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山东大学科技文献阅读期末考复习 个人速成向
Unit 20 References
Types
in-text references
end references
Citation styles
APA style
MLA style
IEEE style
Unit 19 Acknowledgements
Feature
Polite
Brief
Specific
Unit 18 Conclusion
Feature
restatement of the research question and thesis statement
summary of the main points in the article
discussion of the significance of the reasearch
presentation of the future of the subject
Types
Thesis-oriented conclusion
A.introductory statement
B.Consolidation of the reaserch space
C.Recommendations
Field-oriented conclusion
Unit 17 Discussion
Feature
from the specific to general
the same point view as that in the Introduction section
There are facts as well as opinions or comments in this section
Moves
Reviewing the present study
Consolidating the results
1.Reporting the results
2. Explaning the meaning of the findings and why they are important
3. Relating the results to those of similar studies
4. Providing alternative explanations for the results
Stating limitations and possible future research directions
Unit 16 Results
Feature
Be objective
Be logical
Be concise
Use non-verbal language
Use mixed tenses
Moves
Providing preparatory information
Describing the data in figures and tables
Reporting the results based on the data
Unit 15 Methods
This section includes
- materials
- instuments
- subjects
- procedures
- data collection
- data analysis
Types
- based on purpose:
basic research
applied rasearch - besed on methods:
non-experimental research
experimental research - based on orignality:
primary research
secondary research
Unit 14 Introduction
Moves
Establishing a territory:significance generalizations
Reviewing previous related research
Establishing a niche:indication of a gap,research questions
Occupying a niche:purpose,structure,pricipal purpose
Unit 13 Abstract
Five parts
- background
- problems
- methods
- results
- conclusion
Types
informative abstracts:summatizes the key information from every major section
indicative abstracts
structured abstracts
graphical abstracts
Unit12 Title and author affiliation
Title is characterized by
- using more nouns or noun phrases,or gerunds
- being brief and concise
- being specific
- using more compounds
Types
A.Declarative titles:states the main findings or conclusions
B.Descriptive titles
C.Interrogative titles(疑问的)
D.Compound titles
Author affiliation
带星号的是通讯作者
Unit 11 Standards
Provide requirements,specifications,guidelines,characteristics
Ensure materials,products,posesses and services are safe,reliable and consistent.
Types
Scope:
International standards
Regional standards
National standards
Professional standards
Institutional standards
Content:
Basic standards
Manufacturing standards
Standards of methods
Unit 10 Government publications
Types
- administrative type
conference records,judical documents,treaties,resolutions,rules and regulations. - scientific type
policies of science,research reports,popular science materials,technical policy documents
International government publications
UN publications
OECD publications
American government publications(不好记)
GPO publications
GPO monthly catalog
NTIS publications
Unit 9 Product specifications
Feature
Genuine
Scientific
Logical
Pratical
Types
industrial product specifications
agricultural product specifications
finicial product specifications
insurance product specifications
工农财保
Unit 8 Patents
专利保护-20年
提交专利申请:a request,a description,claims,drawings,summary
最重要:claims
Types
Inventions
Utilities models
Designs
Copyright
通常是作者死后50-100年
如果合著 那么就是最后一个作者死后70年
如果是匿名的 min(第一次发表后95年,第一次创造后120年)
Unit 7 Science news
Types
science news stories
science newsltters
science feature stories
science news commerntaries
世界前十科技新闻 每年一月中旬发布
Unit 6 Techical reports
Types
content
研究发现报告
技术信息报告
技术具体报告
技术评价报告
技术建议报告
操作说明
指导报告
Progress
开始的报告
进行报告
期中报告
最终报告
Scope
绝密
机密
秘密
限制级
不可发表
已解密
4 series of technical reports in America
AD
PB
NASA
DOE
Unit 5 Graduation papers
Types
bachelor’s degree
master’s degree
the graduation of doctorate
Differences between master and doctoral
博士毕业论文要求是全新的,没研究过的
Differences between a graduation paper and a journal article
- 目的
- 长度
- 摘要
- 方法
- 参考文献
- 细节
- 评审
- 作者数量
Unit 4 Conference documents
Types of conference documents
会议前
会议中
会议后
Types of academic conferences
Conference(formal meeting)
Forum(public meeting involving audience discussion)
Lecture(long talk)
Panel(in front of an audience)
Seminar(give and discuss information on a particular topic)
Symposium(讨论会)(several specialists deliever short addresses on a topic or on related topics)
Workshop(brief educational program)
Unit 3 Monographs(专著)
Scholarly monographs
- 得是phD等的学位或者隶属某个科学研究机构
- 书由大学出版社、学术社团或者其他学术机构印刷
- 书的文献目录在最后列出了在研究中所有的文献
Feature
Academicality
Creativity
Authoritativeness
Comprehensiveness
Systematiceness
Beyond time and space
学术性 创造性 权威性 综合性 系统性 超越时间和空间
Difference between academic articles and monographs
- 长度
- 结构
- 内容
Unit 2 Journals
Types
original research articles
review articles
perspective,opinion or commerntary articles
book reviews
Journal metrics
- IF or JIF
- Eigenfactor(特征因子)
- AIS
- SJR
- h-index(关于作者的)
- SNIP
- CiteScore
- Immediacy index(立即索引)
- Total Cites
- Cited Half-Life(引用半衰期)
- JIF
Idetification code
- DOI
- IDS number
- ISSN 8位 ISBN 2017.1.1前10位 后13位
Citaion Index
SCI
EI
ISTP
A&HCI
SSCI
JCR
Unit 1 Inroduction of scientific literature
- Regardless of the specific area of science,the subjects of scientific literature include science itself,or the ideas,facts,laws and categories discovered by scientists.
- According to the form,scientific literature can be roughly classified into:
- journals
- monographs(专著)
- conference documents
- graduation papers
- technical reports
- science news
- patents
- product specifications
- government publications
- standards
- According to the processing depth,scientific literature can be classified into:
- primary literature
- secondary literature
- tertiary literature
- Primary literature includes the original scientific materials published for the first time such as the papers that present novel scientific research,conference documents,patents,technical reports ,and standards .
- Secondary literature summarizes and synthesizes the primary literature,which includes review articles and books.
- Tertiary literature might consist of textbooks,encyclopedias(百科全书),and similar works intended for broad public consumption.
- scientific literature presents some liguistic features in terms of style,morphology(形态学) and syntax.
- Stylistic features:
A. formality
B. conciseness
C. directness
D. objectively
E.use of non-verbal language
- Morphologically,scientific literature is featured by use of technical and scientific jargon(专业术语),nominalization(名义的) and heding(回避).
- TSJ can be divided into two categories:general TSJ (can be used in different fields with different meangings)and specific TSJ(the words that are usually restricted to the given fields).The former has a much larger number than the latter.
ps.MOOC:山东大学科技文献期中测试慕课复习
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