第一章╲t翻译中词义的选择、引申和褒贬

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2023年12月18日发(作者：)

第二部分 英汉互译常用方法和技巧

第一章 词义的选择、引申和褒贬

导入材料

情学生翻译以下的短语和句子，并讨论英语和汉语的词义是否对等？翻译时是否可以简单地凭词语的释义选择对应的词语。

1） 做人

误译：do person

正译：be a man

2） The child was in his birthday suit and ran about the yard.

误译：那个孩子穿着生日服装在院子里到处跑。

正译：那个孩子光着身子在院子里到处跑。

解析：“in his birthday suit”是一种戏谑的说法，意为“光着身子”。

3） His father is forty something.

误译：他父亲有40件事缠身。

正译：他父亲40多岁。

解析：基数词＋something表示“××多……”，“××几……”。上例适用于表示年龄，下例用来表示时刻和金额。

e.g. Annie didn’t catch the six something train.

David spent fifty something on a new pair of glasses.

4） Every tom, Dick and Harry danced in the hall then.

误译：当时，汤姆，迪克和哈里三人都在大厅里跳舞。

正译：当时，人人都在大厅里跳舞。

解析：在英美国家，Tom, Dick 和Harry等人名是很普通的，就像中国的“张三，李四，王五”那样，因此，every Tom, Dick and Harry (口语)意为“人人”，

“一般人”，“不管张三李四什么人”等。

5） This car is in repair.

误译：这辆车在修理中。

正译：这辆车情况良好。

解析：in repair 意为“完好”，“修好”，“情况良好”。“This car is under repair.”才表示“这辆车在维修中”。

翻译，意味着将一种语言所表达的意思用另外一种语言忠实地表达出来。然而，任何两种语言都不可能有完全对应的词汇以及其他表意系统，所以我们在翻译的时候，一定要仔细地分析词汇的真正含义，力求翻译的准确，而不是简单地逐词死译。

6） 它有两大优点。

误译：It has two big fine dots.

正译：There are two strengths about it.

一、词义的选择( diction/ choice of words)

英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义现象。一词多类是说一个词往往属于多个词类，具有几个不同的意义。一词多义是说同一个词在同一词类中，往往有几个不同的词义。在翻译的过程中，在弄清原句的结构后要善于选择和确定原句中关键词的词义：

1.

根据词在句子中的词类选择和确定词义。

2.

根据上下文及词在句中的搭配关系选择词义。

1)

发货 deliver goods

2)

发传单 distribute

3)

发言 speak at a meeting

4)

发光发热 emit light and heat

5)

发电 generate electricity

以上各句中，“发”均作为动词，但是在英译时，要根据它在句中的实际意义，选择不同的词汇。

又如：

1) What did you have for breakfast?

译：你今天早饭吃了什么？

2) I bought this dictionary for five dollars.

译：我用五块钱买了这本字典。

3) I am all for it.

译：我完全赞成。

再看一下，下面的一组句子：

1) I haven't had my holiday photos developed yet.

译：我还没洗假期的照片。

2) She's developed some very strange habits

译：她最近养成了一些怪习惯。

3) This exercise is designed to develop the shoulder and back muscles.

译：这个练习是为锻炼肩部和背部肌肉而设计的。

又如:

1) He is the last man to come.

译：他是最后来的。

2) He is the last man to do it.

译：他绝不会干那件事。

3) He is the last person for such a job.

译：他最不配干这个工作。

课堂练习题

翻译下列的句子

1） For all your explanations, I understand no better than before.

译：尽管你做了解释，我还是不懂。

2) It looks as if we are in for a big storm.

译：看来我们一定会碰上一场暴风雪。

3) Now that you are in for it, you must carry on.

译：既然你已经做了，就得做下去。

4) The fear is that these minor clashes may develop into all-out confrontation.

译：担忧的是这些小的冲突会发展成全面对抗。

5) Large cracks began to develop in the wall.

译：墙上出现了一些大的裂纹。

6) We must develop a new strategy to deal with the problem.

译：我们必须找出解决问题的策略。

7) He should be the last (last) man to blame.

译：怎么也不该怪他。

8) He is the last man to consult.

译：根本不要找他商量。

9) This is the last place where I expected to meet you.

译：我怎么也没有料到会在这个地方见到你。

课后练习题

1. 试分析下列短语中，斜体字的具体词义，他们在翻译成英语时，该如何翻译。

打电话 make a phone call

打仗 fight a battle

打麻将 play mah jong

打冷战 shiver

打文件 type the document

打瞌睡 nod

打太极拳 practice taiqiquan

打响指 snap one’s fingers

打喷嚏 sneeze

打毛衣 knit a sweater

开门 open a door

开车 drive a car

2．根据上下文的联系以及词的搭配关系确定斜体部分在句中意义，并翻译句子．

1） To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her.

译：脱鞋与穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已经是多年以来的痛苦了。

2） An area the size of the Hornet’s flight deck was marked off on an air trip and they

practiced taking off time after from restricted space.

译：在机场上标出了与大黄蜂号加班一样大小的一块地方，他们一次又一次的练习从这一块有限的面积上起飞。

3） He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working as though about to take

开飞机 pilot a plane/ fly a plane

开会 hold a meeting

开工 go into operation

开绿灯 give free rein to

开玩笑 make a joke

开灯 turn on a light

开夜车 burn the midnight oil

开关 switch

开机器 operate a machine

开花 blossom

开业 start a business

off.

译：他工作的时候，总是坐在椅子上，好像随时都会跳起身来的样子。

4） Their first major design was a pleated denim jean with external pockets dubbed ‘baggies’

that took off in high schools and colleges and soon was imitated by other apparel manufacturers.

译：他们的头一项重要设计师一种打褶的、缝上明袋的蓝色斜纹粗布裤，这种裤子人们称为“袋子”，在中学和大学中首先流行，接着别的服装商也都很快仿制起来。

3. 试分析下列短语中，斜体字的具体词义，他们在翻译成汉语时，该如何翻译。

1) I haven't seen the film, so don't spoil it for me by telling me what happens.

译： 我还没看那电影呢，不要告诉我内容破坏我的兴致。

2) The dessert will spoil if you don't keep it in the fridge.

译：这甜点，如果不放在冰箱里会坏的。

3) Since she supported none of the candidates, she spoiled her ballot paper.

译：由于她谁也不支持，所以她毁了她的选票。

4) When I'm feeling miserable I go shopping and spoil myself - a couple of new dresses

always make me feel better.

译：我心情不好的时候就去逛街，放纵一下－－ 几件新衣服就可以让我心情好起来。

5） Mr. Harvey, unable for once to do exactly as he wanted, sulked just like a spoilt child.

译：因为不能做自己想做的事情，汉维先生像孩子般的生闷气。

3．翻译中原语词汇确定基础上的目的语词汇的选择

A. 通过对词义的正确理解，尽量避免在翻译中的词汇的机械对应。

例如： 英语水平：English proficiency

生活水平：living standard

游泳水平：swimming skill.

1) 他的游泳水平还很高。

误译：His swimming level is very high.

正译：He has become quite good at swimming.

2) 他的英语水平比我高。

误译：The level of his English is higher than that of mine.

正译：He knows more English than I.

又如“关心”一词的英译：

1) 关心人民生活

误译：to be concerned about the living of the people

正译：to care about the well-being of the people.

2) 关心局势发展

误译：be concerned about the development if the situation.

正译：to follow the development closely.

3) 共同关心的问题

误译：issues of common concern

正译：issues of mutual interest

B. 词语选择中应当注意的几个方面

从第一章中已经谈到过，英汉语言、文化的差异，在词汇的理解、选择与翻译中也应当注意到英语汉语的差异。

请看下面的例句：

1) 注意身体

误译：Notice your body.

