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2024年7月29日发(作者:)

必须五Module2

单词

1.offer vi.&vt.&n.(主动)提出(愿意做某事);提议;提

供;出价

归纳拓展

(1)offer to do sth.主动提出做某事

(2)offer .=offer sb.提供某物给某人

offer sb. money for sth.出价买某物

offer sb. sth. for money要价卖某物

offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price提出劝

告/建议/表示祝贺/出价

(3)make /accept an offer to do /of 提出/接受做……

accept one's offer接受某人的建议

注意:offer后可接双宾语,但一般不接动名词作宾语。

例句:The teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a

present for her wedding.

这位老师送给他的女儿一台电脑当成结婚礼物。

He offered to drive us to the station.

他主动提出开车送我们去车站。

We offered him ¥ 70,000 for the house.

我们出价七万人民币买他的房子。

They have made an offer of help.

他们已经表示愿意帮忙。

【链接训练】

You ________only half the price,how would the seller

sell the jacket to you?

A.spent B.paid

C.charged D.offered

【解析】 句意为:你仅出半价,店员怎么会把这件

夹克衫卖给你呢?offer “出价”,符合题意。

【答案】 D

2.direct

归纳拓展

(1)vt.&vi.指导;指挥;指向;命令;担任……的导演

do

direct

that sb.should do

指挥某人干……

direct / show sp.为……指引去……的路

direct sb.对某人说……;写……给某人

(2)adj.直的,不弯曲的;直接的

in a direct line 成一条直线

(3)adv.直接地,一直

(4)direction n.方向,方位,指挥

in the direction of朝……方向

under the direction of在……指挥下

director n.导演,主任

directly adv.直接地,立即

1

conj.=the moment=as

例句:Can you direct me to the station?

你告诉我到车站怎么走好吗?

The general directed that all his men (should) attack.

将军命令部队进攻。

Zhang Yimou has directed many wonderful movies.

张艺谋导演了很多精彩的电影。

He took a direct flight from London to New York.

他从伦敦直飞纽约。

Tom went off in the direction of the post office.

汤姆朝邮局方向去了。

I'll tell him the news directly he comes back.

他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。

【链接训练】

When the police arrived,the crowd scattered in

all______.

A.direction B.directions

C.way D.side

【解析】 前面有 all 修饰,所以 direction 用复数形

式。【答案】 B

3.apply vt.利用,应用

vi.申请,适用;专心;集中精力

归纳拓展

(1)be applied to适用于;应用于;施加于;与……接触

apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物

apply for申请;请求,接洽

apply oneself to致力于;集中精力做某事

apply 把……运用于……

apply to关系到,牵涉到;适用于;运用于;向……询

问;与……接洽

(2)applied adj.应用的,实用的

application n.请求,申请,申请表,应用;应用程序,

应用软件

applicant n.申请人

例句:The poor college students can apply to the bank for

a certain amount of loan with the help of the college.

贫困大学生可以在学校的帮助下向银行申请一部分贷

款。

The new technology has been applied to medical

examination.这项新技术已被用于医学检查。

He applied himself to studying English.

他集中精力学习英语。

【链接训练】

The poor man ______ the boss ______ the job,but he

failed.

A.applied;for B.applied for;to

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C.applied to;for D.applied at;of

【解析】 apply to ...“向某人申请得到……”。

句意为:那个可怜的人向那位老板申请工作却失败了。

【答案】 C

4.require v.需要;要求,规定;命令

归纳拓展

sth./e(s) (need) sth.某事/某人需要……

requires



sth.

wants



needs

(1)作不及物动词,意思是“询问”。

demand /of sb.向某人要求某物

demand to do 要求做

(2)作及物动词

clause 从句谓语动

demand that-

词用 should do 或省略 should

doing某事需要……

to be done

主动形式表示被动意义

require do sth.要求某人做某事

require sb.要求某人某事;向某人要求某物

require+that从句(从句中的谓语动词应用“should+动

词原形”或直接接动词原形)

注意:①requirement的同位语从句和表语从句中的谓

语动词应用“(should)+动词原形”。

②require后面不能直接接动词不定式作宾语。

例句:Children require a lot of attention and love.

孩子们需要很多的关爱。

The teacher requires his students to pay attention to their

handwriting.

这位老师要求自己的学生要注意书写。

The floor requires washing.

=The floor requires to be washed.地板需要清洗。

They require that I (should) go at once.

他们要求我立刻去。

【链接训练】

①One of the requirements for a fire is that the material

________ to its burning temperature.

A.is heated B.will be heated

C.be heated D.would be heated

【解析】 考查虚拟语气。requirement的表语从句中

的谓语动词应用“(should)+动词原形”。【答案】 C

②It is required in some colleges that lights in students'

dorms______off by 11 o' clock.

