自考计算机科学与技术 - 英语(二) - 00015 - 笔记0

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The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did. ________ by carefully studying the present, skilled businCessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen.未来太重要了，不能像高中生那样简单地猜测。因此，专家们经常被要求通过仔细研究当前的情况来准确预测，技术娴熟的商人、科学家和政治家应该能够提前知道会发生什么C

A. The stock market had its worst losses ever.股市遭遇了有史以来最严重的损失

B. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat.建筑物会旋转，这样它们就可以跟随太阳，最大限度地利用它的光和热

C. So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately.因此，专家经常被要求准确预测

D. The article was written in 1958.这篇文章写于1958年
"Many of life’s failures," he supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.The main idea of this paragraph is__________.“生活中的许多失败，”他说，“都是那些在放弃时没有意识到自己离成功有多近的人”。在1879年10月那个神奇的时刻之前，爱迪生已经提出了不少于三千种关于电灯的理论，但只有两种情况下他的实验奏效了。这段话的主要思想是爱迪生对失败的评论D

A.Importance of learning from failure.从失败中学习的重要性

B.Never a successful man gives up.成功的人从不放弃

C.It is important to fail for a successful man.失败对一个成功的人来说很重要

D.Edison’S comment on failure.爱迪生对失败的评论
Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working ________.尽管研究人员刚刚公布了显微镜的技术细节，但它已经上市了。目前，它只有冰箱那么大，扫描电路需要几分钟的时间，但肖和施拉格正在努力将其缩小到台式电脑的大小，并将扫描时间缩短到三十秒C

A.to take tiny chips we require.取我们需要的小芯片

B.to making chips any smaller.使芯片变得更小

C.to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds.将其缩小到台式电脑的大小，并将扫描时间缩短到30秒

D.of conducting electricity.循环电力
Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. ________. Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him.许多初出茅庐的面试官担心他们是在强迫对方回答问题，没有权利询问他的个人秘密。这种恐惧几乎百分之百是不必要的。除非这个人真的讨厌被采访，否则他很高兴有人想采访他A

A.This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary.这种恐惧几乎是百分之百没有必要的

B.This doesn't necessarily mean that it will go well.这并不一定意味着事情会进展顺利

C.Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting.大多数男人和女人过着团结的生活

D.Both of you need time to get to know each other.你们俩都需要时间来了解对方
“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what’s going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge ________.剑桥大学的Albert Galy说：“地球化学家只是想直观地了解元素的变化。我想等高线对本科生来说是有好处的。”C

A.An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table(元素周期表)to make chemistry simpler to teach to students.一位地球科学家修改了元素周期表，使化学更容易教给学生

B.The traditional periodic table was well drawn.传统的元素周期表绘制得很好

C.“I imagine contour lines would be good for undergraduates.”我想高线对本科生来说会很好

D.But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.但它为电荷密度增加了轮廓线，有助于解释哪些离子与哪些离子反应
Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(板球).Q: Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.虽然没有其他游戏能完全像棒球，但也许最像棒球的是英国板球。Q：棒球与英国板球运动有许多共同之处A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.Q: To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk.在开始演讲之前，请善待你的声音。避免牛奶或奶油饮料覆盖你的喉咙。喝一点加糖的热茶或稀释的果汁来保持喉咙湿润。Q：为了解决口干的问题，建议喝凉牛奶B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency. This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care. This damages their prospects as a presidential contender.Q: One of Hillary’s campaign promises is to reform the nation’s health care system.上周末，前总统比尔·克林顿的妻子希拉里·罗德姆·克林顿宣布竞选2008年总统。这在一定程度上是由于人们有偏见地认为，女性在国家安全方面很弱，尽管她们在教育和医疗保健方面可能很强。这损害了他们作为总统候选人的前景。Q：希拉里的竞选承诺之一是改革国家的医疗保健系统C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of __________.在过去的几十年里，人们已经意识到特定金属在人类饮食中的重要性，并且已经认识到地质学可能与健康有关的许多元素，如碘、锌和硒。例如，土壤中的碘含量如何生产作物，以及缺碘的动物。人类饮食中碘的缺乏会导致一些严重的疾病。一些严重的疾病与碘元素缺乏有关B

A.industrially polluted soils.工业污染土壤

B.the element of iodine.碘元素

C.rock and soil chemistry.岩土化学

D.the persistence of heavy metals.重金属的持久性
Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea of this paragraph is__________.维格纳尔通过比较这些火山杀死的生命比例和它们产生的熔岩量，计算出了这些火山的“杀死效率”。他发现，规模与规模相比，较老的火山爆发在消灭生命方面的效果至少是最近的竞争对手的十倍。这一段的主要思想是计算老火山爆发的杀伤力C

A.Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions.古代火山爆发的杀伤力

B.Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions.解释老年火山爆发的杀伤力

C.Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions.老年火山爆发死亡人数的计算

D.A Mass Extinction.大灭绝
The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.One form of lightning that __________ is ball lightning.闪电的平均长度超过三英里，传播速度可达光速的十分之一。球状闪电是最稀有、最神秘的形式，它的名字来源于撞击点附近出现的小发光球，水平移动，持续几秒钟。一种最不常见的闪电形式是球状闪电A

A.occurs most infrequently.发生频率最低

B.is shifted sideways by strong winds.被强风吹向侧面

C.is often hidden from our view.往往隐藏在我们的视线之外

D.is estimated at 20 millions a year.估计每年两千万
Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability(不可预知) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist(性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.The main consideration of using males and females’ names for hurricanes is __________.你知道吗，在1950年之前，飓风没有名字？他们只是得到了数字。名字只是阿尔法、布拉沃、查理等，但在1953年，由于风暴的不可预测性，人们给了雌性名字。在1979年，意识到这些名字的性别歧视性质，名单扩大到包括男性和女性。在飓风中使用食物和女性名字的主要考虑因素是性别平等C

A.the timely(及时的) discovery.及时发现

B.its uncertainty.其不确定性

C.sex equality.性素质

D.its connection with humans.它与人类的联系
The key to gardening with kids, says Patti Kraemer-Doell, family garden coordinator at the New York Botanical Gardens, is “Letting them experience it themselves. We have tried to guide them, but not tell them to put the sunflowers here and the tomatoes there. The emphasis is on developing their imagination and their appreciation for being out in the garden.”The main idea of this paragraph is__________.纽约植物园的家庭花园协调员Patti Kraemer Doell说，与孩子们一起园艺的关键是“让他们自己体验。我们试图引导他们，但不是告诉他们把向日葵和西红柿放在这里。重点是培养他们的想象力和对花园的欣赏。”这段话的主要思想是《家庭园艺中最重要的一点》C

A.Different Kinds of Gardens.不同类型的花园

B.Kinds of Plants in s Home Gardens家庭花园中的植物种类

C.The Most Important Point in Family Gardening家庭园艺中最重要的一点

D.How to plan sunflowers and tomatoes如何规划向日葵和西红柿
Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges(正电荷) build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged(负电荷的). In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the ground’s surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the ground’s surface__________.闪电是在雨云中电荷分离时产生的，尽管其过程尚不完全清楚。通常，云层顶部会积聚正电荷，而底部会带负电荷。在大多数云层环绕闪电的情况下，云层带负电荷的下部会排斥地面上带负电荷部分，使其带正电荷。地面上的正电荷聚集在高处。在大多数云对地闪电的情况下，地面带正电荷A

A.is positively charged.带正电

B.is shifted sideways by strong winds.被强风吹向侧面

C.is negative charged.带负电荷

D.is changed from positively charge to negative charge.从正电荷变为负电荷
If you are tired of making vague excuses for another dull summer at home, here is a thought to lift your spirits. You do not need anything so radical as winning a lottery(彩票) to finance a trip to Europe. A student identity card that can be obtained for a few dollars from the Council on International Educational Exchange entitles(给予、授权) you to discount tickets (打折机票) on certain charter flights to London and Paris, as well as reduced admission to many museums, cinemas, and musical events. Once in Europe, you can stay at approved youth hostels for about two dollars a night. So don’t give up your hopes of becoming an international traveler.The main idea of this paragraph is__________.如果你厌倦了为家里又一个无聊的夏天找含糊的借口，这里有一个想法可以振奋你的精神。你不需要任何像中彩票这样简单的东西来资助去欧洲的旅行。从国际教育交流委员会（Council on International Education Exchange）只需几美元即可获得学生身份，您就可以享受飞往伦敦和巴黎的某些包机的折扣票，以及许多博物馆、电影院和音乐活动的门票折扣。一旦到了欧洲，你可以住在经批准的青年旅社，每晚大约2美元。所以，唐；不要放弃成为国际旅行者的希望。这段话的主要意思是，学生在夏天去欧洲旅行很容易A

A.It is easy for a student to travel in Europe during the summer.学生夏天去欧洲旅行很容易

B.The student needs to obtain an identity card to travel at a cheap rate.学生需要获得身份证才能以低廉的价格旅行

C.The student could stay at approved youth hostels for about two dollars a night.这名学生可以住在经批准的青年旅社，每晚约2美元

D.The students will become international travelers in summer.学生们将在夏天成为国际旅行者
As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summer’s end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes, children can__________.随着向日葵的生长，在它们周围围上干草围栏进行保护，必要时用木桩固定。在每朵向日葵的根部种植牵牛花或甜豌豆，它们会长出茎，最终在顶部形成一个屋顶。到夏末，孩子们将有一个向日葵屋可以玩。秋天来临时，孩子们会在向日葵屋里玩游戏B

