，它们都是等价的。苯环中的电子是离
域的，这意味着它们不局限于任何一个原子或键。
硝酸根离子 (NO3-)，硝酸根离子具有三个共振式，它们都是
等价的。硝酸根离子中的电子是离域的，这意味着它们不局限于任
何一个原子或键。
氨 (NH3)，氨具有一个共振式，其中电子局限于氮原子。
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