正译：Pay attention to your health.

评析：虽然没有语法错误，但不符合英语的表达习惯，显得有些失礼。 因为body一词在英余种含义有多种，其中还有“遗体”之意。

2) 我一点也不敢放松自己。

误译：I daren’t loosen myself.

正译：I daren’t relax my efforts.

评析：这里的意思是丝毫不敢怠慢。如果英语翻译为loosen, 那么表示的是松开某东西。

3) 他去广场北边的公共厕所了。

误译：He went to the common toilet/ public toilet to the north side of the square.

正译：He went to the toilet to the north side of the square.

评析：英语中没有common toilet 或者public toilet 这种表达方法。用toilet就足够了。或使用men’s, ladies’.

4) 精神文明

误译：spiritual civilization

正译：ethical and culture progress

评析：“精神文明”这一词，广义上涵盖了思想道德、文化科学、体育卫生、哲学理论、民主法制等上层建筑的东西，狭义上主要指伦理道德。“精神文明”曾经被翻译为spiritual

civilization,在外国人的心目中此种说法含有宗教色彩。现在已经根据不同的场合、文体等不同的预警因素，译成ethical and culture progress以及ideological and cultural advancement 等

其他词语。例如：建设社会主义物质文明和精神文明 to build a socialist society with both high

material standards and high ethical and cultural standards 或者to build socialist civilization with

a high cultural level and moral standards/ 精神文明单位 a model unit in moral standards/ 搞精神文明 to promote ethical progress/ 文明礼貌月 the virtues and ethics month/ 讲文明礼貌 to

behave civilly/ 文明经商to conduct ourselves honorably in commercial transactions

从以上的各例中，可以了解到由于文化的差异，在翻译时，要注意目的语的相应表达方式与源于表达方式的差异。特别是在翻译某些有“中国特色”或 “外国特色”的表达时，尤其要注意， 如：

分配不公 误译：unequal distribution 正译: unfair distribution

压力大的工作 误译：stressful job 正译: demanding job

宣传 误译：propaganda 正译：publicity

个体经济 误译：individual economy 正译：the family business

精神力量 误译：spiritual force 正译：moral force

5) This is a most interesting book.

误译：这是一本最有趣的书。

正译：这是一本非常有趣的书。

评析：在一般情况下，在形容词和副词前的most是最高级的标志，但在most 前加不定冠词a 表示“十分、非常”， 又如：an most beautiful girl一个非常漂亮的女孩; a most

dangerous place 一个非常危险的地方。

上面的例句中，都牵涉到了冠词的用法，冠词是现代英语、汉语语法、词汇差异的一个重要表现，因而译者应当尤其注意。一字之差，往往会造成整个意思的改变。如：

in trade

at a crossroads

in front of the car

in office

in word

a red and a white flower

in the trade

at the crossroads

in the front of the car

in the office

in a word

a red and white flower

另外，值得引起注意的是英语或汉语独有的一些语法、词汇或句型在英汉互译中都应当引起译者足够的重视。

C. 段落翻译实例

段落翻译中会涉及到各种翻译技巧，选词也尤其重要。下面是与选词技巧相关的段落翻译实例。

例如：

他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一种境界：自我安定。

面对别人得成功与荣耀，我喝我的清茶，我明白那掌声已有所属，匆匆忙忙赶过去，不会有成功等着你，还是自己在创业绩吧，跟着别人永远只能摸着成功的尾巴。

…

自我安定可不是找一个安静的所在，而恰恰是在紊乱的环境中保持安定的心境。“定”是一种境界，是居于多变之中的不动摇，只有达到这一境界才能掌握自己的方向，才能做到“他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。”

译：

Human life, it seems to me, needs a placidity of mind. While others may be wining and

dining. I’m content with plain tea.

Not dazzled by other people’s aura of success and glamour. I’ll indulge in my simple

pleasure. Clearly aware where the credit goes, I won’t join in the rush in the vain hope of

accepting the prize to be handed me on a plate. The best a blind follower can do is tailing after

winners. The only alternative is to create wonders of one’s own.

…

Enjoying the tranquility of mind does not mean hiding oneself in a haven. What is meant is

the maintenance of such a mental state in the midst of chaos, i.e. moral immovability amidst

kaleidoscopic changes. Only a person has attained this plane can be a real master of his destiny,

contenting himself with the purest and simplest pleasure.

解析：第一段共两句。按照英语这种文体的表达模式，翻译时应把钱粮据顺序颠倒一下，是译文符合英文的习惯，第一句为总提，第二句为具体解释。

按外研社《汉英词典》（修订版），“花酒”的译文为：“a dinner party with singsong girls

in attendance”但译文太长，词意也不切合，不应照搬。比较接近的词是wine and dine。这个动词短语往往指在大饭店吃喝宴请。(Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary,1987.)外研社《汉英词典》（修订版）为“ 清茶”提供两条译文：green tea, tea served without refreshment.但原文中并不强调和哪一种茶叶，也不讲究喝茶时是否吃点心。而是与低级的追逐名利的心态，腐朽的吃喝文化针锋相对，干预清贫，乐于清高。“清”字译作plain较适合。 作形容词时可表示“朴素的”，“简朴的”等意思。如plain water, plain living.所以，“清茶”译作plain

tea.

在第二段中，作者很可能在暗指新时期的常见现象：一些人先富了起来，生活明显得变得阔绰，有一批人便“一窝蜂”盲目地跟着上。作者认为应该继续“喝清茶”，从而点明了“清茶”和“花酒”的含义。“dazzled by…”描写那些看到别人“成功”，“荣耀”后头昏目眩随即尾随的可怜虫的神态。“清茶”在此处不应再译为“plain tea”, 应该译作“simple

pleasure”。因为中国的文人雅士认为喝茶是一种简朴的乐趣。

课堂练习题

翻译下面的句子。

1)要发奋图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平。

译：We must work had to raise to a new height the military and political quality of our army.

2) 各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。

译：Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.

3) 我们关心中国是否能保持持续发展。

译：We would like to know whether China will be able to achieve a sustainable development.

4）领导人对两国关系非常关心。

译：Our leaders have taken interest in the development of our bilateral relati

5）He took the chair at the board of the directors.

译：在公司的董事会上他担任主席。

评析：take the chair 是一个固定词组，是“担任主席”的意思，如果表示“入座”要用take a chair,两者的意思完全不同。

6）A fluent speaker never lacks a word but an accurate speaker never lacks the word.

译：一个讲话流利的人从不会缺少词汇，但讲话精确的人从不缺少恰当的词汇。

评析：这里的a word与the word不作“一个词”、“那个词”解，前者泛指“词汇”，后者特指某些词汇。

7）We have 365 days in a year.

译：一年有365天。

评析：本句的we 不能译作“我们”， 因为在正式语体中，we 还表示“人类”。 如：Do we have the right to destroy the world in which we live? 本句按汉语的习惯译为“一年有365天”。

课后练习题

1. 下面句子的翻译是否正确，如果不正确，请找出错在在那里，并改正。（注意斜体部分的意思。）

1) In his first year in office, he has given all men and creeds, no matter how

preposterous, a respectful hearing.

误译：在办公室的第一年，他对所有的人，所有的主张，不管这些人多么荒唐，这些主张多么荒谬，他都洗耳恭听。

正译：在他任职的第一年，他对所有的人，所有的主张，不管这些人多么荒唐，这些主张多么荒谬，他都洗耳恭听。

评析：in the office 表示“在办公室”，但这里是in office, 是一个固定词组，意思是人质、执政。同样的情况还有go to church & go to the church; go to hospital & go to the hospital; at sea

& at the sea等等。

2) There is always some water in the air around you. You cannot see for it is in the form

of water vapor.

