2018年TED演讲稿Lydia

2024-07-27 作者:

TED演讲者：Lydia Machová | 莉迪亚 · 麦芙娃演讲标题：The secrets of learning a new language | 学习一门新语言的秘密内容概要：Want to learn a new language but feel daunted or unsure where to begin? You don'tneed some special talent or a "language gene," says Lydia Machová. In an upbeat, inspiring talk,she reveals the secrets of polyglots (people who speak multiple languages) and shares fourprinciples to help unlock your own hidden language talent -- and have fun while doing it.你是否曾想要学习一门新的语言，但是却感到恐慌，或是无从下手？你并不需要特殊的天赋或是“语言基因”，莉迪亚 · 麦芙娃说道。在这场有趣的、发人深省的演讲中，她揭示了多语言者（能够说多种语言的人）的秘密，并且分享了能够解锁你隐藏的语言天赋的四大准则——以及如何享受学习的过程。锡育软件我喜欢学外语。[00:13]I love learning foreign fact, I love it so much that I like to learn a new language实际上,这种痴迷让我 每两年就想学一门新的外语,现在我正在学第八门外语。[00:16]every two years, currently working on my eighth people find that out about me, they always ask me,当人们得知此事后,总是问我, “你怎么做到的？你的秘诀是什么？”[00:22]"How do you do that? What's your secret?"And to be honest, for many years, my answer would be, "I说实话,这么多年来, 我的回答总是, “我不知道啊。我只是喜欢学语言。”[00:27]don't know. I simply love learning languages."但是人们从来都不会对 这个回答感到满意。But people were never happy with that answer.[00:33]They wanted to know why they are spending years trying to他们想知道为何他们花了多年 试着学习哪怕只有learn even one language, never achieving fluency, and here I一门语言, 却从未达到流利的程度, 而我却能够学了一门再学一门。[00:35]come, learning one language after another.他们想知道多语言者, 即说多种语言的人的秘密。They wanted to know the secret of polyglots, people who[00:44]speak a lot of languages.我也对此感到好奇, 其他的多语言者到底是怎么做And that made me wonder, too, how do actually other的？[00:49]polyglots do it?我们有什么共同点吗？[00:52]What do we have in common?And what is it that enables us to learn languages so much是什么让我们 较之他人能够更快的学习语言？[00:54]faster than other people?我决定见见其他像我一样的人, 并试着找寻背后的I decided to meet other people like me and find that out.答案。[00:59]fluency: n.流畅,流利The best place to meet a lot of polyglots is an event where能够遇到很多多语言者的最佳地点 是聚集了数百hundreds of language lovers meet in one place to practice名多语言者的地方, 他们在那里进行练习。[01:03]their are several such

polyglot events organized all around世界各地有许多类似的多语言者活动, 所以我决定去看看, 打听一下他们各自使用的方法。[01:10]the world, and so I decided to go there and ask polyglotsabout the methods that they use.我遇到了来自爱尔兰的本尼, 他告诉我他用的方法And so I met

Benny from Ireland, who told me that his是 从第一天就开始说出口。[01:19]method is to start speaking from day learns a few phrases from a travel

phrasebook and goes他从一本旅游指南上学了一些词组, 然后就去见母to meet native speakers and starts having conversations with语者, 立马和他们展开对话。[01:26]them

right doesn't mind making even 200 mistakes a day, because他不介意一天犯 200 个错误, 因为这就是他 基于反馈的学习方式。[01:33]that's how he learns, based on the feedback.最棒的一点是, 如今他甚至不需要出游, 因为你只And the best thing is, he doesn't even need to travel a lottoday, because you can easily have conversations with native需要呆在惬意的房间中, 就能在网络上和母语者进行交谈。[01:39]speakers from the comfort of your living room, usingwebsites.我还遇到了来自巴西的卢卡斯, 他学习俄语的方法I also met Lucas from

Brazil who had a really interesting很有意思。[01:48]method to learn ot: n.通晓数种语言的人;用通晓数种语言记载的书/adj.通数国语言,数国语言的