A.be switched B.would switch

C.should switch D.must be switched

【解析】 考查虚拟语气。在“It is

vital/necessary/important/strange/unusual/natural/surprisi

ng/suggested/required/ordered+that从句”结构中,that

从句中的谓语动词用(should)do的形式,而switch off

与lights之间存在动宾关系,所以要用被动语态,故选

A。

5.demand v.&n.需求;请求

归纳拓展

2

(3)作名词,意思是“要求,需求”。

in demand=in need 需求

satisfy/meet one's demands满足需求

on demand一经要求

例句:They demanded that the company should improve

their living conditions.

他们认为,公司应该改善他们的生活条件。

I demand an apology of/from you.我要求你道歉。

Some citizens demand to have a talk with the mayor.

一些市民要求与市长谈一谈。

It is impossible to satisfy all demands.

有求必应是不可能的。

同类辨析

demand,request,require 与 ask

这四个动词均有“要求,请求”之意。

(1)demand 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求或坚持不

让对方拒绝的要求。

(2)request 是正式用词,指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或

恳求,多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。

(3)require 强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出

的要求。

(4)ask是最普通用词,指向对方提出要求或请求,长晚

辈、上下级之间都可以使用。

例句:They made a request for further aid.

他们要求再给一些帮助。

The wearing of seat belts is required by law.

法律规定必须系安全带。

She asked that she should be kept informed.

她要求继续向她汇报有关情况。

【链接训练】

President Hu Jintao demanded every effort________to

rescue and treat the injured when the earthquake

happened in Yushu.

A.is made B.must be made

C.be made D.should make

【解析】 demand后引导的从句谓语动词用虚拟语气

形式,即“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。又因

effort与make之间为被动关系,故应用被动语态。答

案为C项。【答案】 C

6.suffer

归纳拓展

必须五Module2

(1) from“受……折磨;遭受……之苦;患……

疾病”,其后常接pain,sadness,a lack of sth.,a disease

等词或疾病名。

(2) sth.“遭受……,蒙受……”,宾语常为

punishment,insult,loss,defeat,injury等。

(3)suffering n.[U]痛苦,苦恼;[C]劳苦,困难

例句:He suffered terribly all through his illness.

他生病期间受了很大的苦。

They suffered from all kinds of diseases in those years.那

些年他们忍受着各种各样疾病带来的痛苦。

He experienced all the sufferings during the Civil War.内

战期间他经历了所有的苦难。

【链接训练】

①It is to be ________ that your health is ________since

you’ve been working such long hours.

A.expecting;suffering B.expecting;suffered

C.expected;suffering D.expected;suffered

【解析】 句意为:这样长时间地工作,你当然会感

到身体不舒服。to be expected 意为“可能发生,相当

正常”。suffer在此意为“变差,变糟”,为不及物动词。

【答案】 C

②With the rapid development of economy, most of the

important cities of the world________traffic jam.

A.take place B.bring in

C.lead to D.suffer from

【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。take place“发生;举行”;

bring in“赚钱,获利”;lead to“导致,通向,通往”;

suffer from“承受;蒙受”。句意为:随着经济的快速

发展,世界上大多数的国家都承受着交通阻塞。根据

题意,可知答案为D。

7.available adj.可用的,有效的;可获得的;(人)能出

席的

归纳拓展

(sth.)be available for (某物)有效期……

(sb.)be available for (某人)能出席……

available fertilizer有效肥料

例句:This kind of bread is available for seven days.

这种面包保质期7天。

Are you available for the meeting tomorrow?

明天你能出席这个会议吗?

【链接训练】

①These tickets are ________ for one month only.

A.average B.favourite

C.available D.convenient

【解析】 句意为:这些票的有效期仅为一个月。

available (adj.)“有效的”,符合题意。【答案】 C

3

②—Will you be________this afternoon,Samuel?

—It depends.I'm afraid I'll watch NBA.

A.suitable B.convenient

C.accurate D.available

【解析】 考查形容词辨析。available此处意为“(人)

有空的”。suitable“适合的”;convenient“方便的”,

但主语不能是人;accurate“准确的”,均不符合题意。

【答案】 D

短语

1.have an effect on对……产生影响

归纳拓展

have no/little/much/a great effect on/upon

对……没有/几乎没有/有很大/有重大影响

have the effect of 产生……的结果/作用

bring/put sth. into effect 使生效,实行,实施

come into effect生效,开始实施

take effect 开始起作用,见效

in effect 事实上,实际上

例句:Holding the Olympic Games has a good effect on

the development of China.

举办奥运会对中国的发展有很好的影响。

The new tax law will come into effect from next month.

