人机交互（HCI）的主要发展总结：过去、现在和未来（原创）

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Key developments in human-computer interaction: Past, present and future

Bai Ziming   2020.8.28 

Introduction

The development of human-computer interaction (HCI) has enabled us to understand and express information with computer better. The importance of HCI embodies in various aspects: from the individuals perspective, it can help people to use the machine more easily; from a commercial point of view, it can improve internet products to benefit companies; from the perspective of technology development, HCI can promote the development of various technologies, including software, hardware, and even neuroscience. In the early stages of this field, it focused on ergonomics to improve the adaptability between human and machine (Harrison et al., 2007). Later, the main concepts of HCI transferred to the cognitive psychology (Harrison et al., 2007), and companies focused on achieving high usability (Hartson, 1998). Today, the field has focused on the phenomenological understanding of user experience (Sampson, 2019) by intelligent technology. HCI can be defined as a cross-disciplinary for researching the cooperation between computers and users in decision-making and control of complex situations, which including ergonomics, cognitive psychology and so on. This essay aims to review past of HCI and analyse the research status and future trend of this field, by summarising and evaluating key developments of this field in critically way. Firstly, I will describe some original theories and models of HCI. Secondly, a review and evaluation of recent developments in HCI will be demonstrated. Afterwards, I will consider the future direction of this field including some potential techniques, such as the gesture recognition technology and neuroscience approach. Finally, I will summarise these theories and analyses in my conclusion to emphasis the continuous impact of HCI.

Historical background

In history, HCI shifted from ergonomics to a cross-disciplinary guided by cognitive science (Harrison et al., 2007), and finally expanded to experiential quality of interaction. These three development transitions are regarded as the three paradigms of HCI.

In the beginning, HCI was a branch of ergonomics, its studies were limited to the actual interface, which refers to the equipment or system that can input or output information. Ergonomics can be defined as a subject that studies the reasonable relationship among human, machinery and environment, so as to ensure people to work safely, healthily and comfort

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