Benny: n.安非他命药片(用作兴奋剂)；外套；笨蛋 phrasebook: n.常用语手册,短语手册 right away: 立刻 Brazil: n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家)他就在 Skype 上随机添加了 上百个说俄语的人,He simply added a hundred random Russian speakers onSkype as friends, and then he opened a chat window with然后打开其中一个人的聊天框, 用俄语写下“嗨”。[01:53]one of them and wrote "Hi" in Russian.然后对方回复,“嗨,你好吗？”[02:04]And the person replied, "Hi, how are you?"Lucas copied this and put it into a text window with another卢卡斯了复制这段话, 再把它发给另一个人, 然后person, and the person replied, "I'm fine, thank you, and how另一个人回复, “我很好,谢谢,你怎么样？”[02:07]are you?"Lucas copied this back to the first person, and in this way, he卢卡斯又把这段话复制发给第一个人, 这样,他就让两个陌生人 在完全不知情的情况下 展开了交谈。Lucas copied this back to the first person, and in this way, he两个陌生人 在完全不知情的情况下 展开了交谈。had two strangers have a conversation with each other[02:15]without knowing about it.(Laughter) And soon he would start

typing himself, because（笑声） 过不了多久,他就可以自己打字了, 因为he had so many of these conversations that he figured out他看了那么多的对话, 已经知道俄语的交流 大概是怎么开始的了。[02:23]how the Russian conversation usually starts.很聪明的办法,是吧？[02:31]What an

ingenious method, right?此外,我还遇到了总是从 模仿声音开始学习语言的And then I met polyglots who always start by imitatingsounds of the language, and others who always learn the 500多语言者, 从学习 500 个最常用词 开始的多语言most frequent words of the language, and yet others who者, 以及总是从学习语法开始的多语言者。[02:34]always start by reading about the : n.网络电话(一个网络语音沟通工具)

typing: n.打字;键入/v.打字;按类型把…归类(type的现在分词)

ingenious: adj.有独创性的；机灵的，精制的；心灵手巧的

imitating: n.模仿,效法;冒充/v.模仿(imitate的现在分词);仿效If I asked a hundred different polyglots, I heard a hundred如果我去询问一百个多语言者, 我会听到关于学习语言方式的 一百种不同的答案。[02:47]different

approaches to learning languages.每个人似乎都对学习语言 有着独门秘笈, 但是我们Everybody seems to have a unique way they learn alanguage, and yet we all come to the same result of speaking最终都能 流利的说多种语言。[02:53]several languages

as I was listening to these polyglots telling me about当我倾听着这些多语言者 讲述他们学习语言方法their methods, it suddenly

dawned on me: the one thing we的时候, 我突然意识到: 我们有一个共同点, 那就是all have in common is that we simply found ways to enjoy the我们找到了享受 学习语言这一过程的方法。[03:01]language-learning of these polyglots were talking about language learning所有这些多语言者 在谈论语言学习的时候, 都表现得像那是一种趣事。[03:17]as if it was great should have seen their faces when they were showing me你们应该看看当他们 向我展示他们多彩的语法表,their colorful grammar charts and their carefully

handmade专心制作的语言卡片, 他们语言学习软件上的统计量, 甚至他们是如何爱上用外文菜谱 烧菜时,脸上flash cards, and their

statistics about learning vocabularyusing apps, or even how they love to cook based on

recipes自豪的神情。[03:21]in a foreign of them use different methods, but they always make sure每个人都用着不同的方法, 但是他们做到了 让这件事情变成一种享受。[03:36]it's something that they personally ches: 处理

fluently: adv.流利地;通畅地

dawned: n. 天亮了/v. 破晓(dawn的过去分词)

handmade: adj.手工的;手制的

statistics: n.统计;统计学;[统计]统计资料

recipes: 食谱/方法I realized that this is actually how I learn languages myself.我意识到,这实际上也是 我学习语言的方式。[03:42]When I was learning

Spanish, I was bored with the text in the当我学习西班牙语时, 我对书本上的文章没什么兴趣。[03:45]textbook.我想说,谁想学胡赛 是怎么问去火车站的路的啊。I mean, who wants to read about Jose asking about the对吧？[03:49]directions to the train station. Right?I wanted to read "Harry