新的税法将从下个月生效。

The medicine has little effect on his illness.

这种药对他的病效果不大。

【链接训练】

Recently tourism has a great________on the wildlife in

my hometown, which causes complaints.

A.effort B.effect

C.affect D.reflect

【解析】 考查固定短语have a(n)... effect on“对……

产生影响”的用法。句意为:最近,旅游业对我们家

乡的野生动植物产生了巨大的影响,这导致了许多抱

怨。【答案】 B

2.in response to 作为……的回应;回答

归纳拓展

(1)give/make no response to 对……不予回答

have no response in sb.'s heart 对某人不起作用

as a response to=in response to作为……的反应

(2)respond to 对……回答;对……有反应;对……起

作用

respond+thatclause 回答……

例句:In response to your inquiries,we regret to inform

you that we can’t offer help.

关于你的询问,我们很遗憾地告诉你我们帮不了你。

He hugged her,but she made no response.

必须五Module2

他拥抱了她,但她没有反应。

She responded quickly to the medicine and was well in a

few days.

药物很快就见效,几天后她痊愈了。

【链接训练】

①You may get little ________ to your greetings if your

nickname is not attractive enough in the chat room.

A.review B.answer

C.response D.respond

【解析】 句意为:如果你在聊天室里的昵称不够有

吸引力,你打多少次招呼,也很少有回应的。response

“回应,反应”,符合题意。【答案】 C

②Eventually the government rebuilt the bridge______the

appeal and even pressure of the public.

A.in response to B.in favor of

C.in place of D.in memory of

【解析】 考查介词短语辨析。句意为:作为公众要

求甚至是压力的回应,政府最终重建了这座桥。in

response to相当于as a response to,意思是“作为……

的回应”。理解语境和准确把握短语的意思是解决此题

的关键。【答案】 A

句型

1.He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came

off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down

the mountain.

他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的卡车,突然在一个拐弯处

偏离车道坠落到山下300米处。

归纳拓展

when为并列连词,意为:就在那时,相当于and at that

time。

...正在做……这时……

...be about 正打算做……这时……

be just going 正要……这时……

had 刚做了……这时……

be on the point 正要……这时……

例句:We were discussing the problem when there was a

power failure.

我们正在讨论那个问题,这时停电了。

We had just finished the operation when the machine had

a breakdown.

我们刚完成那个手术机器就坏了。

The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the

lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.

小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中,这时公共汽

车突然停了。

He was just about to say something when Helen turned

4

around.他正想要说些什么,海伦突然转过身。

【链接训练】

①I had been working a couple of months ________ I had

a letter from Ceiwen.

A.when B.as C.while D.after

【解析】 句意为:我刚工作了几个月,这时突然收

到凯文的来信。只有连词 when 符合题意,构成be

when句式,意为“正在做……这时……”。

【答案】 A

②I was halfway back to the hospital where the doctor

was working________Susan caught up with me.

A.when B.since

C.until D.though

【解析】 考查连词辨析。when此处为并列连词,意

为“就在这(那)时,句意为:我正在回那个医生工作的

医院的半路上,这时苏珊追上了我。【答案】 A

2.but for 引起的含蓄条件句

含蓄条件句:不是用条件句而是由介词或介词短语

without(没有……),but for(要不是……),连词 but,

副词 otherwise 等或上下文来表示某种假设的情况。

例句:But for their help,we wouldn’t have succeeded.

要不是他们帮忙,我们不会成功的。

We would have invited them to the dance,but they were

too busy.

要不是他们太忙,我们会邀请他们来参加舞会的。

This change could not have taken place without a solid

industrial foundation.

如果没有坚实的工业基础,发生这样的变化是不可能

的。

I was so busy then,otherwise,I would have told him the

answer.

我那时特忙,要不然,我就告诉他答案了。

【链接训练】

_______ the aid from the government,the floodstricken

area ________ greater loss.

A.Apart from;should have suffered

B.But for;would have suffered

C.Without;could suffer

D.Except for;would have suffered

【解析】 考查but for引导的介词短语表示虚拟条件,

相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相

反的虚拟语气。【答案】 B

语法

1.一般过去时

(1)主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。

该时态常与一个表示过去时间的状语连用,如

必须五Module2

yesterday,the night before,once,the other day,just now

等。

例句:My father was at work yesterday.

昨天我爸爸上班。

(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与 often,

always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。

例句:He used to visit his mother once a week.

他以前总是每周看望他的母亲一次。

(3)和 when 等连词引导的状语从句连用。

例句:When she reached home,she had a short rest.

回家后她休息了一会儿。

(4)在以下句型中,必须用一般过去时表示将来发生的

动作(虚拟语气)。

例句:It is (high/about) time (that) you went to bed.到你

该睡觉的时间了。

I would rather they came tomorrow.