你周围的空气中常有水分。你看不见它,因为它是以水汽的形式存在的。

2. 翻译下面的段落

一个小伙子暗恋着一个女孩。女孩是他的同事，他们在一个办公室的工作。

小伙子性格内向，不善言辞，他不知道如何向女孩子表达他的爱慕之意。写情书吧，小

伙子是学理工的，一直搞技术工作，满脑子的图形，就是没有一句有文采的话。小城也没有鲜花店，电影电视里常说的那一套无从说起。至于直截了当地告诉女孩子说“我爱你”，小伙子就更没有那胆量了。

译文：

One young man was secretly in love with a girl, one of his fellow office workers.

Being a man of few words and not good at expressing his feelings, he did not know how to

unbosom himself of his love for her. He had thought of writing love letters to her, but he had been

a student of technology and was now working as a technician. He could not for the life of him dig

out one beautiful from a mind, which was stocked full with diagrams and graphs. Presenting

flowers, as is often seen and over TV and in films, was out of the question, there being no flower

shop in this small town. As to a face-to-face confession of love, he absolutely had not the guts to

do so.

解析：“…他的同事，他们在一个办公室工作。”这部分的翻译不宜这样：“…colleagues, working

in the same office.” 宜译作：“…one of his fellow-office workers.”第二段“小伙子性格内向…”在本段中表示的是“话不多”，不应该用词性太重的词，而且，原文也较口语化，所以选用“a man of few words.”“不善言辞”不是指外交家不善谈判，政客不善演讲，老师不善讲课，而是讲小伙子不善于向姑娘诉说爱情。“not good at speaking”或“not good at making speeches”不太妥当。建议译作：“not good at expressing his feelings”。

“表达他的爱慕之意”译作“express his love for her”似乎过于平淡。我们用“unbosom

himself of his love to her.”“学理工的”在此处，译作“technology”就够了，不必照搬词典中的“science and technology”.如：麻省理工学院：Massachusetts Institute of Technology.“满脑子的图形”中的“图形”，应该指的是理工科的图形（因为小伙子是搞理工科的），所以应该选用diagrams和graphs。Diagrams常指显示机器工作原理的图，graphs常指数字升降，比较等的曲线图。“直截了当地告诉女孩子说‘我爱你’”中的“直截了当”不宜译作“straightforward, blunt, point-blank”这三个词常用来指表达意见提出批评时“不拐弯抹角”这里建议选用 a face-to-face confession of love。

二、词义的引申

英汉互译时，有时会遇到某些词，在辞典上找不到适当的词义，如照样硬搬，逐字死译，会是以文生硬晦涩，不能确切的表达原意。这时，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的基本意思出发，进一步引申词义，选择比较恰当的目的语词汇来表达。看下面的例句：

ａ．将词义作抽象化的引申

1) There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape is his nature.

译：他的本性及残暴又狡猾。

2) Every life has its roses and thorns.

译：每个人的生活都有甜有苦。

3) 半夜听到狼嚎，他感到毛骨悚然。

译：He was horror-stricken when he heard the cries of the wolves at midnight.

又如某些词组：

make fish of one and flesh of another 厚此薄彼

lick somebody’s boots 巴结

stick to one’s last 安分守己

keep something under one’s hat 保密

be in one’s pocket 被某人操纵

put one’s cards on the table 表明观点

eat like a bird 吃得极少

break the ice 打破僵局

be driven from pillar to post 被逼得走投无路

turn thumb down on something 反对

谦虚态度 modesty

发展过程 development

稳定性 stability

灵敏度 sensibility

无知的表现 ignorance

鸡毛蒜皮 trifling

顺手牵羊 walk off with something

b. 将词义作具体的引申

所谓具体译法，就是把原文中比较抽象的词语、词组、成语或句子，用意义比较具体的词语、词组、成语或句子翻译出来。

1) He was a tough proposition.

译：他是一个难以应付的家伙。

2) We Zanzibar would like to build a coloured society where all men can have

equal opportunity.

译：我们桑给巴尔人员已建立一个有不同种族构成、机会均等的社会。

6）你不要过早乐观。

译：Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.

c. 通过对词典的释义进行引申。

1) The rest of the day was anti-climactic.

译：高潮过去了，这一天与下来的事就是尾声了。

注：句中，原文的意思是“这一天一下来的时间是反高潮的。”句义令人费解，译者巧妙地把翻译成“尾声”，并用“高潮”、“尾声”前后对衬，含义立时明朗。

2）He swallowed his rising anger.

译：他竭力按下升起的怒火。

3）Those who feel it is okay to tell white lies soon go colour-blind.

译：认为说小谎无害的人，很快会变得不辨大笑。

d. 段落翻译示范

One of the things we have to understand about Japanese society is its gender structure, a

structure similar to what the United States had in 1950s. Women do all the domestic labour. Men

are in the factories and shops and they are working long hours, but they don’t do much work when

they come home. They don’t take care of children, they don’t do housework, cooking, etc.. In the

U.S., they are both men and women in the work force and both men and women at home. Japanese

workers may work longer in the marketplace, but you have to calculate the total amount of work

that people do to figure out how hard people are working and how much leisure time they have.

误译：我们必须了解日本社会的一个特点，那就是它的性别结构，类似美国50年代的结构。妇女包揽所有的家务劳动，男人到工厂、商店上班，工作时间很长，但回到家里就干不了多少活了。他们不管看孩子，不做家务，不做饭，等等。在美国有很多男人和女人都在劳动大军之列，也有都在家里的。日本工人可能在市场里工作的时间较长，但我们在估计人们工作的辛苦称度以及它们有多少闲暇时间时，必须把整个工作量都算进去。

解析：仔细对照原文，不难发现译文的问题所在（斜体划线部分）。“在美国有很多男人和女人都在劳动大军之列，也有都在家里的”属于误译，给人“夫妻双双失业”的误解。另外，“日本工人可能在市场里工作的时间较长”，给人误解，让人觉得“所有日本男人都在市场里工作”。本段的主旨是美、日性别结构的区别，日本是男人工作，女人管家务，而美国是男女都工作，也都管家务。作者在谈到男女社会分工时运用了两组词语：

（1）

in factories and shops

in the work force

in the marketplace

（2）

do domestic labour

take care of children

do housework, cooking, etc..

at home

一旦上下文联系起来，词义就明了了：第一组词与“上班”有关，按这一思路marketplace,也就不是“市场”，而应引申为“工作地点”（即上下文所说的工厂、商店等）。

第二组与“做家务”有关，于是，at home便不是“在家里”，而应该引申为“做家务”。这样，该部分可以改译为：“在美国，男女都参加工作，也都从事家务劳动。”另外，最后一句的较好的译法为“日本工人可能在工作单位的劳动强度和闲暇时间多少时，必须把全部劳动都算在内。”

课堂练习题

翻译下列句子

2） John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.

译：约翰为人可靠，它既忠诚又老实。

注：英国伊丽莎白女王时代，耶稣教徒为了表示对政府的忠诚，拒绝罗马天主教在星期五吃鱼的习俗，因此“不吃鱼”表示“忠诚”的意思。

2) 是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？

译：That’s business of their own, between wife and husband. Why should you get

involved in it?

3) 这消息让我出了一身冷汗。

译：I was extremely terrified by the news.

4) No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work.

译：对她在工作中表现的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。

5) Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition.

译：她的冷漠态度把许多参观者挡在展览馆门外。

6) 他每天要处理很多棘手的问题。

译：He has many hot potatoes to handle every day.

7) Calculation never made a hero.

译：举棋不定永远成不了英雄。

8) You ought to consider the ifs now and then. Thinking about it sometimes prepares

you for when.