Potter" instead, because that was my相反,我想读《哈利·波特》, 因为这是我孩童时期最喜欢的书, 而且我已经阅读了很多遍。[03:54]favorite book as a child, and I have read it many I got the Spanish translation of "Harry Potter" and started所以我买了本西语版的 《哈利·波特》开始阅读,毫无疑问,最开始我几乎什么都看不懂, 但是我坚持reading, and sure enough, I didn't understand almostanything

at the beginning, but I kept on reading because I读了下来, 因为我喜欢这本书, 直到读完此书,我基本可以 不费力的跟上故事情节。[04:00]loved the book, and by the end of the book, I was able tofollow it almost without any the same thing happened when I was learning German.I decided to watch "Friends," my favorite

sitcom, in German,and again, at the beginning it was all just

gibberish.I didn't know where one word finished and another onestarted, but I kept on watching every day because it's"Friends."同样的事情也发生在我学德语的时候。[04:14]我决定看我最喜欢的电视剧 《老友记》的德语版本, 同样的,最开始我基本上听不懂。[04:16]我不知道一个单词在何处结束, 另一个单词在何处开始, 但是我坚持每天观看, 因为这是《老友记》。[04:23]Spanish: adj.西班牙的；西班牙语的；西班牙人的/n.西班牙语；西班牙人

Potter: n.陶艺家,制陶工人/vt.闲混,虚度/vi.闲逛;慢条斯理地做事 at the beginning: 首先;从一开始;起初;从头开始 sitcom: abbr.情景喜剧(situationcomedy) gibberish: n.乱语;快速而不清楚的言语我可以看不同的语言版本。 我太喜欢这部剧了。I can watch it in any language. I love it so much.[04:29]And after the second or third season, seriously, the dialogue在看完两季或三季之后, 说真的,我能渐渐听明白对话了。[04:31]started to make sense.在我遇到了其他多语言者之后, 我才明白这一点。I only realized this after meeting other polyglots.[04:36]我们不是天才, 我们也没有学习语言的捷径。We are no

geniuses and we have no

shortcut to learning[04:39] simply found ways how to enjoy the process, how to turn我们只是找到了 享受这一过程的方式, 以及如何将语言学习从 一项枯燥的学校课程 转变为一项你不We simply found ways how to enjoy the process, how to turn语言学习从 一项枯燥的学校课程 转变为一项你不language learning from a boring school subject into a介意 每天都做的有趣活动。[04:44]pleasant activity which you don't mind doing every day.如果你不喜欢在纸上写单词, 那你可以在软件里面If you don't like writing words down

on paper, you can打单词。[04:55]always type them in an you don't like listening to boring textbook material, find如果你不喜欢听无聊的课程材料, 你总是可以在YouTube 上或 播客里找到任何一种语言的有趣内interesting content on YouTube or in

podcasts for any容。[04:59] you're a more

introverted person and you can't imagine如果你是个内向的人, 不愿意马上就和母语者交谈,speaking to native speakers right away, you can apply the你总可以和自己练习对话。[05:06]method of sense: 有意义;讲得通;言之有理

geniuses: 天才;天赋(genius的复数)

shortcut: n.捷径;被切短的东西

on paper: 以书面形式;在名义上

podcasts: n.播客(podcast的复数形式)

introverted: adj.内向的/v.使...内向(introvert的过去分词形式);使内翻你可以在自己的房间里, 对自己说话, 描述你的周You can talk to yourself in the comfort of your room,describing your plans for the weekend, how your day has末计划, 一天过得怎么样, 甚至是从你的手机里 随been, or even take a random picture from your phone and便选一张照片, 然后把它描述给你想象中的朋友。[05:13]describe the picture to your

imaginary is how polyglots learn languages, and the best news is,这就是多语言者学习语言的方式, 而好消息是,这种方法对每个 想要自主学习语言的人 来说,都是可行it's available to anyone who is willing to take the learning的。[05:24]into their own 锡育软件So meeting other polyglots helped me realize that it is really所以,遇到其他的 多语言者让我意识到 在学习语言的过程中, 找到乐趣是十分重要的, 但是仅凭兴趣crucial to find

enjoyment

in the process of learning是不够的。[05:34]languages, but also that joy in itself is not you want to achieve fluency in a foreign language, you'll如果你想要流利的说一门外语, 还需要遵守三大准则。[05:45]also need to apply three more principles.首先,你需要找到有效的方法。[05:51]First of all, you'll need effective you try to memorize a list of words for a test tomorrow, the如果你正为明天的考试复习, 要去试着记住一系列words will be stored in your

short-term memory and you'll单词, 这些单词只会被储存在 你的短期记忆里, 而你过几天就会忘得一干二净。[05:54]forget them after a few bing: v.描述;表示(describe的ing形式)/adj.描述的

imaginary: adj.虚构的，假想的；想像的；虚数的

crucial: adj.重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的

enjoyment: n.享受;乐趣;享有

in the process of: 在…的过程中

First of all: adv.首先short-term: adj.短期的If you, however, want to keep words long term, you need