A.seed lots of sunflowers.种很多向日葵

B.play games in the sunflower house.在向日葵屋玩游戏

C.include plants with animal names.包括有动物名称的植物

D.find their own playing section.找到自己的游戏区
They always complained(抱怨) more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways. They also blamed that their parents always have a final say. And the young felt that their parents do not trust their children to deal with crises. Besides, they dissatisfied too much murmurs of their parents about certain problems and the lack of sense of humor in dealing with the problems, at least in parents-children relationships.The main idea of this paragraph is__________.他们总是或多或少地抱怨他们的父母与现代生活脱节。他们还指责父母总是有最终决定权。年轻人觉得他们的父母不会让他们的孩子去处理危机。此外，他们不满意父母对某些问题的抱怨，以及在处理这些问题时缺乏幽默感，至少在亲子关系中是这样。这段话的主要意思是：对他们的批评太多了C

A.The criticisms to their parents can be kept out of the young people’s mind in following ways.年轻人可以通过以下方式避免对父母的批评

B.It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them.年轻人有时会批评父母，并将他们之间的大部分误解归咎于他们，这是很自然的

C.There are so many criticism to their parents among the young people.年轻人对父母的批评太多了

D.Young people have gotten enough reasons to criticize their parents.年轻人有足够的理由批评他们的父母
Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. ________. Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow.科学家们已经了解到，疼痛感是由化学和电信号组成的。这些信号从受伤区域的神经细胞传播，沿脊髓向上传播到大脑，然后再向下传播。科学家们还了解到，神经系统向大脑发送两种不同的疼痛信息：一种非常快，另一种很慢B

A.It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.它告诉我们不要使用受伤的部位

B.These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord(脊髓)to the brain, and back down again.这些信号从受伤区域的神经细胞开始，沿脊髓向上传播到大脑，然后再向下传播

C.The first message is the warning signal.第一条消息是警告信号

D.The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.另一条信息的移动速度仅为每秒一米
Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. ________. This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.姿势。良好的姿势会让你对自己感觉更好。如果你情绪低落，你通常不会坐直，肩膀向内。这会使呼吸更加困难，进而让你感到紧张或不舒服A

A.If you are feeling down, you normally don’t sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.如果你情绪低落，你通常不会坐直，肩膀向内

B.Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using body movements or gestures.肢体语言是使用身体动作或手势的几种交流形式的广义术语

C.Body language differs from culture to culture.肢体语言因文化而异

D.If you are at interviews, try to keep them still.如果你在面试，尽量让他们保持安静
The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. ________. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption(爆发) of ancient volcanoes(火山)．Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.加勒比群岛形成了一条将加勒比海与大西洋其他地区隔开的链条。它们就像一条横跨南北美洲的长项链。许多岛屿是由古代火山喷发形成的。其他是从海洋中逐渐升起的低洼珊瑚岛C

A.They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty.它们以温暖的热带气候和美丽的自然风光而闻名

B.What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands?如果你乘船去加勒比海群岛，你会看到什么？

C.They're like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America.如果你也去加勒比海群岛巡航，你会去看看吗

D.But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.但加勒比海群岛的生活并不总是天堂
There is a difference between science and technology. ________. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science.科学和技术是有区别的。科学是回答理论问题的方法；技术是一种解决实际问题的方法。科学必须发现自然界中可观察现象之间的事实和关系，并建立有助于组织这些事实和关系的理论；技术与应用科学发现的工具、技术和程序有关D

A.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.科学和技术之间的另一个区别与各自的进步有关

B.We are all familiar with the improper use of technology.我们都熟悉技术的不当使用

C.Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor.与科学不同，技术进步必须以人为因素来衡量

D.Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.科学是回答理论问题的方法；技术是解决实际问题的一种方法
Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. ________. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you’re unhappy!武器。你如何抱着你的手臂，表明你对遇到的人是开放和乐于接受的。如果你把手臂放在身体两侧或背后，这表明你不怕面对任何事情。外向的人通常会用手臂做大动作，而安静的人则会把手臂放在身体附近。如果有人让你心烦意乱，只要交叉双臂表示你不开心A

A.Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies.外向的人通常会用手臂运动，而安静的人则会把手臂放在身体附近

B.If you ale feeling down, you normally don’t sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.如果你情绪低落，你通常不会坐直，肩膀向内

C.However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you’re not pleased.然而，这可能仍然会引起注意，人们会知道你不高兴

D.If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.如果你高兴，你通常会睁大眼睛，人们会注意到这一点
Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people. ________. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays.尽管关于太阳黑子将如何对人们的健康产生负面影响的研究很少。朝鲜天文台发表的一篇论文称，太阳风暴可能会导致心脏病和皮肤病发病率的增加。因此，科学家警告说，外出的人应该小心地用衣服、雨伞和太阳镜保护暴露的皮肤和眼睛免受富含紫外线的强烈阳光照射D

A.Ionosphere is high above the earth.电离层高出地球

B.If the lights in your house keep flickering, blame frequent sunspots.如果你家的灯一直在闪烁，那就怪频繁的太阳黑子。

C.According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots.根据俄罗斯科学家在1957年至1960年进行的一项研究，地震的频率可能与太阳黑子的运动有关

D.A paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease.朝鲜天文台发表的一篇论文称，太阳风暴可能会导致心脏病和亲属病发病率的增加
Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. ________. However, most parents don't have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.在家上学通常比普通学校更有趣，但批评者认为，在家上学的人是局外人，在成年后可能会不舒服地与他人交往。批评者还说，大多数父母都没有很好地教育孩子。然而，大多数家长没有时间或意愿在家教孩子，所以学校将继续是大多数孩子接受正规教育的地方A

A.Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.批评者还认为，大多数父母没有很好的资格教孩子

B.A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school.许多家长不愿意送孩子上学

C.Children who are educated at home are known as "home-schoolers."在家接受教育的孩子被称为“家庭教育者”

D.Others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home.其他人认为，他们可以通过在家教孩子来为孩子提供更好的教育体验
All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. ________. There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today.美国的所有儿童都必须接受教育，但法律并没有规定他们必须在学校接受教育。许多家长不愿意送孩子上学。在家接受教育的孩子被称为“家庭教育者”。今天，美国大约有30万在家上学的学生。D

A.Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.其他人认为，他们可以通过在家教孩子来为孩子提供更好的教育体验

B.In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents.然而，在某些国家，孩子们是由父母教育的

C.Learning starts with the children's interests and questions.学习从孩子的兴趣和问题开始

D.Children who are educated at home are known as "home-schoolers.在家接受教育的孩子被称为“家庭教育者”
Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people’s cigarettes．________. The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53，000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.医生认为，二手烟可能会导致不吸烟的人患上癌症，因为不吸烟者经常吸入他人香烟的烟雾。这种烟叫做二手烟。美国环境保护局报告称，美国每年约有5.3万人因接触二手烟而死亡C

A.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.对于生活在父母双方都吸烟的家庭中的儿童来说，风险甚至更高

B.In the United States，nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.在美国，900万岁以下的儿童生活在至少有一个吸烟者的家庭中

C.This smoke is called secondhand smoke.这种烟叫做二手烟

D.No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.没有人知道吉尔森先生为什么得了癌症
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. ________. That is at least as important as how much we know.作者说，在每所学校，人际关系应该与阅读、写作和数学一起作为必修课教授。人们认为，人生的成功主要取决于我们如何与他人相处。这至少和我们知道多少一样重要D

A.Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.关于陌生人的许多说法也适用于与家人和朋友的关系

B.He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.他一直在看对方的叫声，好像希望在房间的另一个地方找到一个更有趣的人

C.Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.每次你在社交场合遇到某人，都要全神贯注地关注他四分钟。

D.In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.在他看来，人生的成功主要取决于我们如何与他人相处
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker’s health. ________. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies.点燃的香烟产生的烟雾含有许多不同的有毒化学物质。过去，科学家们认为这些化学物质不会损害不吸烟者的健康。然而，最近，风景学家在研究了一大群不吸烟者后改变了他们的观点。他们发现，即使是不吸烟者，体内也含有不健康数量的这些有毒化学物质B

A.The Gilsons have been married for 35 years吉尔森夫妇结婚35年了.

