印尼整治性交易行业，赞成还是反对？ | 经济学人中英双语对照精读笔记

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文 / 王不留（微信公众号：王不留）

印尼的卖淫活动：印尼大力取缔卖淫，将性工作定为违法犯罪。在当地进行的一项实验对照表明，禁令之后，性传播疾病的发病率有所上升。

选自TE20210904，Asia

Prostitution in Indonesia: Perverse outcomes

印度尼西亚卖淫问题：反常的结果

Criminalising sex work does more harm than good.

将性工作列为犯罪弊大于利。

王不留(wbliu85)注：印度尼西亚共和国（英语：Republic of Indonesia），简称印尼（Indonesia）。是东南亚国家，首都为雅加达。与巴布亚新几内亚、东帝汶和马来西亚等国家相接。

印度尼西亚国土面积1913578.68平方公里， 由约17508个岛屿组成，是全世界最大的群岛国家，疆域横跨亚洲及大洋洲，也是多火山多地震的国家。面积较大的岛屿有加里曼丹岛、苏门答腊岛、伊里安岛、苏拉威西岛和爪哇岛。

印尼人口2.62亿，是世界第四人口大国。有数百个民族，其中爪哇族占人口45%，巽他族14%，马都拉族和马来族分别占7.5%。

民族语言共有200多种，官方语言为印尼语。约87%的人口信奉伊斯兰教，是世界上穆斯林人口最多的国家。

more harm than good 弊大于利

Sunti Ani, an Indonesian sex worker, has been arrested more times than she can count. She lives in Malang, in the province of East Java, where her trade was criminalised in 2014 on the basis that prostitutionis “prohibited by all religions”. Until then, she worked in a brothel. But after, she says, “we were forced to see our clients in cafés and on the streets.” She earns less money than before. And she is more wary of the police, who once used her possession of a condom as evidence against her.

桑蒂·安尼（Sunti Ani），一位印尼性工作者，被逮捕的次数多得数不清。她居住在东爪哇省的马朗，2014年，她做的卖淫行当因为被“所有宗教禁止”而列为犯罪。在那之前，她在妓院接客。然而，她说，自那以后，“我们被迫在咖啡馆和大街上见客户。”她挣的钱比以前少了。她对警察更加警惕，他们曾以她拥有的一个避孕套作为对她不利的证据。

sex worker 性工作者

brothel 妓院

be wary of 警惕

Indonesia has no national law that directly regulates prostitution. But some local governments have used an ambiguous “Crimes Against Morals” law to ban sex work in their districts. In 2014 Malang shut down brothels as a “birthday present” to the district, timing the closure to coincide with the 1,254th anniversary of its founding. An official told sex workers to “get a job that is more pleasing to God”.

印度尼西亚没有直接规范卖淫的国家法律。但一些地方政府使用一项模棱两可的“违反道德罪”的法律禁止所在地区从事性交易。2014年，马朗关闭了妓院，作为该区的“生日礼物”，关闭时间与该区成立1245周年相吻合。一名官员告诉性工作者“找一份更讨真主喜悦的工作”。

王不留(wbliu85)注：印尼约87%的人口信奉伊斯兰教,是世界上穆斯林人口最多的国家。6.1%的人口信奉基督教新教,3.6%信奉天主教,其余信奉印度教、佛教和原始拜物教等。伊斯兰教信奉的神为“真主”。

national law 国内法，本国法，国家法 

local governments 地方自治 ;  地方政府 ;  local government的复数 

work in 把…加进 ;  把…混入 ;  把…掺进 

shut down 关闭，歇业，停业 

brothels 妓院 ;  brothel的复数 

coincide with 与…一致

Some prostitutes in Malang stayed at the brothels and worked clandestinely. Others took their work to the streets. Some gave up on sex work and returned to their villages. Where once such work was done during the day, it shifted to the night. A sign in a brothel that said “condoms must be used here” was changed to advertise karaoke, though opportunities for warbling to old chartbusters proved scarce. Ms Sunti Ani took up the God-pleasing vocation of waiting tables but quit when her coworkers found out about her former career.