to相反,如果你想长期记住单词, 就需要隔几天就复习revise them

in the course of a few days repeatedly using the一下, 用所谓的间隔重复法。[06:03]so-called space repetition.你可以试试基于这种方法 设计的软件,譬如 AnkiYou can use apps which are based on this system such asAnki or Memrise, or you can write lists of word in a notebook或 Memrise, 或是在笔记本上用“黄金列表”法using the Goldlist method, which is also very popular with写下一系列单词, 这也在许多多语言者之间十分流行。[06:11]many you're not sure which methods are effective and what is如果你不确定什么方法是有效的, 以及现在有些什么方法, 那么就去看看多语言者的 YouTube 和主available out there, just check out polyglots' YouTube页, 你可以从那里获得灵感。[06:21]channels and websites and get inspiration from it works for them, it will most probably work for you too.如果这些方法对他们适用, 那么可能也对你适用。[06:30]你需要遵守的第三个原则 就是制定一套自己的学The third principle to follow is to create a system in your习体系。[06:34]learning.如今我们都很忙,没有人真正 有时间去学习一门语We're all very busy and no one really has time to learn a言。[06:39]language today.但是如果我们事前计划一下, 就能挤出那个时间。But we can create that time if we just plan a bit ahead.[06:43]Can you wake up 15 minutes earlier than you normally do?你可以比平时早起15分钟吗？[06:47]That would be the perfect time to revise some vocabulary.这段时间可以用来复习一些单词。[06:51]to revise: 改编,修改;复习

in the course of: 在…过程中;在…期间

so-called: adj.所谓的；号称的你可以在开车去上班时 听一段博客吗？[06:54]Can you listen to a podcast on your way to work whiledriving?Well, that would be great to get some listening experience.这可以算是很不错的听力练习。[06:58]There are so many things we can do without even planning甚至不需要提前规划时间, 我们也可以做很多事情,that extra time, such as listening to podcasts on our way to比如在上班的路上或是做家务时, 我们可以听听播客。[07:01]work or doing our household

chores.重要的是,制定一个学习计划。[07:09]The important thing is to create a plan in the learning.'"I will practice speaking every Tuesday and Thursday with a“我要在每周二和每周四和朋友 练习20分钟口语。[07:12]friend for 20 minutes.吃早饭时,我要 听一段 YouTube 视频。”[07:17]I will listen to a YouTube video while having breakfast."如果你建立了自己的学习体系, 就不需要挤出额外If you create a system in your learning, you don't need to的时间, 因为这已经成为 你每日生活的一部分了。find that extra time, because it will become a part of your[07:21]everyday finally, if you want to learn a language fluently, you need最后,如果你想要 流利掌握一门语言, 还需要一点耐心。[07:29]also a bit of 's not possible to learn a language within two months, but一个人不可能在两个月之内 就掌握一门语言, 但是it's definitely possible to make a visible improvement in two如果你以自己喜欢的方式 每天学习一点点的话, 在months, if you learn in small

chunks every day

in a way that两个月之内肯定可以 取得显着的进步。[07:36]you : n.杂务;零工;困难的工作(chore的复数) Tuesday: n.星期二 Thursday: n.星期四 chunks: n.大块,矮胖的人或物(chunk的复数形式) in a way: 在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动And there is nothing that

motivates us more than our own没有比我们自己的成功更能 激励我们的了。[07:46]success.I

vividly remember the moment when I understood the first我清晰的记得,当我第一次 看懂德语版《老友记》里面的笑话时的情形。[07:50]joke in German when watching "Friends."I was so happy and

motivated that I just kept on watching我十分开心,备受鼓舞, 又忍不住多看了两集。 随着我不断观看,[07:57]that day two more episodes, and as I kept watching,I had more and more of those moments of understanding,我能看懂的片段越来越多, 这些小小的成就 积少成these little

victories, and

step by step, I got to a level where I多,使我可以自由熟练的 使用这个语言去表达任何事物。[08:03]could use the language freely and fluently to expressanything.这种感觉太棒了。[08:14]This is a wonderful feeling.这种感觉总是让我意犹未尽, 就成了我每两年 就学I can't get enough of that feeling, and that's why I learn a习一门语言的原因。[08:16]language every two years.这也是所有多语言者的秘密。[08:21]So this is the whole polyglot effective methods which you can use