B.Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.然而，最近，科学家在研究了一大群不吸烟者后改变了他们的观点

C.We cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants.我们无法避免在餐馆里吸二手烟

D.In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.在美国，900万五岁以下的儿童在至少有一名吸烟者的家庭中
The acid rain(酸雨) is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. ________.据说酸雨是由墨西哥湾油井的污染造成的。汽车尾气也是一个问题。当地的火山爆发使问题更加严重。然而，研究人员表示，只要有足够的资金和资金，许多问题都可以得到解决，侵蚀率也会降低。然而，墨西哥政府没有足够的钱来做这项工作，需要把钱花在墨西哥人民身上。C

A.The problem, however, is not just a European one.然而，问题不仅仅是欧洲的问题

B.That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.这足以导致一些古代雕刻已经严重受损

C.However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.然而，墨西哥政府没有足够的钱来做这项工作，需要花掉它没有的钱

D.Acid rain is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.酸雨是欧洲工业化国家常见的问题
David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school: ________. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears (北极熊), and winter tourism. A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program.David Guterson和他的妻子在家里教他们的三个孩子。Guterson说，他的孩子和学校里的孩子学习的方式非常不同：学习从孩子的兴趣和问题开始。例如，当冬天有大雪时，它可能会开始讨论或阅读有关气候、除雪设备、阿拉斯加、北极熊和冬季旅游的内容。一个春天的晚上，当一家人出去看星星时，是询问有关卫星和太空的问题的好时机B

A.Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values.一些家长更喜欢在家教孩子，因为他们不相信公立学校教授正确的宗教价值观

B.Learning starts with the children's interests and questions.学习从孩子的兴趣和问题开始

C.Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.有趣的是，结果显示，在全国范围内，受教育的孩子在阅读和数学考试中的表现往往比平均水平好

D.Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.批评者还说，大多数父母都没有很好的资格教他们的孩子
Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. ________ Says Sallie Chishol, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "But the take-home message is the same. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming."过去的粗略估计也预测了类似的令人失望的结果。麻省理工学院的环境专家Sallie Chishol说：“有更新更好的模型。”。“但带回家的信息是一样的。海洋施肥不是全球变暖的答案”A

A."These are newer and better models,“有更新更好的模型。”

B.Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.然而，反对者认为，这将阻止全球变暖

C.Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily.在海洋中添加铁可以使浮游生物暂时繁殖

D.As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.随着浮游生物死亡并沉积在海底，它们的碳被认为被锁在海底
The charming smiles and service from the sales ladies and gentlemen are always there ready for you. More often than not(往往), on such occasions newcomers from elsewhere, say, China mainland, may feel something more than mere uneasiness-even a sense of guilt if they do not buy something from the shop. For some local old-timers(老前辈，老人), especially the teenagers, they feel quite at home with all these. Some of them think it is no good to be the "God"; sometimes they would rather be a shoplifter. The main idea of this paragraph is__________.销售人员迷人的笑容和服务，女士们，先生们，随时为您服务。很多时候，在这种情况下，来自其他地方的新来者，比如中国大陆，如果他们不从商店买东西，可能会感到不仅仅是不安，甚至是内疚感。对于一些当地的老年人，尤其是青少年来说，他们对所有这些都感到很自在。他们中的一些人认为做“上帝”不好；有时他们宁愿当小偷。这段话的主要思想是在这里购物或逛街，你真的可以感受到“顾客就是上帝！”的意思C

A.Hong Kong is worthy of its reputation as a business center of the world.香港是名副其实的世界商业中心

B.It is uneasy to be offered smiles and services.很难得到微笑和服务

C.Shopping or window-shopping here, you can really feel the meaning of "The Customer is the God ! "在这里购物或逛街，你真的能感受到“顾客就是上帝”的含义

D.Shoplifting has been a frequent criminal offence.商店行窃是一种常见的刑事犯罪
Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to __________.重金属具有持久性；它们不会分解成环境中的其他化学物质。工业污染场地通常会进行密集的清理和修复，因为重金属一旦进入食物链就会对健康造成威胁。一些微量金属被认为会导致癌症，也会导致中毒。由于重金属的持续存在，工业污染场地通常需要彻底清理A

A.the persistence of heavy metals.重金属的持久性

B.industrially polluted soils.工业污染土壤

C.naturally polluted soils.自然污染土壤

D.rock and soil chemistry.岩土化学
Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this paragraph is__________.今天，我们开始以不同的方式思考。在过去的几年里，研究对先天智力可以测量的观点以及智力本身的本质提出了质疑。现在有相当多的证据表明，环境对成绩和智力测试都有很大的影响，但与更幸运的同学相比，他们的表现往往会逐渐恶化。这一段的主要思想是环境对智力的影响C

A.Main Results of Recent Researches.近期研究的主要成果

B.Popular Doubt about the New View.对新观点的普遍怀疑

C.Effect of Environment on Intelligence.环境对智力的影响

D.Impact on School Education.对学校教育的影响
Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience(伪科学). I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagan’s opinion, Velikovsky might be__________.萨根以逻辑风格的活力而闻名，尤其是在批判一些伪科学时。我记得1973年美国科学促进会的一次会议，他在会上推翻了伊曼努尔·韦利科夫斯基的理论，后者坚持认为，就在几千年前，金星曾多次与地球和火星相撞；事件值得注意。维利科夫斯基在《圣经》中说，在萨根看来，维利科夫斯基可能是一个伪科学家B

A.a member of the National Academy of Science.美国国家科学院院士

B.a pseudo-scientist.伪科学家

C.a science populariser.科普者

D.a reporter.一个记者
It’s now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household. ________. However, people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.现在，独居在社会上是可以接受的，甚至是时尚的。随着人们获得更好的工作并在经济上独立，他们有可能维持一个人的家庭。越来越多的从事好工作的女性在很大程度上增加了独居人数。然而，结婚的人结婚年龄较晚，离婚也更频繁B

A.There's more pressure to get married nowadays.现在结婚的压力更大了

B.The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.越来越多的有好工作的女性在很大程度上增加了独居人数

C.It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.如今，许多成年人似乎正在实现儿时的梦想

D.More and more Americans are living alone.越来越多的美国人独居
In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because, British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because __________.在英国，机器人销量在1984年达到顶峰，但此后一直在下降。这部分是因为英国的工资率太低，无法使机器人在经济上具有吸引力，部分是因为工程师现在对机器人有了更多的经验，也更加意识到有效引入机器人的困难。如今，机器人在英国的普及率较低，部分原因是它们太贵了C

A.too much energy.能量太大

B.based on American designs.基于美国设计

C.they are too costly.它们太贵了

D.they are not reliable.它们不可靠
The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.According to the author, technology is important because ______.人类技术尚未开发的海洋资源令人印象深刻。石油和天然气勘探已经存在了近三十年。海底存在大量有价值的矿物，如铁、铜等。根据作者的说法，技术很重要，因为人类可以探索更深的海洋B

A.resources on land are running short in ten years.十年内陆地资源短缺

B.man can use it to explore the deeper sea.人类可以用它来探索更深的海洋

C.it is a lot of fun diving into the sea.潜入大海很有趣

D.ancient people used it to explore the sea.古代人用它来探索大海
But Ellen really became famous in 2001. Aged only 24, she was one of only two women who entered the Vendee Globe round the world solo race(单人环球帆船比赛), which lasts 100 days. Despite many problems, she came second in the race out of 24 competitors and she was given a very warm welcome when she returned.In the Vendee Globe race, Ellen won ________.但艾伦真的因为在2001年出名。年仅24岁的她是仅有的两名参加为期100天的Vendee Globe环球单人赛的女性之一。尽管有很多问题，她在24名参赛者中获得了第二名，当她回来时受到了非常热烈的欢迎。在旺迪环球帆船赛中，艾伦获得了第二名D

A.a gold medal.金牌

B.The “Best Woman Sailor” award“.最佳女水手”奖

C.The “Young Sailor of the Year” award“.年度青年水手”奖

D.the second place.第二名
During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you’re "hot". That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: "Get up, John！You’ll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage？在你工作的时间里，你可能会说你很“热”。确实如此。一天中你感觉最有活力的时候是你的体温周期处于峰值的时候。对一些人来说，高峰出现在早晨。对于其他人来说，它在下午或晚上到来。没有人发现为什么会这样，但这会导致一些熟悉的独白，比如：“起床，约翰！你上班又要迟到了”。对这一问题的可能解释是，约翰在晚上的体温和精力都达到了顶峰。当丈夫和妻子意识到这些能量循环意味着什么，以及每个家庭成员都有什么循环时，许多家庭争吵就结束了。根据文章，以下哪一项可能会导致家庭争吵？能量循环的无规律性A

A.Unawareness of energy cycles.不了解能量循环

B.Familiar monologues.熟悉的独白

C.A change in a family member’s energy cycle.家庭成员能量循环的变化

D.Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.试图控制其他家庭成员的能量循环
In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws(七巧板) and construction toys; painting, scribbling(涂鸦) and making things; Sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity______.在下一阶段，从三岁到五岁，好奇心没有界限。每种类型的合适玩具都应该提供给孩子，供他们尝试、实验和学习，以发现自己的特殊能力。砖块、拼图和建筑玩具；绘画、涂鸦和制作东西；沙与水嬉戏；富有想象力和假装的玩具是第一个学习玩耍和与他人相处的社交游戏。我们从文章中了解到，孩子四岁左右时会有无限的好奇心B

A.when he is two.当他两岁的时候

B.when he is around four.当他四岁左右的时候

C.when he is six.当他六岁的时候

D.when he is eight.当他八岁的时候
Helping the planet is a big part of what our world trip is all about and that’s exactly what we did this past week. We helped get a hydroponics farm started in a local village. This farm will be a model for the local villagers so they can start their very own self sustaining farm. Hydroponics is a type of farming that uses a third of the water needed in an average farm and uses no soil. A hydroponics farm _______________.帮助地球是我们世界之旅的重要组成部分，这正是我们上周所做的。我们帮助在当地一个村庄开办了一个水培农场。这个农场将成为当地村民的榜样，这样他们就可以开始自己的自给自足的农场。水培是一种农业，它使用普通农场所需水量的三分之一，不使用土壤。水培农场是一种没有土壤的农场B