译：要经常考虑“假若”。有时，考虑“假若”就为“一旦”作了准备。

9) Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

译：教育的目的使用虚心代替无知。

课后练习题

1．通过引申词义的方法，翻译下列的句子．

1) She sailed into the room.

译：她仪态万方地走进了房间。

2) We must keep our powder dry.

译：我们要时刻提高警惕。

3) The battlefield became something holy. It was not touched.

译：这战场几乎已经成为一个圣地了。他依然保持着当年的旧观。

4) The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing.

译：对于大多数去北京的外国访客，万里长城是必不可少的参观旅游项目。

5) The engine has given a consistently good performance.

译：这台发动机一直工作很好。

6) Heat from the sun comes to us by radiation.

译：太阳通过辐射给我们热量。

2. 翻译下列短语。

1) walk on air 洋洋得意

2) get the green light 得到许可

3) mend one’s fences 改善关系

4) poke one’s nose into 干涉

5) jump out of one’s skin 大吃一惊

6) 残暴的行为 brutality

7) 同情心理 sympathy

8) 单枪匹马 all by oneself

9) 黔驴技穷 at one’s wit’s end

10) 狗急跳墙 do something desperate

3. 翻译以下段落

The ability to do several things at once has become one of the great measures of self-worth

stfor 21 century Americans. It’s called multitasking, and it takes many forms.

At one example, why go out to lunch when you can eat at your desk, talk (or at least

half-listen) to a client on the phone, scroll through your e-mail, and scan a memo simultaneously?

And why simply work out on treadmill when you could be watching television and talking

on a portable phone at the same time?

译文：同时做几件事情的能力已经成为21世纪美国人衡量自我价值的重要尺度之一。这叫做一心多用，其表现形式五花八门。

举个例子，当你可以一边在办公桌前用餐，一边和客户通电话（哪怕不是全心全意地听），查阅电子邮件，浏览备忘录时，干吗还要到外面去吃饭呢？

还有，既然你可以在看电视的同时用移动电话通话，干吗要一个心眼地做单调的工作呢？

三、词义的褒贬

英汉词汇都有褒贬之分。有些词有其两面性，他们有贬义，但有时也可能不带贬义，

是中性词；有褒义，有时也可能不带褒义。在翻译的过程中，为了忠实于原文，必须正确理解原作者的立场与观点，然后使用合适的感情色彩，选择于原文一致的褒义、中性或是贬义词汇来表达。

例如：

1) Her husband was a brave pilot during the Second World War.

译：她的丈夫是二战期间一位勇敢的飞行员。

2) The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.

译：那个莽撞的司机在这次车祸中丧生。

3) These boys are old enough to be self-respecting.

译：这些男孩大了，应该有自尊心了。

4) She is quite unpopular among her colleagues fore she is so egotistic.

译：她在同事中吃不开，因为她太自私自利了。

5) Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.

译：很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一。

6) Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.

译：他虽然年轻，但是在研究工作中很有雄心壮志。

7) 这位女演员在舞会上真是仪态万方。

译：The film star appeared in all her glory at the ball.

8) 这个政客在那场辩论中真实丑态百出。

译：The politician acted like a buffoon during that debate.

9) 张将军真是足智多谋啊！

译：General Zhang is really wise and resourceful!

10) 那个敌军参谋长可是诡计多端的呀！

译：The enemy chief of staff has a whole bag of tricks.

11) 她父亲是个有名的外科医生。

译：Her father is a famous surgeon.

12) 黄金荣在旧上海是有名的大流氓。

译：Huang Jinrong was a notorious rogue in Shanghai in the old times.

还有一些常见的词，即有褒义和中性义，又有贬义。这样的词汇，在决定词义和进行翻译时，尤其要注意。例如：

funny: 褒义

a. a funny story 滑稽的故事

b. a funny writer 风趣的作家

c. He is being funny. 她在逗乐

中性

a. There is something funny about the matter. 事情有点蹊跷。

b. A funny black hat 古怪的黑帽子

贬义

a. You’ll be sorry if you try anything funny in class. 你要是在课堂上玩什么鬼花样，肯定要后悔的。

b. She is a bit funny sometimes. 他有时候疯疯癫癫的。

c. Don’t get funny with your boss. 不得对老板放肆！

由于：褒义

a. thanks to…

b. by virtue of…

中性

a. owing to …

b. due to…

c. because of…

d. as a result of…

e. in view of…

贬义

in consequence of…

又如下面的短文：

丑妻

S君有妻，丑。为此颇感自豪，常于有靓妻之友面前夸口：丑妻是宝，见了恶心，不见省心，出门放心，免得有第三者插足。友听毕，掩口笑道：君言差矣，常言道：以为最安全的却是最危险，岂不闻情人眼里出西施吗？S君听毕，顿悟，叹道：听君一席话，胜读十年书，差一点大意失荆州！

译文：

The Advantages of Having A Plain Wife

Mr. S had an unprepossessing wife, of who he was very proud, so much so that to his

friend who has a beautiful wife, he often raved his spouse like this: “A plain wife is an

absolute treasure, unpleasant to look at, but out of mind and out of sight and free from

suspicion when the husband is away from home. And there is no fear of ‘another man’.”

On hearing this, his friend couldn’t help a smile and the following comment, “Forgive

me, sir, for pointing out that you are wrong there. As the saying goes, the greatest danger

resides in the false sense of security. Haven’t you heard of love being blind?”

Suddenly and thoroughly enlightened by his friend’s kind warning, Mr. S sighed with

feeling, “How true it is that one can learn more from the talk of a wise person than from ten

years’ reading! Otherwise I may lose her through oversight.”

解析：本文翻译的重点是抓住汉语“意合”地特点，整体把握S君地心态，

“丑妻”照字面意思译作An ugly wife, 不能算错，但是英美人一般不会这样直接地说人丑，ugly 带有贬义。这里宜用委婉语，如：unprepossessing 或者homely等。

另外，题目在翻译时应当添补，因为全文讲的不是“丑妻”，而是拥有丑妻的感受。所以建议译作The Advantage of Having A Plain Wife.

第一句话中“妻”出现了三次，不宜来回使用同一个词wife,所以译文中用spouse做了替换。“夸口”不宜译作brag或boast,而译作rave, 不及物动词， 表示“（高烧病人）呓语”或“（神经病似地）赞颂”，用rave about比brag about更传神。

“不见省心”。按《现代汉语词典》，“省心”是“不操心”，有的汉英词典把“省心”译作save worry,如果此处没有语境，这是一种不错的选择。在文中我们可以选择英语的谚语（out of sight, out of mind），这样译：…but (she is) out mind (the moment she is)out of

sight.

“出门放心”这句话应这样理解：S君出差在外时，S君可以放心，其老婆不会乱搞婚外情。建议用be free from suspicion, 表示无可怀疑的，如主语是已婚女性，则表示“道德正派，忠于丈夫的”。“第三者插足”中的“第三者”不宜译作“the third party”（谈判，争端中的第三方）。

“掩口笑道”不必按字面翻译，因为这是一篇为了增加汉语的传统风味，故意使用半文不白文风的幽默小品，翻译时应该吃透精神。用符合英语文化的习惯语言表达。译作：On hearing this, his friend couldn’t help a smile…

“君言差矣”这句话很有礼貌，十分文气，翻译时尽量传达这一特点，所以建议译作：forgive me, sir, for pointing out that you are wrong there.