我宁愿他们明天来。

【链接训练】

①—You should have finished it sooner.

—I I ________ enough time.

A.didn’t have B.don’t have

C.won’t have D.hadn’t have

【解析】 此句要用一般过去时表示过去的一种客观

事实,即:没有足够的时间。

【答案】 A

②Harvard University,which ________ in 1936,is one of

the oldest university in the United States.

A.found B.founded

C.was found D.was founded

【解析】 根据时间状语in 1936可判断出要用一般过

去时,Harvard University与found之间为逻辑上的动

宾关系,所以要用被动语态。was found表示“被找到”;

was founded表示“被建立”。

【答案】 D

③—Has your father returned from Africa yet?

—Yes,but he ________ here for only three days before

his company sent him to Australia.

A.was B.has been

C.will be D.would be

【解析】 根据所提供的时间状语“before his company

sent him to Australia”可判断出要用一般过去时,表示

“之前他在这儿只待了三天”,故选A项。

【答案】 A

2.过去完成时

(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了

的动作,动作发生的时间为“过去的过去”,表示过去

5

某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用

when,before 等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。

例句:By the end of last term,we had learned a thousand

English words.

到上学期末,我们已经学了1 000个英语单词。

(2)表示过去某个时间之前发生的动作或状态一直延续

到这一过去时刻或还将继续下去。

例句:When I got to know him,he had worked there for

twenty years.

我认识他时,他已经在那里工作了20年了。

(3)一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较

①一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状

态;而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已

完成的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”,当强调过去某

一动作发生在另一动作之前时,常用此时态。试比较:

The class had already begun when I came to school.

我到校时已经上课了。说明上课发生在到校之前

The class began at 8 o’clock this morning.

今天早上8点上课。说明某一过去的事实

②在after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,

由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非

常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

例句:Just before I left the classroom I closed all the

windows.我离开教室时关上了所有窗户。

③对于一连串的过去动作,其发生的先后顺序有时可

以由动词的词汇意义来表示,无需再用过去完成时。

例句:He came into the classroom,sat down and began to

do exercises.

他进了教室,坐下开始做习题。

【链接训练】

①—I met Tom last month.

—Really?

—________each other since we graduated from

college.

A.haven’t met B.hadn’t met

C.wouldn’t met D.didn’t meet

【解析】 此处的时间是指从毕业到他们见面的时候

为止,所以要用过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”,故

选B。

②They became friends again that then,they

________ to each other for nearly two years.

必须五Module2

A.didn't speak B.hadn't spoken

C.haven't spoken D.haven't been speaking

【解析】 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某

一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即“过去的过去”。

根据所提供的情景They became friends again that day.

可判断出“他们有将近两年不说话”发生在“又成为

朋友”之前,所以用过去完成时。【答案】 B

③Hardly ________ on the bus ________ the bus drove

off.

A.did he get;than B.had he got;when

C.did he get;when D.had he got;than

【解析】 句意为:他刚上车汽车就开了。hardly位

于句首,句子用部分倒装结构;意为

“一……就……”;又结合句意,本句应使用过去完成

时态,故选B。

3.过去进行时

过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一

个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情;过去某个动作发

生时,另一个动作正在进行;一个长动作发生的时候,

另一个短动作发生。

例句:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and

hurt himself.我弟弟骑车时摔了下来并摔伤了自己。

注意:

(1)描述过去多次重复或习惯性的动作不用过去进行

时,而用一般过去时。

例句:I was ringing the bell six times.(错误)

I rang the bell six times.(正确)

我按了六次门铃。

(2)while 引导的从句常用过去进行时。

例句:I arrived while he was watching TV.

=When I arrived,he was watching TV.

我到达时他正在看电视。

(3)表示委婉的请求或建议时可用过去进行时。

例句:I was hoping that you’d like to lend me your car.

希望你能把你的车借给我。

【链接训练】

①—John,why did you make no reply to me when I

called your name in the street just now?

—Sorry,Jim.I________ to my wife on the phone.

A.was talking B.talked

C.am talking D.had talked

【解析】 此处的时间背景是当吉姆与约翰打招呼时,

约翰正同他妻子通电话,所以要用过去进行时。

【答案】 A

②—I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight

yesterday evening.

6

— ________ TV with me in my home

then.

A.watched B.had watched

C.would watch D.was watching

【解析】 过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某

一阶段内正在进行的动作。根据第一句中的时间状语

at eight yesterday evening可知,“昨天晚上8点简正在

我家和我一起看电视”,所以要用过去进行时。

【答案】 D

本文标签: 表示发生动作时间要求