A.is difficult to build.很难建造

B.is a type of farm without soil.是一种没有土壤的农场

C.will cost lots of money.会花很多钱

D.was started in the village before they came.他们来之前，村子里就开始了
Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired the world because _______.1999年9月的一个星期天下午，一位年迈的清洁女工Oseola McCarty在她生活和工作了大半辈子的小木屋里去世了。这可能看起来像是卑微生活的普通结局，但这个女人有一些不同寻常的地方。1995年夏天，麦卡蒂向家乡的南密西西比大学捐赠了15万美元，这是她一生中捐献的大部分资金。这笔钱是用来帮助其他非裔美国人上大学的。她从小就养成了储蓄的习惯，从学校回来打扫和熨烫，然后存钱。这位女士震惊并激励了全世界，因为她将毕生积蓄用于帮助他人完成大学学业C

A.she had managed to save so much money.她设法存了这么多钱

B.she gave her money to African Americans.她把钱捐给了非裔美国人

C.she gave her life savings to help others through university.她用毕生积蓄帮助别人读完大学

D.she only spent money on cheap things.她只把钱花在廉价的东西上
The UK is portioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP(人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey．China was in the lower haft of the league at 60th．Q: The United States of America is among the top 10 countries in the survey.英国排名第二十九，排名要低得多，主要是因为官方统计数据中记录的社会和家庭细分。美国的人均国内生产总值在卢森堡之后排名第二，在调查中排名第十三。中国队在联赛中排名第66位，处于下半程。Q：美国是调查中排名前十的国家之一B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians (百岁老人) get asked all the time：“How did you live to be 100?"Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community．密苏里州中部一个退休社区的五位邻居都是百岁老人，他们总是被问到：“你是怎么活到100岁的？”问：这五位百岁老人生活在一个非常友好的社区。C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter’s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.The main idea of this paragraph is __________.这些研究得出了两个主要发现。首先，观察到的智力的大部分发展发生在生命的最初几年。据估计，到四岁时，七岁时50%的可测量智力已经可以预测。其次，他在环境中最重要的因素是语言和心理方面的亲子关系。“特权”和“弱势”儿童在智力测量上的很大差异可能是由于后者缺乏适当的言语刺激和感知体验的贫乏。本段的主要观点是最近研究的主要结果C

A.Two Major Changed View of Intelligence.情报观的两大转变

B.Many of the differences in measured intelligence.智力测量的许多差异

C.Main Results of Recent Researches.近期研究的主要成果

D.Impact on School Education.对学校教育的影响
Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable?A great many people go on a diet to__________.当然，有数百万人需要减肥。但也有数百万人认为他们只需要这样做。强迫性和持续的节食，更不用说饮食失调，表明我们中的一些人会尽一切努力将我们的身体缩小到目前理想的形状。但体重过轻真的令人向往吗？很多人节食是为了拥有一个所有人都会钦佩的体型B

A.keep fit.健身

B.have a body shape that all people will admire.拥有一个所有人都会钦佩的体型

C.prolong life span.延长使用寿命

D.get ride of digestive system diseases.远离消化系统疾病
The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label "low IQ" which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not society’s eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.The main idea of this paragraph is __________.现代关于智力本质的观念必然会对我们的学校制度产生一定的影响。在一个方面，一种变化已经发生了。随着向综合教育的转变和非全日制班级的发展，越来越少的孩子将被贴上“低智商”的标签，这必然会在孩子自己的眼中，如果不是社会的眼中，谴责他。我们可以像教他们阅读或算术一样教孩子聪明的想法被越来越多的人接受。这一段的主要思想是对学校教育的影响A

A.Impact on School Education.对学校教育的影响

B.A Changed View of Intelligence.情报观的转变

C.Main Results of Recent Researches.近期研究的主要成果

D.Effect of Environment on Intelligence.环境对智力的影响
People suspected that “Lucky”, as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because______.人们怀疑朋友们称他为“幸运”的人想杀死他不再住在一起的妻子。他们说Lucan进入了他的老房子，在黑暗中误杀了保姆。他分居的妻子听到了声音，走下楼，也遭到了袭击，但设法逃脱了。谋杀案发生七个月后，陪审团得出结论，卢坎杀害了保姆。据认为，卢坎杀死保姆是因为天黑了，他以为她是卢坎夫人C

A.she was looking after the children.她正在照顾孩子们

B..she was a friend of Lucan's.她是卢坎的朋友

C.it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan.天黑了，他以为她是莱迪·鲁坎

D.Loard Lucan thought the nanny stole his car. Loard Lucan以为保姆偷了他的车
Marian, the girl who wrote the original story about Roxaboxen that the children’s book is based on, was mayor. Other kids ran the stores which sold imaginary ice cream and baked goods. Kids drove imaginary cars outside of town, and the speeders went to jail, which was guarded by the sheriff, another kid. Elsewhere, boys and girls had battles, charging each other’s bases using spears made with ocotillo, a desert plant. Who is Marian?玛丽安是一个女孩，她写了关于Roxaboxen的原始故事，这本书就是根据这个故事写成的。其他孩子经营着出售想象中的冰淇淋和烘焙食品的商店。孩子们开着想象中的汽车出城，超速者进了监狱，由另一个孩子治安官看守。在其他地方，男孩和女孩们进行了战斗，用沙漠植物ocotillo制成的长矛互相攻击对方的基地。谁玛丽安？在书中，她是Roxaboxen的市长C

A.She is the author.她是作者

B.She sold ice cream in Roxaboxen.她在Roxaboxen卖冰淇淋

C.She is the mayor of Roxaboxen in the book.在书中，她是Roxaboxen的市长

D.She guards the jail in the book.她在书中守卫着监狱
Tom, a near-sighted young man, went on a blind date with a girl. The two were satisfied with each other. And they exchanged their telephone numbers. What can we learn about Tom?汤姆，一个近视的年轻人，和一个女孩相亲。两人彼此都很满意。他们交换了电话号码。我们能从汤姆身上学到什么？汤姆起初给那个女孩留下了很好的印象A

A.Tom made a good impression on the girl at first.汤姆起初给那个女孩留下了很好的印象

B.It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl.这是汤姆第一次和女孩约会

C.Tom was blind.汤姆失明了

D.Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.汤姆很英俊，很受女孩们的欢迎
Secondary school had its own share of challenges. I was a tall kid and wasn't good at any sport, except looking. I loved basketball and tennis. The first day I held a racket, and I was disgraced by my opponent. He won six straight sets without sweat and there I was, sweating badly like I'd run a marathon, whereas I hadn’t even made a single point.Stanley was disgraced by his classmate in a ___________.中学也有自己的挑战。我是个高个子孩子，除了看，什么运动都不擅长。我喜欢篮球和网球。第一天我拿了一张纸条，我被对手羞辱了。他连续六盘无汗获胜，而我却汗流浃背，就像跑马拉松一样，而我甚至一分也没得。斯坦利在一场网球比赛中被同学羞辱了B

A.basketball game.篮球比赛

B.tennis game.网球比赛

C.marathon game.马拉松比赛

D.football game.足球比赛
The farm is set right next to a beautiful flood plain and the property is home to trees that have lived for thousands of years. All of the villages throughout Botswana(博茨瓦纳) have their own chief who controls a certain amount of land. We had the opportunity to sit in on a meeting with the chief of Katchikow, which we called it “Catch a Cow.” In the meeting we discussed starting a hydroponics farm in his area. He seemed to be all for it and said that it was god’s plan that the project we were helping with had come to his area.The chief of each village _____________.农场紧邻一片美丽的洪泛区，这里有数千年历史的树木。博茨瓦纳的所有村庄都有自己的酋长，他控制着一定数量的土地。我们有机会参加了与Katchikow酋长的会议，我们称之为“抓牛”。在会议上，我们讨论了在他的地区建立一个水培农场。他似乎完全赞成，并说这是上帝的计划，我们正在帮助的项目来到了他的地区。每个村长都有一定数量的土地C

A.is called Katchikow.被称为Katchikow

B.supports the idea of hydroponics farm.支持水培农场的想法

C.has a certain amount of land.拥有一定面积的土地

D.has a meeting each week.每周有一次会议
One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman, the world's lowest.In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______.原因之一是经济因素。在传统的农业经济中，大家庭是有益的。有更多的孩子就意味着有更多的工人下地干活，父母年老时也有人照顾。在工业经济中，情况就不同了。孩子多对家庭没有任何帮助，反而是一种开支。因此，工业化普遍降低了出生率。意大利的情况就是如此，该国的工业化进程较晚，而且速度很快。二十世纪初，意大利的经济迅速实现了现代化和工业化。到本世纪末，出生率下降到每名妇女 1.3 个孩子，是世界上出生率最低的国家。在传统的农业经济中，大家庭可能是一种优势A

A.can be an advantage.可能是一个优势

B.may limit income.可能会限制收入

C.isn’t necessary.没有必要

D.is expensive.很贵
You consider that you can’t find your place in your own country, so you risk the comfortable but modest life with your parents and you go abroad. Maybe there will be moments when you can’t stand the loneliness anymore, the strangers around you, or your job. But you remember nobody made you take that decision, so you take a deep breath, and you go on, as you are the only one to be blamed.When you are lonely in a foreign country, you should ________.你认为你在自己的国家找不到自己的位置，所以你冒着和父母一起过舒适但谦逊的生活的风险出国了。也许有些时候，你再也忍受不了孤独、周围的陌生人或你的工作。但你记得没有人让你做出这个决定，所以你深呼吸，然后继续，因为你是唯一受到指责的人。当你在国外感到孤独时，你应该坚持自己的决定，继续前进C