“…以为最安全的却是最危险…”这句不宜这样译：what is the safest is the most

dangerous 或the safest place is the most dangerous。这样的译文现场嫌长嫌罗嗦，而且原文也并不是指地点的安全与否，而是指一种心态，所以我们建议译作：the greatest danger

resides in the false sense of security. The false sense of security表示“虚假的安全感”，用在此处是恰当的。

“情人眼里出西施。”的意思是“自己所钟情的女子，即使长相平常，也感到和西施一样美。”简而言之，指的是男性对女性的盲目的钟爱。而汉英字典上提供了不同的译法，如，Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder 或gazer，适应范围较宽，也可指人对物，对儿女盲目的爱。建议译作：Haven’t you heard of love being blind?

“听君一席话，胜读十年书”吴光华提供的译文是：I profit more from one consultation

with you than from ten years of reading. 陈欣望在《汉英语林》中提供的译文是：To listen

to your lecture is really better than to study for ten years.但是在语境中，翻译必须与上下文连贯，随意建议译作：How true it is that one can learn more from the talk of a wise person

than from ten years of reading!

“大意失荆州”用以指麻痹大意的恶果。S君的顿悟，只能理解为“S君”今后要提防。所以我们译作：otherwise I may lose her through oversight。

课堂练习题

1）The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents’ advice.

译：这个犟男孩不肯听父母的忠告。

2）The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.

译：侵略者遭到了当地人民的顽强抵抗。

3）All the inventors have a restless mind.

译：所有发明家都有一个探索不止的头脑。

4）She is fidgety and restless.

译：她生性急躁好动。

5）The old couple made a persistent effort to search for their daughter lost in the war.

译：这对老夫妇执著地寻找它们在战争中对市的女儿。

6）She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.

译：她被没完没了的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。

7）他们忠心耿耿地报销自己的祖国与人民。

译：They serve their motherland and people with loyalty and devotion.

8）这些死心塌地的纳粹分子为他们的第三帝国效命。

译：These die-hard Nazis went all out to serve their Third Reich.

9）这位导演别具匠心，在剧中安排了一场演员走到观众当中的戏。

译：The director showed his ingenuity by arranging a scene in which the actors went into the

audience of the play.

10）这家伙老是别出心裁，招摇撞骗。

译：The guy is always trying to be different so as to swindle and bluff.

课后练习题

翻译下列的句子

1) John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.

译：约翰是个积极肯干的推销员，他工作干得很出色。

2) Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized the power.

译：希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略政策。

3) Hans was obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man

he had ever seen.

译：汉斯说，这位先生是他见过得最有胆识的人。这种阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。

4) Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.

译：布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸。

5) 没想到他们的封建思想是那样的顽固不化。

译：I did not expect that their feudal ideas would be so incorrigibly obstinate.

6) 几个月在林雪生活，既锻炼了他们的机智英勇， 又锻炼了他们坚忍不拔的毅力。

译：Several months in the snowy forest have forged their cleverness and courage and given

them a firm and indomitable will.

7) 由于党的农业政策，我国千千万万农名走上了致富的道路。

译：Thanks to the policies of the Communist Party of China on agriculture, millions of

peasants in China are getting rich.

8) 由于两次世界大战的爆发，各国任命蒙受了极大的灾难。

译：People of all countries have suffered great calamities in consequence of the two World

Wars.

9) 诗人应该具有丰富的想象力。

译：A poet should have rich imagination.

10) 真遗憾，你的想象力太丰富了。

译：What a pity! You’ve got into wild flights of fancy.

四、常用词的选择

选词是一项非常复杂的工作，它牵涉极广。由于篇章限制，本节通过常用词的选择误译以及正确译法范例来进行讲述。

例如：

1) 我们应该促使音乐、语言和教学的结合。

误译：We should promote the combination of music, language and mathematics.

正译：We should integrate of music, language and mathematics.

评析：Integrate: to make into a whole by bring all parts together, to unify. 与Promote the

combination意思相近，但更简洁、地道。

2) 我感谢陆登庭校长的邀请，使我有机会在这美好的金秋时节，来到美国你们这座古老而又现代的学府。

误译：I wish to thank President Rudenstine, for inviting me to this ancient yet modernized

institution of the United States in this golden fall.

正译：I wish to thank President Rudenstine for inviting me to this old yet modernized

institution of the United States in this golden fall.

评析：对于大学来说，old显然比ancient更合适

3）近年来，城市出现了大龄未婚女青年群。

误译：In recent years, groups of old unmarried girls have made their appearance in cities.

正译：In recent years, groups of elder unmarried girls have made their appearance in cities.

评析：大龄，表示“年长的”，并非“年老的”或“老龄的”。

4) 这个研究所属于科学院。

误译：The institute is belonged to the Academy of Science.

正译：The institute is attached to the Academy of Science.

评析：belong 有“属于”的含义，但是它是不及物动词，不用于被动语态。表示“附

属”用attach更为常见。

5) 如果发生创伤， 最重要的是预防感染。

误译：If an injury should happen, it is then very important to prevent infection.

正译：If an injury should occur, it is then very important to prevent infection.

评析：injury（伤）, pain（痛）, disease（病）的发生常常用occur, develop, 或result, 不用happen. Happen多指发生事故。

6) 雅典被举为下一届奥运会的会址。

误译：Athens was chosen as the site for the coming Olympic Games.

正译：Athens was selected as the site for the coming Olympic Games.

评析：select有“精选”的意思，而choose也表示“选择”，但不强调经过周密考虑后的选择。

7) 在晚会上，邀请一位外国老师为我们唱几首民歌。

误译：At the party a foreign teacher was required to sing some folk songs for us.

正译：At the party a foreign teacher was requested to sing some folk songs for us.

评析：require 是“要求、命令”， 指提出要求的人有权要求对方做某事。Request 是“请求”，比ask正式。

8) 第二次世界大战时中国和美国结成联盟。

误译：China entered into ally with the United States in the Second World War.

正译：China entered into alliance with the United States in the Second World War.

评析：名词alliance 意思是“联盟”，名词ally的意思是“盟国”。例如：China was one

of the allies in the Second World War. Ally作为动词有“结盟”的意思。例如： Great Britain was

allied with France in the Second World War.

9) 最近人口统计显示中国人口已经超过13亿。

误译：The latest census shows that China’s population has surpassed 1.3 billion.

正译：The latest census shows that China’s population has exceeds 1.3 billion.

评析：surpass一般用于超过别人的成绩、速度等。exceeds则单纯指在数字、程度。

10) 他们意识到学习知识的重要性。

误译：They are aware of the importance of learning knowledge.

正译：They are aware of the importance of acquring knowledge.

评析：汉语可以说“学习知识”， 但是to learn有两层意思：一是“获得信息”，例如：“获悉他生病 to learn of his illness.”二是获得知识或学会技能，强调结果。英语中没有to

learn knowledge 这个搭配，也不说to study knowledge。学习知识只是一个过程，按照英语的习惯表达法，只能理解为“获得知识”，翻译为to acquire knowledge或者to attain knowledge。

在翻译选词的过程中除了要注意以上提到的词性、词义、褒贬、英汉词汇差异等方面，词语的搭配也是不可忽视的。词语的搭配英汉翻译中，由于思维方式以及表达习惯的差异，词语的搭配成为一个很大的问题。词语的搭配涉及到主谓搭配、动宾搭配、形容词于名次的大佩服词语动词的搭配。例如上面的第10句，所涉及到的是动宾搭配。

又如：

1) 结果我们采取了一种比较适合情况的政策。

误译：In the end we adopted the policy comparatively/ relatively suited to the prevailing

conditions.

正译：In the end we adopted the policy best suited to the prevailing conditions.

评析：英文中没有comparatively suited 或者 relatively suited 之类的表述，comparatively 和relatively 都不能和suited 搭配。

2) 那位教师介绍了他教物理的宝贵经验。

误译：The teacher introduced his voluble experience in teaching physics.

正译：The teacher passed on his valuable experienced in teaching physics.