systematically over找到你可以在一段时间内 系统使用的有效方法, 而the period of some time in a way which you enjoy, and this is且你还很享受这个过程, 这就是多语言者在数月而非 数年内就能学会语言的秘诀。[08:23]how polyglots learn languages within months, not tes: v.促使;刺激;给与动机(motivate的三单形式)

vividly: adv.生动地;强烈地

motivated: adj.有动机的;有积极性的/v.使产生动机;激发…的积极性(motivate的过去式和过去分词)

victories: 胜利/精神胜利

step by step: adv.逐步地systematically: adv.有系统地;有组织地Now, some of you may be thinking, "That's all very nice to你们中的有些人可能会想, “享受语言学习固然美enjoy language learning, but isn't the real secret that you好, 但是真正的秘密 难道不是你们多语言者 天生就比我们 更擅长学习语言吗？”[08:34]polyglots are just super talented and most of us aren't?"Well, there's one thing I haven't told you about Benny and先别急,关于本尼和卢卡斯, 有件事我还没说。[08:45] had 11 years of Irish

Gaelic and five years of German本尼在学校时学习了 11 年的 爱尔兰盖德尔语和 5年的德语。[08:48]at school.而当他毕业时,却还完全不会用。[08:54]He couldn't speak them at all when to the age of 21, he thought he didn't have the language直到 21 岁,他都认为 自己没有语言天分, 也学不会其他的语言。[08:58]gene and he could not speak another he started to look for his way of learning languages,然后他开始找寻适合 自己的语言学习方式, 那就是which was speaking to native speakers and getting feedback和母语者交谈, 并从他们那里得到反馈, 而今天本from them, and today Benny can easily have a conversation尼可以毫不费力的 用 10 种语言进行交流。[09:04]in 10 languages.卢卡斯在学校学了 10 年的英语。[09:16]Lucas tried to learn English at school for 10 years.他是课堂上最差的学生之一。[09:20]He was one of the worst students in class.他的朋友们甚至取笑他, 给了他一本俄语教材,想看His friends even made fun of him and gave him a Russian他笑话, 因为他们认为他永远也不可能 学会俄语,textbook as a joke because they thought he would never或是任何一门外言。[09:22]learn that language, or any then Lucas started to experiment with methods, looking然后卢卡斯开始试验其他方法, 寻找适合自己的学for his own way to learn, for example, by having Skype chat习方式, 比如,用 Skype 和陌生人聊天。[09:30]conversations with : n.盖尔语/adj.盖尔人的And after just 10 years, Lucas is able to speak 11 that sound like a miracle?Well, I see such miracles every single day.仅仅 10 年后, 卢卡斯已经可以流利的说 11 种语言。[09:40]这听起来是不是很神奇？[09:46]如果是这样,那么 我每天都会看到类似的奇迹。[09:49]作为一名语言教师, 我帮助人们自学语言, 我每天As a language mentor, I help people learn languages by都能看到奇迹发生。[09:52]themselves, and I see this every struggle with language learning for five, 10, even 20有些人 5 年、10 年甚至 20 年 都在语言学习中挣扎, 然后他们突然就能够将学习 掌握在自己的手People struggle with language learning for five, 10, even 20years, and then they suddenly take their learning into their扎, 然后他们突然就能够将学习 掌握在自己的手中, 开始使用他们感兴趣的材料, 更加有效的方法,own hands, start using materials which they enjoy, moreeffective methods, or they start tracking their learning so that或是开始记录自己的学习进度, 这样他们才能肯定自己的进步。 就在这段时间, 他们突然神奇般的找they can appreciate their own progress, and that's whensuddenly they

magically find the language talent that they到了 自以为一直欠缺的语言才能。[09:57]were missing all their if you've also tried to learn a language and you gave up,如果你也曾试着学习一门语言, 然后你因为它太难了,或是 觉得自己没有语言天赋而放弃了, 再试试thinking it's too difficult or you don't have the language吧。[10:21]talent, give it another try.或许你离熟练的说一门语言 只差一种合适的, 让你Maybe you're also just one

enjoyable method away from乐在其中的方法。[10:29]learning that language fluently.也许你离成为一名多语言者, 只差那一种方法。Maybe you're just one method away from becoming a[10:34]: n.指导者,良师益友/vt.指导

magically: adv.用魔法地;如魔法般地

enjoyable: adj.快乐的;令人愉快的谢谢。[10:38]Thank you.（掌声）[10:39](Applause)**************************************************************************************************

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