A.change your decision.改变你的决定

B.blame your parents for it.怪你父母

C.stick to your decision and go on.坚持你的决定，继续前进

D.make more friends.结交更多朋友
If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales. This passage is mostly about__________.如果你喜欢浏览亚瑟·弗洛默或尤金·福多等熟悉作家的旅行书籍，那么你会发现旅行写作有着悠久而古老的历史。几乎从最早的有记录时间的编年史开始，人们就为他们讲述的陌生和异国情调的旅程找到了现成的观众。这篇文章主要是关于三位早期旅行作家去哪里写的C

A.why people find travel writing exciting.为什么人们觉得旅行写作令人兴奋

B.the literary style of three early travel writers.三位早期旅行作家的文学风格

C.where three early travel writers went and wrote about.三位早期旅行作家曾去那里写过

D.how to write a travel book.如何写一本旅游书
When I graduated from high school, my family had a business so I never thought about getting a college degree. I went straight from my high school graduation to work for my father. After 24 years of ups and downs(mostly downs), I decided that I wanted to return to school and earn a degree in Business Administration.Why didn’t the author go on with education after graduating from high school?当我高中毕业时，我的家人有一个商业想法，想获得大学学位。我高中毕业后就直接为父亲工作。在经历了24年的起起落落（大多是低谷）后，我决定重返校园，攻读工商管理学位。为什么作者高中毕业后不继续接受教育？帮她爸爸做生意A

A.To help her father with business.帮她爸爸做生意

B.To escape from school life.逃离学校生活

C.To experience social life early.尽早体验社交生活

D.To achieve her dream.为了实现她的梦想
She told me her name was Helen and she was talking to a local restaurant where they were going to have lunch after her appointment. She called to see if he was there. She said, “My husband has Alzheimer’s(老年痴呆) and he shouldn’t be driving without me.” Numerous thoughts ran through my head. Call the police, call her family, and notify(通知) the doctor’s office she had just come from! But at first, I offered to drive to the local restaurant to see if Ed was waiting for her there. The elderly woman cried in the lobby when she was talking to ________.她告诉我她的名字叫海伦，她正在和当地的一家餐厅交谈，预约后他们将在那里吃午饭。她打电话问他是否在这里。她说：“我丈夫患有阿尔茨海默氏症，没有我，他不应该开车。”。我脑海中闪过无数思绪。打电话给警察，打电话给她的家人，并通知她刚来的医生办公室！但起初，我主动提出开车去当地的餐馆，看看埃德是否在这里等她。这位老妇人在大厅里和当地一家餐馆谈话时哭了C

A.her husband with Alzheimer’s.她患有阿尔茨海默氏症的丈夫

B.the nurse in the doctor’s office.医生办公室的护士

C.a local restaurant.当地餐馆

D.one of her family members.她的一个家庭成员
I recognized that the sites such as Associated Content can provide a fertile ground for learning how to become a better writer. I could see that this was an open door for systematically learning some basic writing skills without paying college tuition for classes and leaving the comfort of my own home. In the eyes of the author, the site Associated Content __________.我认识到，像Associated Content这样的网站可以为学习如何成为一名更好的作家提供肥沃的土壤。我可以看到，这是一扇敞开的大门，可以系统地学习一些基本的写作技能，而无需支付大学学费，也不用离开自己舒适的家。如果作者同意，Associated Content网站对你成为作家有好处B

A.offers you a lot of novels to read.为你提供了许多小说可供阅读

B.is good for your becoming a writer.对你成为作家有好处

C.asks you to study writing regularly.要求你定期学习写作

D.is rather expensive but convenient.虽然很贵，但很方便
The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However, middle class is not a real designation, nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing, more and more people owned their own homes, workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them, and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. The information in this passage deals with_______.美国自认为是一个中产阶级国家。然而，中产阶级并不是一个真正的称谓，也没有特权。这更像是一种看法，这可能是二战后最真实的看法。经济在增长，越来越多的人拥有自己的房子，工人与雇佣他们的公司签订了牢固的合同，几乎每个想要接受高等教育的人都可以接受高等教育。这篇文章中的信息涉及一个社会和经济群体B

A.an individual.个人

B.a social and economic group.一个社会和经济团体

C.a political organization.政治组织

D.Government.政府
Roxaboxen is based on the true story of a group of children, growing up in the Arizona desert. There children can be a bit wild and much free, and they play outside from dawn to dusk. The children discover the make-believe(虚假的) town, built on the hill across from their neighborhood. The town, called Roxaboxen, becomes the center of their play as the children grow, but the story is not just about the time spent in Roxaboxen as young children. More than that, this book is about the way that imagination and secret places stay with us as we grow older and become a part of who we are. It is about the way that it helps us to grow into the adults that we become. What does the book’s name Roxaboxen refer to?《Roxaboxen》取材于一群在亚利桑那州沙漠中长大的孩子的真实故事。那里的孩子们可以有点狂野，也很自由，他们从黎明到黄昏都在外面玩耍。孩子们发现了一个虚构的小镇，建在他们社区对面的山上。随着孩子们的成长，这个名为Roxaboxen的小镇成为了他们玩耍的中心，但故事不仅仅是关于他们小时候在Roxaboxun度过的时光。更重要的是，这本书讲述了随着年龄的增长，想象力和秘密的地方如何与我们同在，成为我们的一部分。这是关于它帮助我们成长为成年人的方式。这本书的名字Roxaboxen指的是什么？一个地方D

A.A child.一个小孩

B.A library.图书馆

C.A period of time.一段时间

D.A place.一个地方
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.An important influence in early ballet was_____.专业芭蕾舞也是在一千六百年开始的。兰斯国王路易六世是一位忠诚的舞蹈家，他创立了皇家舞蹈学院。所有芭蕾舞步骤开始的五个基本脚位已经确定。1700年末，又发生了一个重要的变化。芭蕾舞团开始自己讲故事。它不再只是在戏剧表演之间表演的舞蹈。精致的假发和服装被取消了。到一千八百年初，舞者学会了用脚趾站立，让自己看起来像是在漂浮。路易十四对早期芭蕾舞产生了重要影响D

A.Balanchine.巴兰钦

B.Marie Antoinette.玛丽·安托瓦内特

C.Diaghilev.迪亚吉列夫

D.Louis XIV.路易十四
I don’t claim there isn’t a force which guides us, which takes care of us, but the main element that helps us build up our future is our way of being. Our personality, our character, our way of perceiving(感知) reality and everything that surrounds us are the elements which may bring us to the top, or on the contrary, make us miserable. The author thinks that our future is decided mainly by ________.我并不是说没有一种力量来引导我们，照顾我们，但帮助我们建立或未来的主要因素是我们的存在方式。我们的个性，我们的性格，我们感知现实的方式以及我们周围的一切都是可能让我们达到顶峰的因素，或者相反，让我们痛苦。作者认为，我们的未来主要取决于我们的生存方式，比如我们的性格B

A.a superior force like God.像上帝一样的强大力量

B.our way of being, such as our character.我们的存在方式，比如我们的性格

C.things and persons that surround us.我们周围的人和事

D.others’ choice and responsibility. 他人的选择和责任
Parents often decide on the basis of what their children want. Cathy, a mother told us, “My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate school dinners. I make 3 packed lunches every morning, so our kitchen is like a sandwich bar in the morning.” However, another mother, Susan made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food. She said, “My daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches.”Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?父母经常根据孩子的需求做出决定。一位摩托车手凯茜告诉我们：“我的孩子们都自带午餐，因为他们说他们讨厌学校的晚餐。我每天早上做3包午餐，所以我们的厨房就像早上的三明治吧。”然而，另一位妈妈苏珊是根据食物的营养价值做出选择的。她说：“我女儿总是吃学校的晚餐。我认为她在学校吃一顿煮熟的午餐可能会比我做几个三明治吃得更健康。”根据文章，以下哪一项是正确的？凯茜可能至少有三个孩子。C

A.Katz thinks chips are good for his kids.Katz认为薯片对他的孩子有好处

B.Susan’s daughter likes eating sandwiches.苏珊的女儿喜欢吃三明治

C.Cathy may have at least three children.凯茜可能至少有三个孩子

D.Jamie likes burgers and pizzas.杰米喜欢汉堡和披萨
During these past few years I used Associated Content to try writing. I found writing for that site was not my cup of tea. However, my experience there was positive as I was rewarded with even more learning opportunities just by dipping my toes into the water. Through Associated Content I was introduced to the world of blogging. I decided to learn how to set up a blog myself. Now I’m interested in blogging and continue to work as a writer. What is the author’s purpose of using the site Associated Content?在过去的几年里，我起诉了Associated Content，试图写作。我找到了写作。我发现写那个网站的文章不适合我。然而，我在那里的经历是积极的，因为我只要把脚趾伸进水里，就能获得更多的学习机会。通过Associated Content，我了解了博客世界。我决定自己学习如何建立一个博客。现在我对写博客很感兴趣，并继续做一名作家。作者使用网站关联内容的目的是什么？成为一名新作家D

A.To write for the site Yahoo! Contributor Network.为雅虎网站写作！贡献者网络

B.To know more about other writers.深入了解其他作家

C.To have one of his articles published.发表他的一篇文章

D.To become a network writer.成为一名网络作家
Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, but realized his father was very old, and thought perhaps he should go to him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make arrangements to see his father, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care things. When he arrived at his father’s house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.When the young man arrived home, he felt _________.许多年过去了，这个年轻人在商业上非常成功。他有一个美丽的家和美好的家庭，但意识到他的父亲已经很老了，他想也许他应该去找他。从毕业那天起，他就没见过他。还没来得及安排见父亲，他就收到了一封电报，告诉他父亲去世了，并将所有财产遗赠给了儿子。他需要马上回家，照顾好一切。当他来到父亲家时，心中突然充满了悲伤和遗憾。当这个年轻人回到家时，他感到很难过。A