马朗一些卖淫者留在妓院，从事秘密交易。其他人走上街头。还有些人放弃皮肉生意，回到自己的村庄。曾经白天做这种交易的地方，现在转移到了晚上。一家妓院的招牌上曾写着“这儿必须使用安全套”，后来被改成了卡拉OK的广告，只是听到老唱片柔和音乐的机会并不多。桑蒂·安尼女士开始了上帝喜悦的侍应生工作，但当她的同事发现她以前的职业时，她辞职了。

took 携带 ;  拿走 ;  取走 ;  运走 ;  带去 ;  引领 ;  使达到，把…推向，把…带到 ;  take的过去式 

vocation 职业 ;  工作 ;  生活方式 ;  信心 ;  使命感 ;  圣召 ;  神召 

waiting tables 侍应生

wait table 伺候进餐

quit 退出 ;  戒掉 ;  停止 ;  离开 ;  离任 ;  离校 ;  离开，迁出，搬离 

found out 发现 ;  猜着 ;  想出 ;  揭发 

former 前者的 ;  模型 ;  样板 ;  构成者 ;  创造者 ;  起形成作用的人 ;  线圈架 ;  前 ;  以前的 ;  昔日的 

career 生涯 ;  职业 ;  经历 ;  事业 ;  猛冲，疾驰，飞奔

Even as Malang embarked on its crackdown on prostitution, brothels in two nearby districts remained open. That presented researchers with a control group. Comparing indicators from Malang and its neighbours, Lisa Cameron of the University of Melbourne, Jennifer Seager of George Washington University and Manisha Shah of the University of California, Los Angeles found that within six months of criminalisation, sexually transmitted infections (stis) among sex workers in Malang had risen by 58%, even as they remained stable in the control group. Nor was the policy effective at reducing prostitution: though the sex market initially shrank, it grew back to its original size after five years.

即使马朗开始打击卖淫行为，其附近两个社区的妓院却仍在营业。这为研究人员提供了一个对照组。比较马朗和其邻区的指标后，墨尔本大学的丽莎·卡梅隆（Lisa Cameron），乔治·华盛顿大学的詹妮弗·西格尔（Jennifer Seager）及加州大学洛杉矶分校的马尼沙·沙阿（Manisha Shah）发现将卖淫定为犯罪的六个月内，马朗性工作者的性传播感染（STI）上升了58%，即使他们在对照组中保持稳定。这项（禁止卖淫行为的）政策在减少卖淫方面没有效果：尽管性交易市场最初萎缩，但五年后，又恢复到原来的规模。

Even as 恰巧在…时候;正当 

presented sb with sth /  present sth to sb 为某人提供某物

control group 控制栏，控制组，对照组

Public-health measures suffered as a result of the ban. Many prostitutes in Malang lost access to the STI checks and cheap condoms that non-profits and local health officials used to provide. Some organisations stopped administering services to sex workers because they were wary of aiding a criminalised trade. Those that continued have had a harder time locating sex workers because they are no longer centralised in brothels. Condom prices tripled as subsidised ones disappeared. As sex workers’ earnings fell, some compensated by offering clients unprotected sex, for which they can charge more.

公共卫生措施因禁令而受影响。马朗的许多妓女无法获得非营利组织和当地卫生官员提供的性病检查和廉价避孕套。一些组织停止对性工作者提供管理服务，因为他们担心会协助非法交易。那些继续提供管理服务的组织更难找到性工作者，因为她们不再集中在妓院。随着避孕套补贴消失，避孕套价格涨了两倍。由于性工作者收入的下降，一些人通过向客户提供没有任何安全措施的性服务收取更高费用，以减少收入差距。

as a result of 为…的结果 

access to 接近，去…的通路，使用…的机会 

used to 曾经 

have had 有 ;  以前有过 

no longer 不再 

brothels 妓院 ;  brothel的复数 

tripled 成为三倍 ;  使增至三倍 ;  triple的过去分词和过去式

The findings fit into an existing body of evidence that suggests criminalising sex work leads to bad outcomes. Negotiations may be rushed if sex workers must keep an eye out for the police, and this reduces their bargaining power. They become more vulnerable to assaults if they are reluctant to report them. Criminal records often prevent them from getting other kinds of jobs. One study suggests that decriminalising sex work may reduce rapes, even among the general population. These costs can be particularly high in poor countries , where relatively more women sell sex. For now, Ms Sunti Ani continues for the sake of her family. Her sex work pays for her daughter’s education.

这一发现与现有大量证据相吻合，这些证据表明，将性交易定为犯罪导致不良后果。如果性工作者必须时刻留意警察，谈价可能会仓促进行，这会降低她们的议价能力。如果她们不愿被举报，她们就更容易受到攻击。犯罪记录常常阻止她们获得其它类型的工作。一项研究表明性交易合法化可能会减少强奸案件，即使在普通人群中也是如此。在贫穷国家，这些代价可能特别高，那里的女性卖淫相对较多。目前，为了家人，桑蒂·安尼女士仍继续从事这行当。她的性交易酬劳支付了她女儿的教育费用。

fit into 融入 ;  与…相处融洽 ;  归属，适于 

body of evidence 大量证据 

may be 多半 

keep an eye out for 留意;瞪大眼睛;密切注意 

bargaining power 讨价还价的能力 

become/be vulnerable to sth 易受...侵害:

kinds of 各种各样的 ;  不同种类 ;  是很多种 

for the sake of 为了…起见

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