评析：英语中introduce 作为“介绍”解释时，只用于人，例如：让我自我介绍。Let me

introduce myself.

3) 他掌握了大量的英语词汇。

误译：He masters lots of English words.

正译：He possesses a wide/ extensive vocabulary of English.

评析：英语中的master 不能用来表示掌握多少词汇，但可以表示掌握某种语言。 如：She masters the English language. 或 She has a good command of the English language.

4) 几年来，为了培养学生，我牺牲了许多节假日。

误译：In the past few years, I sacrificed many of my holidays to the training of my pupils.

正译：In the past few years, I devoted many of my holidays to the training of my pupils.

评析：sacrifice 是个大字言。“牺牲生命”相当于英语的to sacrifice one’s life, 但不能

说sacrifice one’s holiday.

5) 中国水域、草原、山地资源丰富，开发潜力巨大。

误译：China’s water, grassland and sloping land resources are rich and they have great

potential for exploration.

正译：China has rich water, grassland and sloping land resources which have great potential

for exploration.

评析：以China 做主语，比较合乎英语的表达习惯。

另外，词义的选择并非是孤立的，应该考虑上下文，请看下面的段落：

For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh grown vegetables, line-caught fish

and the shared riches of neighbors’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for those

who barter their skills and labor. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense of self?

误译：

对于我儿子来说，自然有乡下丰富的蔬菜，垂钓的鱼，以及邻居家的果园和花园中分享的财富。还有一位免费的保姆，他的孩子我媳妇也给看。邻居们还交换技术和劳动。更有甚者，你怎样测量宁静和自我意识。

正译：

对于我儿子来说，乡下有新鲜的蔬菜吃，有鱼钓，还可以分享邻居果园和花园中的乐趣。遇到有事的时候，总有人为你来照看孩子，而我的儿媳有时也会去为别人临时看看小孩。人们常常互相帮忙，感谢自己擅长的活计。除此之外，那种对自我的感受，又岂是可以简单度量的呢？

解析：

“垂钓的鱼，果园和花园中分享的财富”生硬，译者没有仔细地领会词汇在句中的意思。the unpaid baby-sitter并非指某一专业保姆，而是乐于助人的邻居。在翻译时词义的选择选择应该根据上下文决定。“更有甚者”属连词的使用不当，造成了逻辑连贯失调。这段文字讲的是乡下的种种优越，“But more than that…”引出的两个设问句，意在进一步指出农村生活给人精神上带来的益处，而汉语中的“更有甚者”只能引出贬义的东西。

词汇的选择和处理是一个非常复杂的过程，涉及甚广，下面的章节会具体的讲述各种词汇技巧。

课堂练习题

翻译下列句子：

1) It is very necessary for you to have sound sleep.

译：充足的睡眠对你非常重要。

2) Nothing came of enemy’s efforts to break through.

译：敌人企图突围，但毫无结果。

3) He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

译：他又一让我们领受了他渊博的知识、丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。

4) They seemed to have little to eat but bread and some small potatoes they had raised and

then placed in a hole in the dirt floor under the bed to keep them from freezing.

译：他们除了面包和一些小土豆之外，似乎没有什么东西可吃。土豆是他们自己以前种的，然后放在床下泥地的小洞里，以防冻坏。

5）这种型号的车床价格便宜。

误译：The price of the lathe of this type is cheap.

正译：The price of the lathe of this type is low.

评析：主语是“价格”时，应该用low 或者high来描述。

6) 他们想问题作事情的方法，他们的历史习惯跟我们不同.

误译：The way they think, the way they do things and their historical habits are different

from ours.

正译：The way they think, the way they do things and their traditional habits are different

from ours.

评析：英语中习惯用traditional habits 来表达相关的意思。

7) That is an official kind of strike.

误译：这是一种官方的罢工。

正译：这是工会组织的罢工。

评析：“官方的罢工”定语与主语不搭配，official strike 指的是“有工会组织或批准的罢工”。

8) Kino hurrying towards the house, felt a surge of exhilaration.

误译：吉诺朝着他的房子匆匆走去，感到一阵涌起的兴奋。

正译：吉诺加快步伐，兴致勃勃地朝自己家走去。

评析：“涌起的”和“兴奋”搭配不当。

9) The delta and the narrow Nile Valley to the south make up only three percent of Egypt’s

land but are home to 96 percent of her population.

误译：三角洲的南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷只占埃及土地的百分之三，却是百分之九十六的人口的家园。

正译：三角洲的南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷只占埃及土地的百分之三，却是百分之九十六的人口住在这里。

评析：英语中可以说are home to …of her population.但是汉语中却不太说“…人口的家园。”这里改换主谓搭配意译其义。

课后练习题

1. 下列的翻译是否恰当？若不恰当，请用恰当的方式将他们重新翻译。

1）强硬政策

改译：tough policy

2）实现了自给自足

改译：reach/ achieve self-sufficient

3）严密控制

改译：strict control

4）每晚我都要花一小时学习政治理论和企业管理知识。

改译：I would spend one hour every evening on studying political theories and acquiring

knowledge concerning business management.

5) 掌握英语不是件容易的事，飞下苦功夫不可。

改译：The mastery of English is not easy and requires painstaking effort.

6) 这20年的经验告诉我：熟能生巧。

改译：My working experience in the 20 years teaches me that practice makes perfect.

7) 他没能赴约，因为他生病了。

改译：She didn’t keep the appointment because she was sick.

8) 错误的结果必然得出错误的结论。

改译：A wrong result is bound to come to a false conclusion.

2. 翻译下面的段落

I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world

intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on

untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices

and meanness in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore

them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or exhausted as

the whims of alien groups --- when they to be acknowledged as “part of us”.

译文：我并不想把小地方的生活理想化。有时，外面世界的东西也会粗暴地闯进来。比如，汽油涨价，开发商把目光投向未被染指的农田。这里有残暴行径，也有褊狭固执，大都市的罪恶和卑劣行为这里都有。另外，我们不能自欺欺人地认为这些卑劣的东西只在小镇的另一个地区才存在，或者只是一批外乡人的怪诞想法，我们不得不承认这些就是我们之中的一部分。这时，我们就更无法对这些丑行视而不见了。

第二节 词类转译法

导入材料

让学生翻译下列句子：

1）Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job at the fertilizer work.

译文：由于打了一个工头，他被列入黑名单，不能在肥料厂工作的。

2) He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.

译文：他倒是不抽烟，但是他爸爸一根接一根地抽。

3) Warm discussion arose on every corner as to his achievements.

译文：到处都在热烈地讨论他的成就。

4) We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries.

译文：我们最高度地珍视同发展中国家地友好关系。

5) I had the fortune to meet him.

译文：我幸运地遇到了他。

如第一句中，“blacklist”是动词，但是在译句中，被译成了名词。“no smoker”，“warm

discussion”，“the highest value”和“chain-smoker”也被译作了动词,而“had the fortune”被译成了副词。

6) 天府之国的特点是气候温和，物产丰富，人杰地灵。

译文：The Land of Abundance is characterized by its mild climate and rich natural resources.

So many great men lend glory to this place.

“特点”被翻译成“be characterized by”，是更恰当的英文表达。

7) 他们恨透了那个狼心狗肺的人。

译文：They hated that beast of their boss.

8) 空气清香，使人感到分外凉爽，舒畅。

译文：The air was fresh and fragrant; it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and

comfort.

9) 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色。

译文：Everything was gradually disappearing into a pall of grey.

10) 他想按汽车喇叭，前门应声而开。

译文：The front door opened to his hoot.