A.sad.悲哀的/伤心的/难过的

B.disappointed.失望的

C.horrible.令人恐惧的，可怕的，恐怖的

D.nervous.焦虑的;神经系统的;神经质的;担忧的;
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?在一份关于癌症和黑人的特别报告中，该组织表示，黑人通常比白人晚被诊断出患有癌症，而且他们死于这种疾病的可能性更大。哪一个可能不是美国黑人癌症死亡率较高的原因？早期诊断D

A.Unequal access to medical care.获得医疗服务的机会不平等

B.Greater probability of having other diseases.患其他疾病的可能性更大

C.Differences in the biology of the cancer.癌症生物学的差异

D.Early diagnosis.早期诊断
Today, working less than a 40-hour week, people enjoy more leisure time. Hence, the wise use of leisure time has become an important problem for everyone, young or old. It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged, and those who have retired from earning a living. Those people have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interesting and worthwhile ways to use it.How to spend leisure time wisely is not a particularly difficult problem for people ______.如今，每周工作不到40小时，人们享受着更多的闲暇时间。因此，明智地利用闲暇时间已成为每个人的重要问题，无论老少。对于病人、老年人和已经退休的人来说，这是一个特别困难的问题。那些人有如此多的闲暇时间，以至于他们很难找到有趣和有价值的方式来利用它。对于每天都很忙的人来说，如何明智地度过闲暇时间并不是一个特别困难的问题A

A.who are very busy everyday.他们每天都很忙

B.who are sick in bed.谁卧病在床

C.who are aged and in good health.他们年事已高，身体健康

D.who have retired from work.已经退休的人
The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze(分析) the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect(建筑师) who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. “Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program. “They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected ‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.” An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom _______.孩子们不只是规划任何城市。他们绘制并分析自己所在地区的住房、能源和交通需求，并预测一百年后的需求。在一位每周访问一次教室的建筑师的帮助下，他们发明了新的方法来满足这些需求，并构建了他们的创作模型。“设计未来的建筑给了孩子们很大的自由，”开发这个项目的老师说。“他们能够运用自己丰富的想象力和发明，而不必担心受到指责，因为在未来的环境中，bo会有错误的答案。事实上，当班级进入该项目的最后建模阶段时，一个民选的‘官员’和‘规划小组’会为模范城市做出所有的设计决策，而老师会退一步，成为一名顾问。”一名建筑师每周都会去教室帮助孩子们完成他们的项目D

A.to find out kids’ creative ideas.了解孩子们的创意

B.to discuss with the teacher.与老师讨论

C.to give children lectures.给孩子们讲课

D.to help kids with their program.帮助孩子们完成他们的项目
But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All we’d have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is—remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world. According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh water by _____.但即使每个大城市都净化和再利用水，我们仍然没有足够的水。接下来我们可以在哪里转弯？向海洋致敬！要利用大量的海水，我们所要做的就是去除盐分。这种除盐工艺已经在世界许多地方使用。根据这篇文章，海水可以通过去除盐分变成淡水C

A.heating it up.加热它

B.treating it with chemicals.用化学物质处理它

C.taking salt out of it.把盐从里面拿出来

D.drying it up.把它弄干
Hearing loss, which occurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout one’s lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the world’s number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the "sound solution" is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off(下降), can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier(放大器). According to the passage, hearing loss is _____.听力损失通常发生在青少年之前，会在一个人的一生中持续发展。尽管听力损失现在是世界上头号健康问题，但近90%的听力损失患者选择不治疗。对于数百万人来说，以传统方式治疗听力损失可能需要多次就诊、昂贵的测试和调整以适应你的耳朵。多亏了Crystal Ear，“声音解决方案”现在很方便。Crystal Ears可以极大地帮助近90%的轻度听力损失患者，以及数百万听力略有下降的患者。此外，其超高性能设计节能，因此电池可以持续数月。Crystal Ear现在可以用一个小型听力放大器帮助这些人治疗听力损失。根据文章，听力损失是世界上最常见的健康问题B

A.only a minor health problem.只是一个轻微的健康问题

B.the world’s most common health problem.世界上最常见的健康问题

C.merely a teenage disease.仅仅是一种青少年疾病

D.an incurable disease.无法治愈的疾病
As far as astronomers(天文学家) can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist. Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universe _____.据天文学家所知，整个宇宙都是由同一物质构成的。他们没有理由怀疑物质在宇宙的每个部分都遵循同样的规律。因此，我们有理由猜测，其他恒星和它们自己的行星是以与我们自己的太阳系相同的方式诞生的。我们对地球上生命的了解表明，只要存在适当的条件，生命就会出现。天文学家认为，宇宙不同部分的物质不遵循普通定律C

A.obeys different laws.遵守不同的法律

B.obeys one common law.遵守一条普通法

C.obeys the same laws.遵守同样的法律

D.obeys no common law.不遵守普通法
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _______.你无法改变你的能量循环，但你可以学会让你的生活更好地适应它。克莱特曼博士认为，习惯会有所帮助。也许你晚上很困，但无论如何你都必须熬夜。在一定程度上，通过习惯性地熬夜来对抗你的周期。如果你早上精力不足，但你在一天的早些时候有重要的工作要做，那就在平时的时间之前起床。这不会改变你的周期，但你会振作起来，在低谷时工作得更好。如果一个人想在早上的低谷更有效率地工作，他应该比平时早起C

A.change his energy cycle.

B.overcome his laziness.克服他的懒惰

C.get up earlier than usual.比平时早起

D.go to bed earlier.早点睡觉
On the other hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon; but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth. This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it. A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun. We do not feel the gravitational pull of a packet of butter because ______.另一方面，在月球上，黄油和月球之间会有吸引力；但黄油的重量只有地球上黄油的六分之一左右。这是因为月球比地球小得多。物体产生的重力拉力取决于其中的物质含量。一包黄油的物体产生的引力取决于其中物质的含量。一袋黄油本身也有引力；但与月球、地球或太阳这样大的物体的引力相比，这是非常小的。我们感觉不到一包黄油的引力，因为它的引力很小，我们往往会忽略它B

A.it is too small to have a gravitational pull of its own.它太小了，不能有自己的引力

B.its pull is so small that we tend to ignore it.它的拉力很小，我们往往忽略它

C.its pull disappears in the presence of the earth’s gravitation.在地球引力存在的情况下，它的引力消失了

D.it tends to melt and loses its gravitational pull.它倾向于融化并失去引力
The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. The word “allegiance" is closest in meaning to ______.国家法律机构的另一面是国家军事机构。一个保护个人免受暴力侵害，另一个则为了国家利益不惜以暴力牺牲个人。在战争中，国家对其境内的个人拥有至高无上的权力。战争不仅是解决国家间争端的战斗审判，也是国家向其人民提出最强有力的要求，要求他们做出承诺、效忠和最高牺牲的时刻。效忠 "一词的含义最接近于忠诚A

A.loyalty.忠诚;忠实;忠心耿耿;

B.objective.客观的;客观存在的;基于事实的;

C.survival.生存;存活;幸存;

D.motive.动机;目的;原因
Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a sound, or a grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhymes or nonsense syllables, not unlike primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by rhythms. According to the passage, an adult’s reaction to rhythm in music would probably be _____.文学作品中的节奏是某些写作元素或多或少有规律的出现：一个词、一个短语、一个想法、一个声音或一个语法结构。我们也习惯于音乐中重拍和轻拍的交替出现。我们对节奏的喜爱似乎与生俱来：看看小孩子对活泼音乐的反应就知道了。孩子们喜欢敲打玩具鼓或空盒子。他们跺着脚，吟唱着童谣或无意义的音节，与原始舞者别无二致。随着年龄的增长，人们会教他们重新训练对节奏的反应，但我们对节奏的热爱依然存在。我们生活在节奏中；事实上，我们受节奏支配。根据这段话，一个人对音乐节奏的反应可能是克制的C

A.uninhibited.无拘无束的;纵情的;随心所欲的

B.indifferent.漠不关心的;漠不关心;一般的;不感兴趣;

C.restrained.克制的;有节制的;朴素的;

D.responsible.负责的;有责任;承担责任;
Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relative depression and exhilaration. Intellectually we are also rhythmical, for we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration. It naturally follows then that rhythm, a fundamental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary work—whether poetry or prose. According to the passage, which of the following pairs of activities best illustrates intellectual rhythm?从生理上讲，我们是有节奏的。我们必须有规律地吃饭、睡觉、呼吸和玩耍，才能保持身体健康。在情绪上，我们也是有节奏的，因为心理学家说，我们每个人都会感到相对抑郁和兴奋的交替时期。在智力上，我们也是有节奏的，因为我在集中精力之后会有放松的时候。因此，作为我们生活的一个基本方面，节奏自然也是任何优秀文字作品--无论是诗歌还是散文--的一部分。根据这段文字，下列哪对活动最能体现智力节奏？学习一首诗，然后小睡一会儿B

A.Studying a science book and then studying a psychology book.学习一本科学书，然后学习一本心理学书

B.Learning a poem and then taking a nap.学习一首诗，然后小睡一会儿

C.Playing ball at the beach and then going swimming.在海滩打球，然后去游泳

D.Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem.先解决一道数学题，然后再解决一道化学题
One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid. "He certainly does," replied Jill. After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if I’d ever thought about getting a hearing aid. "No way," I said. "It would make me look 20 years older." "No, no," she replied. "This is entirely different. It’s Crystal Ear!" Initially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because _______.有一天，一位朋友问我的妻子吉尔我是否需要助听器。"吉尔回答说："他当然想要。吉尔在听说了一款出色的新产品后，终于忍不住问我是否想过要买一个助听器。"我说："不可能。"它会让我看起来老二十岁"。"不不，"她回答道。"这完全不同。这是水晶耳！" 起初，作者并不想买助听器，因为这会让他看起来很老A

A.it would make him look old.这会让他看起来很老

B.it would make him nervous.这会让他紧张的

C.it was too expensive.太贵了

D.it was old-styled.这是老式的
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet. According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because ______.限制卡路里摄入可显著延长蠕虫和啮齿动物等不同生物的寿命。这种方法对人类是否有效仍是未知数，部分原因是很少有人愿意接受如此严格的饮食。根据这段话，我们不知道人类是否会从减少热量摄入中获益，部分原因是大多数人不愿意接受严格的节食。B

A.humans, worms and rodents are different.人类、蠕虫和啮齿动物是不同的

B.most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet.大多数人不愿意严格节食

C.the effect is not known.效果尚不清楚

D.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans.组织的遗传变化不能在人类身上进行
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharp hours. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _______.起步要慢，这样可以节省体力。起身时悠闲地打个哈欠，伸个懒腰。坐在床边一分钟，然后再把脚放在地板上。前一天晚上就把衣服铺好，避免寻找干净衣服的麻烦。尽可能在下午做日常工作，把需要更多精力或更集中的工作留到晚上。建议您起身时打个哈欠，伸伸懒腰，因为这有助于保持一天的工作精力A

A.help to keep your energy for the day’s work.帮助你为一天的工作保持精力

B.help you to control your temper early in the day.帮助你在一天的早些时候控制脾气

C.enable you to concentrate on your routine work.使你能够专注于日常工作

D.keep your energy cycle under control all day.全天控制你的能量循环
Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest—birds, trees, flowers budding, etc, and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in. In “All that's needed to become one... (paragraph 2) ”, what does the word “one” stands for ?气候科学家并非无处不在。世界上有这么多地方，却没有足够的科学家来观察所有地方，因此他们请求您帮助观察世界各地的气候变化迹象。公民科学家运动鼓励普通人观察特定的研究兴趣--鸟类、树木、含苞待放的花朵等，并将他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库，供专业科学家观察。这有助于少数科学家追踪大量数据，而这些数据是他们自己永远无法收集到的。就像公民记者帮助大型刊物报道超本地新闻一样，公民科学家为他们生活的环境做好了准备。要成为一名公民科学家，只需要每天或每周花几分钟时间收集数据并发送给他们。"成为一名......（第 2 段）"，"一名 "代表什么？公民科学家B

A.a citizen journalist.公民记者

B.a citizen scientist.公民科学家

C.a scientist.科学家

D.a citizen.公民
Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too. New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise. Walking regularly helps elderly people ______.你认为一直坐着学习就能提高成绩吗？再想想吧。多做运动也会有帮助。对老年人进行的新研究表明，与不运动的人相比，经常散步有助于提高他们的注意力。经常散步有助于老年人更好地集中注意力C

A.lose weight.减肥

B.become happier.变得更快乐

C.concentrate better.更好地集中注意力

D.look younger.看起来更年轻
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function and genetics, in their development and production of the young and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to show that a living thing may have the ability ______.生物的适应方式多种多样。它们可以在结构、功能和遗传学、发育和生产幼体以及其他方面进行适应。生物可以创造自己的环境，就像温血哺乳动物一样，它们能够准确地调整体温，以便在天气变化时保持理想的体温。通常情况下，适应是一种优势，但有时一种生物非常适应特定的环境，如果条件发生变化，它就很难或不可能重新适应新的环境。作者引用了温血哺乳动物的行为，以说明生物可能有能力创造自己的环境A

A.to create an environment of its own.创造一个属于自己的环境

B.to remain still when an enemy is near.当敌人靠近时保持静止

C.to make food from inorganic chemicals.用无机化学物质做食物

D.to change the color of its skin.改变皮肤的颜色
Many researchers，whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels(分贝). They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?许多研究人员的工作依赖于海洋声音，他们反对将分贝限制在 120 分贝。他们说，这样的限制比他们认为的危险更大。他们希望防止噪音伤害海洋中的生物。根据这段话，科学家们将来最有可能做什么？他们将保护动物免受有害噪音的伤害B

A.They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.他们将努力减少海洋噪音污染

B.They will protect animals from harmful noises.他们将保护动物免受有害噪音的伤害

C.They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.他们将试图设定120分贝的限制

D.They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.他们将研究海洋噪音污染的影响
Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass. A piece of lodestone(天然磁石) would be cut into the shape of a ladle(长柄勺). Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would move round until the "handle" of the ladle pointed south while the bulk(主体) of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interestingly shaped device is mentioned in a book from about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade(玉石) finders played an important role in the invention of the "ladle". They travelled great distances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would take a "ladle" with them. When did the Chinese invent the compass?两千年前，中国人就已经发明了可以使用的指南针。一块天然磁石被切割成长柄勺的形状。把长柄勺放在表面光滑的石板上，石块就会移动，直到长柄勺的 "柄 "指向南方，而长柄勺的 "主体 "则被磁性的北方所吸引。大约 80 年前的一本书中提到了这个形状有趣的装置。其他古书可能早在公元四世纪就有记载，玉石发现者在 "杓 "的发明中发挥了重要作用。他们长途跋涉去寻找玉石。为了不迷失方向，他们会随身携带 "杓"。中国人是什么时候发明指南针的？至少 2000 年前D

A.In 1492.1492年

B.In the thirteen century A.D.公元十三世纪

C.In A.D. 80.公元80年

D.At least 2000 years ago.至少2000年前
The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%—the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs(冰山) and glaciers(冰川). Even worse, some of it has been polluted. What percentage of the earth’s water can man actually use at present?世界不仅饥饿，而且渴求水。你可能会觉得奇怪，因为地球表面近 75% 都被水覆盖。但在这巨大的水量中，约 97% 是海水，也就是盐水。人类只能饮用和使用另外的 3%--来自河流、湖泊、地下和其他来源的淡水。我们甚至不能使用所有的淡水，因为有些淡水以冰山和冰川的形式存在。更糟糕的是，有些水已经被污染。目前，人类真正能利用的水占地球总水量的多大比例？D

A.Nearly 75 percent.近75%

B.About 97 percent.大约97%

C.Exactly 3 percent.正好3%

D.Less than 3 percent.低于3%;小于3%
We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. Because we can feel that things are heavy, we think of "weight" as being a fixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. How much would four pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of the earth?我们太习惯于地球表面的生活了，以至于我们的大脑要摆脱所有理所当然的想法，可能要付出相当大的努力。因为我们能感觉到东西很重，所以我们认为 "重量 "是物体的一种固定质量，但其实它根本不固定。如果你把一包一磅重的黄油带到离地球 4 000 英里的地方，它的重量只有四分之一磅。如果把四磅重的茶叶从地球表面取出 4000 英里，它会有多重呢？A

A.1 pound.1磅

B.2 pounds.2磅

C.3 pounds.3磅

D.4 pounds.4磅
Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of California．Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids(类黄酮) that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation．The researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.
Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation?巧克力爱好者的好消息：全世界数百万人喜爱的巧克力对人体有益、研究人员发现，可可的作用类似于阿司匹林，吃一块巧克力还能在体内释放内啡肽：这些化学物质有助于减轻疼痛和压力，让人感觉快乐。
为什么巧克力有益于心脏和血液循环？B

A.It reduces pain and stress．它可以减轻疼痛和压力

B.It contains substances called flavonoids．它含有一种名为类黄酮的物质

C.It releases endorphins in human body．它在人体内释放内啡肽

D.It acts like aspirin to protect heart．它就像阿司匹林一样保护心脏
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belcher's model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very small—so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?理想的电池能在小体积中储存大量能量。目前，贝尔彻的电池模型是一个完全由病毒制造的金属圆盘，看起来就像一块普通的手表电池。但它的内部元件却非常小，小到只有在强大的显微镜下才能看到。
关于第 6 段中提到的贝尔彻的电池，下列哪项是正确的？D

A.It is made of metal．它是由金属制成的

B.It is a kind of watch battery．这是一种手表电池

C.It can only be seen with a microscope．只能用显微镜才能看到

D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．它是一个金属圆盘，里面装有病毒
But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes. Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?但就像你的闹钟一样，你的内部时钟也可以重置。事实上，它每天都会自动重置。怎么重置？通过眼睛获得的光线。科学家们很早就知道，白天的光线和夜晚的黑暗在设置我们的内部时钟方面发挥着重要作用。多年来，研究人员一直认为，使人体时钟同步的信号是通过与我们视觉相同的途径传递的。
根据第四和第五段，以下哪项陈述不是正确的？C