在以上的句子中，为了译文的顺畅，以及能够符合汉语的表达习惯，我们可以看到每一个句子中，都出现了词性的转换，

讲解部分

词性的转换（conversion）是翻译中最常用的手段。在翻译中，有些句子可以逐词对译，但这种情况毕竟少而又少。由于表达方式的不同、思维方式的差异等原因，翻译中有时需要进行词类转换，才能使译文忠实于原文，并符合目的语的表达习惯。

词性转化几乎可以在所有词性间进行，如名词转换成为动词，动词转换成名词，介词转换成动词，副词转换成动词，名词转换成为形容词等等，都是经常使用的。下面从常见的四个方面介绍。

一、

转换成为动词

英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点。英语句子中往往只有一个谓语动词，而汉语中却可以几个动词活动次结构连用。因而动词与其他此类之间的互换也就很频繁。

1． 名词转译为动词

1）The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

译：看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我特别的神往。

2） 2）As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete.

译：一周快结束时，敌人彻底崩溃了。

3) My grandfather takes a walk in the nearby park every evening.

译：我爷爷每天晚上去赴京的公园散步。

4)我对这个城市的绿化留下很深的印象。

译：I was deeply impressed by the forestation plan of this city.

5)成都工艺美术品厂的产品主要特点是价廉物美。

译：The products of Chengdu Arts & Crafts Factory are mainly featured by their

workmanship and reasonable price.

2．介词转译为动词

1) Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by

little shops and meat-markets, past single-stories homes until suddenly it stops against a

wide green lawn.

译：卡列斯尔大街往西延伸，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬了上去，经过许多小普和肉市，又经过平房，然后突然冲着一片绿色草地中止了。

2) Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.

译：党的领导干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间工作。

3) The woman, with her two daughters arrived.

译：这妇女带着他的两个女儿到了。

3. 形容词、副词转译为动词

英语中表示知觉、情欲、渔网等心理状态的形容词，在练习动词后作表语用时，往往可以转移成汉语动词。常见的这类形容词有：

confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware,

concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able等。

1) It was a very informative meeting.

译：会上透漏了很多消息。

2) Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.

译：医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

3) As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.

译：他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。

课堂练习题

翻译下面的句子。

1). Vietnam War is a drain on American resources.

译：越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。

2).他反对的理由是：这个计划不现实。

译：He

objected that the plan is not practical.

3). Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.

译：千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫困。

4). He was away before dawn.

译：他是黎明前出发的。

5). President Bush has said repeatedly that American government will go out to deal with

terrorism.

译：布什总统屡次声言，美国政府会全力以赴对付恐怖分子。

6). She is very talkative.

译：她太能说了。

课后练习题

1. 通过运用将某些名词转换成为动词的方法，翻译下列的句子。

1) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.

译：火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。

2) The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.

译：政府呼吁开办更多的技术学校。

3) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.

译：每天早晨，她都要去湖边散步。

2. 通过将句中的介词转译的方法，翻译下列句子。

1) “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the

veranda, and into the porch.

译：“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

2) She came home for lunch at noon.

译：她回家吃午饭。

3) Everyone was away for holiday.

译：大家都去度假了。

4) He caught the ball with his left hand.

译：他左手抓住了球。

5) He came to my house for help.

译：他来我家求助。

3. 通过将副词和形容词转换成动词的方法，翻译下列的句子。

1) The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.

译：她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗号。但是我必须小心谨慎。

2) Naturally the Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than

with taking ours.

译：当然，纳粹士兵对救他们自己的命，比起要我们的命，要关心的多了。

3) That day he was up before sunrise.

译：那天，他天还没亮起来了。

4) She opened the window to let fresh air in.

译：她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。

二、 转译为名词

1. 动词转译为名词

英语中有很多有名次派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往找不到

相对应的动词，这是可以将其转译成汉语的名词。同样，英语的名词多，汉语的动词多，在汉译英时，也可以根据实际情况将汉语的动词转译为英语的名词。

1) Formality has always characterized their relationship.

译：他们之间的关系有一个特点，就是以礼相待。

2) As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustration.

译：随着战争的进行，他成了他们受挫的象征，成了一切坏事的化身。

3) To them, he personified the absolute power.

译：在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。

4) 他总是喝很多酒。

译：He is a great drinker.

2．形容词、副词转译成为名词

1) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.

译：他们进了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

2) Steven was eloquent and elegant --- but soft.

译：史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。

3) 王先生用热情的款待把他的窘态掩盖过去。

译：Mr. Wang covered up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of his hospitality.

4) 海岛上的空气这样清香，使人感到格外凉爽、舒畅。

译：The air over Hainan Island was so fresh and fragrant; it gave us a feeling of

exceptional coolness and comfort.

课堂练习题

翻译下面的句子

1）很难把这本小说列入哪一个类型中去。

译：This novel defies easy classification.

2）他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作决定。

译：He has long been used to last-minute decisions.

3）他统治那个地区长达20年之久。

译：He has been the ruler of that region for as long as 20 years.

4）Throw a tennis ball on the floor. The ball bounces back. In the same way, when light

falls on certain things it bounces back. When this happens, the light is said to be

reflected.

译：将网球扔到地板上，求会弹回来。同样，光照到某些物体上时，也会弹回来。这种情况叫做光的反射。

5）多年来，我很少外出写生，如今我对此已经感到很生疏了。

译：Since I seldom go out sketching for years, it is quite a strange to me now.

6）她非常漂亮。

译：She is a real beauty.

7）Official Moscow is going to object the proposal.

译：莫斯科官方准备反对此项提议。

课后练习题

1. 翻译下列的句子，将斜体部分转译成为名词。

1) 这些乡下小姑娘歌唱得很好。

译：These rustic little girls are good singers.

2) 他对他们越来越憎恨。

译：His hatred towards them grew stronger and stronger.

3) 他们教导我们要珍惜每一个机会。

译：They taught us the value of an opportunity.

4) Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth’s atmosphere after

completing their missions.

译：美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命以后，在大气中焚毁。

5) Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged

at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth.

译：由于经常受太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切观察。

2. 翻译下列句子，将斜体部分转译成为名词。

1) 那个家伙笨的出奇。

译：That fellow is a typical fool.

2) The Whiled family were religious.

译：王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。

3) 街道的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。

译：Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a dusk of gloomy grey.

4) 在全国卫生城市评比中，西安已经消除了脏、乱、差的现象。

译：In the nationwide evaluation of clean cities, Xi’an has got rid of all its uncleanness,

disorder and discourtesy.

5) Robin Hood and his friends hated the rich and loved and protected the

poor.

译：罗宾汉和他的朋友痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。

6) They were considered insincere.

译：他们被认为是伪君子。

三、

其他词类转译

1．转译成为形容词

1) The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.

译：她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。

2) The security and warmth of the destroyer’s sickbay wonderful.

译：驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。

3) 要是你们只满足于现状，你们就不能在竞争中求得发展。

译：You cannot survive in the competition for further development, if you are only

content with things as they are.

2. 其他词类转换

下面有一些牵涉到其他种类的词性转译问题，试着判断词性是如何进行转译的。

1) This is sheer nonsense.

译：这完全是胡说。

2) He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.

译：他和另一名特工进行了例行的无线联络。

3) The film “Beautiful Mind” impressed him deeply.

译：“美丽心灵”这部影片给了她深刻的印象。

4) 随着生产的发展，群众生活水平的提高，任命的购买力将逐步增长。

译：The purchase power of the whole people will increase step by step as production

grows and the living standard of the masses is improved.

5) 我们这本书主要将汉译英而不讲英译汉的技巧。

译：This book deals with the basic skills of translation from Chinese into English not

vice versa.

3. 段落翻译实例

His anger often derived from nothing: the set of a pair of fat lips, the casual heavy thump of

the serving spoon into his plate, or the resentful conviction that the cook was not serving him

enough.