A.Our biological clock resets itself automatically.我们的生物钟会自动重置

B.Light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.光穿过我们的眼睛，重置我们的生物钟

C.Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.我们的内部时钟和闹钟都可以自动重置

D.Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset.我们的内部时钟，就像闹钟一样，可以重置
On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT________.另一方面，更多的人工作时间更长，会加剧就业竞争。这将使年轻人更难找到工作。高级职位将被少数人占据，从而使职业发展更加困难。而且，25 岁的员工与 125 岁的老板沟通起来又谈何容易？除了雇主会用更多的钱来支付员工工资之外，以下所有情况都可能对工作寿命产生影响B

A.Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.雇主和雇员之间的沟通将更加困难

B.More money would be used by employers in payment of their employees.雇主将用更多的钱来支付员工的工资

C.The job market would be more competitive.雇主将用更多的钱来支付员工的工资

D.It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.年轻人晋升到高层职位会更加困难
Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production—namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.
Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph?收入可以是国民收入和个人收入。国民收入是指所有生产要素（即利润、利息、租金、工资和其他劳动报酬）的总收入，而个人收入则是指个人在缴纳个人税之前的货币总收入。国民收入并不等同于国民生产总值，因为生产要素并没有收到资本消费补贴或间接营业税，而这两种税都包含在国民生产总值中。为资本消费预留的资金是用于置换的，因此不计入收入。间接税包括销售税、财产税和消费税，这些税由企业直接向政府缴纳，因此减少了用于支付生产要素的收入。国民收入的四分之三用于支付工资、薪金和其他形式的雇员报酬。
根据该段，以下哪项陈述是正确的？D

A.GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes.国民生产总值等于国民收入加上间接营业税

B.GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.国民生产总值不包括资本消费免税额和间接营业税

C.Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.个人收入是指个人在缴纳税款后收到的总货币收入

D.The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.用于资本消费的钱不被视为收入
It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a. m. one week, 8 am to 4pm the next, and 4 pm to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
In the last sentence of the paragraph, “another” means_____.一个人通常需要五天到一周的时间来适应睡眠和觉醒的颠倒作息，白天睡觉，晚上工作。不幸的是，在工业领域，每周都要换班；一个人可能一周从午夜 12 点工作到上午 8 点，下一周从上午 8 点工作到下午 4 点，第三周从下午 4 点工作到午夜 12 点，依此类推。这就意味着，一个人刚习惯了一种作息时间，就又得换另一种，因此，他的大部分时间既不能有效地工作，也不能有效地睡觉。
在本段最后一句中，"另一种 "指的是另一种作息时间A

A.another routine.另一个例行程序/另一种作息时间

B.another shift.另一个转变

C.another week.另一周

D.another person.另一个人
Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason: sun! In the paragraph, cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam are mentioned _____.北欧人愿意花很多钱、忍受很多不便来享受阳光，因为他们的阳光太少了。由于白天太短，伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹等城市的居民冬天大部分时间都在黑暗中度过，而一年中其余大部分时间都在雨中度过。这就是地中海一直吸引他们的原因。每年夏天，超过 2500 万人前往地中海度假胜地和海滩度假。他们都是为了同一个原因而来：阳光！本段中提到伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹等城市，说明这些城市的地理和气候条件并不好。A

A.to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate.说明它们在地理和气候方面都不是好城市

B.to tell us how wealthy their residents are.告诉我们他们的居民有多富有

C.to suggest that these cities lack places of historic interest and scenic beauty.暗示这些城市缺乏历史名胜和风景名胜

D.to prove that they have got more tourism than they can handle.证明他们有更多的旅游业可以应付
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area．A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
All the followings are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT _________.这个人是谁？他是怎么死的？对于这些问题，每个人都有不同的答案。有些人认为这是本世纪的人，也许是死于第一次世界大战的士兵的尸体，因为在这个地区已经发现了几具士兵的尸体。一位瑞士妇女认为这可能是她的父亲，他二十年前就死在了这些山里，尸体一直没有找到。
除了他来自意大利之外，以下都是曾经对冰人做出的假设D

A.he was a soldier in World War I.他是第一次世界大战中的一名士兵

B.he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father.他是一个瑞士女人失散多年的父亲

C.he was born about a thousand years ago.he was born about a thousand years ago

D.he came from Italy.他来自意大利
And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel, they never used it. Neither did they use metals other than copper. What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned(抛弃) many of the cities and built new ones in the jungle. Some time around AD900, Mayan civilization collapsed. By the year 1200, their last great capital, Chichen Itza, was deserted.
One of the most surprising findings about Mayas was that ______.然而，尽管玛雅人知道车轮，他们却从未使用过它。他们也没有使用铜以外的金属。更令人惊讶的是，他们突然抛弃了许多城市，在丛林中建造了新的城市。公元 900 年左右，玛雅文明崩溃了。到公元 1200 年，玛雅人最后的大都城奇琴伊察（Chichen Itza）已经荒废。
关于玛雅人最令人惊讶的发现之一是，他们抛弃了自己的城市，搬到了新的城市。C

A.they developed accurate system measuring time.他们开发了精确的时间测量系统

B.they knew how to build pyramids with stones.他们知道如何用石头建造金字塔

C.they deserted their cities and moved to new ones.他们抛弃了自己的城市，搬到了新的城市

D.they built cities which they never lived in.他们建造了他们从未居住过的城市
For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, home of some of London's biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.
What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions?在英国，任何一项任务所需的人员都多于所需的人数。强大的工会将他们留住。在伦敦最大的几家日报社所在地舰队街，人们都知道，当两个工会为三个工作岗位发生争执时，每个工会可以得到两个工作岗位来解决争执。这意味着超员 33%，生产率降低 33%。
当英国工会之间就工作机会发生争执时，会发生什么呢？
雇用的人数将超过所需的人数。C

A.Thirty three percent of the workers will be out of work.33%的工人将失业

B.More jobs will be created by the union.工会将创造更多的就业机会

C.More people will be employed than necessary.就业人数将超过所需人数/雇用的人数将超过所需的人数

D.The unions will try to increase productivity.工会将努力提高生产率
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.
Which country is the largest coffee producer?从南美洲传到旧大陆的食物还有很多。但也有一些食物是反其道而行之。巴西现在是世界上最大的咖啡种植国，咖啡也是哥伦比亚和其他南美国家的重要作物。但咖啡原产于非洲的埃塞俄比亚。1400 年，阿拉伯人首次将咖啡制成饮料。哪个国家是最大的咖啡生产国？巴西。A

A.Brazil.巴西

B.Colombia.哥伦比亚

C.Ethiopia.埃塞俄比亚

D.Egypt.埃及
The system has several advantages. Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep, which tends to disturb the mother sheep that are about to give birth. Instead, they can stay inside, watching by remote control. If there is no problem, they stay away from the sheep. But when they are needed they can quickly go out to help, or to scare away foxes. The experiment is popular 'with shepherds because it means that they do not have to spend all their time outdoors waiting for the lambs to arrive in freezing weather.
From the passage, we learn that walking among the sheep ______.该系统有几个优点。牧羊人不必在羊群中走来走去，这往往会打扰即将分娩的母羊。相反，他们可以待在屋里，通过遥控器监视。如果没有问题，他们就远离羊群。但当需要它们的时候，它们可以迅速出去帮忙，或者吓跑狐狸。这个实验很受牧羊人的欢迎，因为这意味着他们不必在寒冷的天气里一直在户外等待羊羔的到来。
从这段话中，我们可以了解到，在羊群中行走通常会打扰即将分娩的母羊。D

A.is more popular with shepherds than watching TV inside.比在里面看电视更受牧羊人的欢迎

B.can help the mother sheep to give birth to more lambs.可以帮助母羊生更多的小羊

C.is the best way to protect the sheep.是保护绵羊的最好方法

D.usually disturbs the mother sheep that will give birth.通常会打扰即将分娩的母羊
In 1841, a book was published which astonished the world. It was called “Incidents of Travel in Central America，Chiapas and Yucatan”. The author John Loud Stephens had just returned from a long, difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rain forest of southern Mexico and Guatemala. He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood, an architect and artist, to search for the remains of a lost civilization known as the Mayas(玛雅). Very little was known about the Mayas at that time, but Catherwood’s drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples, pyramids and other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbors, the Aztecs. These cities, however, were deserted. The inhabitants(居民) had disappeared almost a thousand years before.
Stephen’s book astonished the world because ______.1841 年，一本震惊世界的书出版了。这本书的名字叫《中美洲、恰帕斯和尤卡坦旅行记》。作者约翰-劳德-斯蒂芬斯（John Loud Stephens）刚从墨西哥南部和危地马拉茂密的热带雨林中完成一次漫长、艰难和危险的旅行归来。他曾与建筑师兼艺术家弗雷德里克-卡瑟伍德一起到那里寻找失落的玛雅文明遗迹。当时，人们对玛雅人知之甚少，但卡瑟伍德在书中描绘的城市令人难以置信，其庙宇、金字塔和其他建筑与北方邻居阿兹台克人的城市一样令人印象深刻。然而，这些城市都已荒废。居民已经消失了近千年。
斯蒂芬的书震惊了世界，因为它描述了玛雅人曾经是一个先进的文明D

A.it was the first time people heard about Mayas.这是人们第一次听说玛雅人

B.the Mayas were excellent builders and farmers.玛雅人是优秀的建筑工人和农民

C.he had experienced so many difficulties to find this lost civilization.为了找到这个失落的文明，他经历了很多困难

D.it described that the Mayas used to be an advanced civilization.它描述了玛雅人曾经是一个先进的文明

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