译文：

往往只是为了芝麻大一点小事就惹他一肚子火：炊事兵撇着两片厚嘴唇啦，舀菜的大勺不小心铛地一声碰了他的碟子啦；要不然就是忿忿不平地认为炊事兵没给他盛购。

课堂练习题

翻译下面的句子

1）The blockade was a success.

译：封锁很成功。

2）他们迫切地想弄到消息。

译：They are news-hungry.

3）获悉贵国的南方地区遭受水灾，国际红十字会深表关切。为此，特向你们捐赠以下救济物资。

译：The International Red Cross is deeply concerned at the news that a big flood has hit

the southern areas of your country. The following relief items will be specially denoted

for this purpose.

4）The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city

poor.

译：新市场有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。

5）He is physically weak, but mentally sound.

译：他身体虽弱，但思想健康。

6）We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of

the local radio station…

译：我们短短地，不安地睡了几次，竭力想听当地电台的广播…

7）你们现在得走了。

译：You must be off now.

课后练习题

1．翻译下面的句子，把斜体部分转译成为形容词。

1) 她来信说她得了胃溃疡（gastric ulcer），我对她的健康状况十分担心。

译：She wrote me to say that she was suffering from gastric ulcer; I am quite worried about

her health.

2) 我颇怀疑他做此事的动机。

译：I am rather doubtful about his real motive for doing this.

3) As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.

译：他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。

4) Independent thinking is an necessity in study.

译：独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。

5) The garden party is a great success.

译：那个园会真是圆满极了。

6) 她读书不加选择.

译：She is indiscriminate in reading.

2．翻译下面的句子，把斜体部分进行转移处理。

1) It was clear and unemotional exposition of the President’s reasons for willing to begin

a Chinese-American dialogue.

译：这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。

2) Bob was in clear majority.

译：鲍勃显然属于少数。

3) He had the kindness to show me the way.

译：他好心地给我指路。

4) I had the fortune to meet him.

译：我幸运地遇到了他。

5) “Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two.

译：他慢条斯理的点了一两下头说：“是的。”

6) Warm discussion arose on every corner as to his achievements.

译：到处在热烈讨论他的成就。

7) 他用手指在墙上写下了自己的名字。

译：He wrote down his own name on the wall with his finger.

8) 许多学生反对他。

译：Many students are against him.

9) 我国高科技发展的实践，再一次证明了这位科学家的论断完全正确。

The practice of the high-tech development in China once more proves that the inference of

this scientist is absolutely right.

10) 英译汉并不比汉译英容易。

译：Translation from English into Chinese is not easier than the other way around.

3．翻译下面的段落

I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness

had preyed upon me continuously fro weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate

struggle.

译文：但不知今后等待着我的是什么，会使我欣喜，还是惊骇。几个星期以来我又气又恨，感到非常苦恼，这种感情上的激烈斗争过去之后，我感到身心倦怠。

第三节 重译法

导入材料

翻译下列句子：

1）“I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right now.”

译文：“我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好即刻分手吧。”

2) His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.

译文：他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就像没有父母似的。

3) And the body lay white and still beneath the pines, all bathed in sunshine and in

blood.

译文：这具尸体苍白而安静地躺在松树下，浴于阳光中，浴于血泊中。

4) He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so

grave and gay.

译文：他坐在那儿注视着，觉得眼前的景象，既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。

5) They might very well be preparing an attack against the country, hence their

sizable build-up not only of troops, but of missiles, planes, and tanks along the border of

the country.

译文：他们很可能正在准备进攻这个国家，因此他们沿着这个国家的边境不仅集结了大量部队，而且部署了大量导弹，飞机和坦克。

6） 老头子一辈子天不怕地不怕，到了老年反倒怕起自己的女儿。

译文：All his life had feared neither heaven nor earth, yet here he was in his old age

afraid of his own daughter.

7） 中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。

译文：What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, whether it concerns the

Chinese or foreigners, whether it concerns the dead or the living.

从上面的句子中，我们可以看到词汇重复在句子翻译中的作用。

讲解部分

重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上稳中刚刚出现过的。翻译和写作一样，有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往要将一些关键的词加以重复。此种译法在英译汉中更加普遍，因此本节以英译汉作为讲解重点。

一、为了明确

1）Let us revise our safty and sanitary regulations.

译：我们来修订一下安全规则和卫生规则，

2）I had experienced oxygen and/ or engine trouble.

译：我曾碰到过不是氧气设备出故障就是引擎出故障，或者两者都出故障。

3） They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.

译：他们开始研究敌情或分析敌情。

4） This has been our position --- but not theirs.

译：这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。

5) The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary

patients.

译：医生从我身上得到的实践会比从1700个病人身上得到的实践还多。

6) The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on

him so often and so hard that there was little left.

译：小学徒对老板怕的要死，老板经常整他，而且还整的很厉害，简直快把他整扁了。

7) All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess’ ultimate prize.

译：所有这些安排只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是最终目的。

8) Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.

译：水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。

9) Is he a friend or an enemy?

译：他是敌是友？

10) The blow hurt not only his hands but also his shoulders, too.

译：这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。

11) We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other

--- of everything but our host and hostess.

译：我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。

12) He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor

flights, nor contents of strength.

译：他不再梦见风暴，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。

课堂练习题

翻译下列的句子

1) But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin

he was bringing on his family.

译：可是他的老婆不断在他耳边唠叨个没完，说他的懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要会在他的身上。

2) They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his

obligations as an American.

译：他们想要确定，他是否履行了手鼓条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。

3) Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.

译：杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。

4) He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.

译：他讨厌失败，他一生中曾经战胜失败，超越失败，而且他藐视别人的失败。

5) Happy families also had their own troubles.

译：幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。

6) Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.

译：强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。

7) Whoever violates the displines should be criticized.

译：谁违反了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。

8) Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.

译：哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。

9) To him, the birds sang, the squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed.

译：鸟儿向他歌唱，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也为他开放。

10) He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator.

译：他既精于飞行，又善于导航。

课后练习题

使用重译法翻译下列的句子。

1) We should learn how to analyze and solve the problems.

译：我们应该学会如何分析问题和解决问题。

2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.

译：重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。

3) We caught a glimpse of the leading horses and of a horseman vanishing through the

rain.

译：我们瞥见了最前面的几匹马，还瞥见了一个起马的人消失在雨中。

4) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.

译：无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。

5) He broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way.

译：他和他的过去断绝了一切关系，和旧社会的一切也断绝了一切关系。

6) People forget your face first, then your name.

译：人们首先会忘记你的容貌，接着会忘记你的名字。

7) They were starting from scratch and needed men, guns and training.

译：他们是白手起家——他们需要人员，需要枪支，需要训练。

8) They talked of things they longed for___ of meat and of hot soup.

译：他们谈到了他们所渴望的东西——谈到了肉，谈到了热汤。

9) Ignoring a problem does not solve it.

译：对于一个问题制止不力，并不能解决问题。

10) Each had his own business to handle.

译：各人有各人的事要处理。

二、为了强调

为了强调，在句子中往往重复关键性的词，在翻译是可以采取同样的重复手段。

1). He wondered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.

译：他在凄风冷雨中徘徊，思绪万千。

2). Gentleman may cry peace, peace --- but there is no peace.

译：先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。

3). He demanded total loyalty, not loyalty in the traditional sense, not positive loyalty, but

total loyalty, not just to office or party, or concept, but loyalty first and foremost to Lyndon

Johnson.

译：他要求绝对的忠诚，而不是传统意义上的忠诚，也不是一般的忠诚，而是绝对的忠诚，不止是对职务、政党或观念的忠诚，而是首先对约翰逊的忠诚。

4). They had to stand there in that heat, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in and

never saying anything.

译：他们在那大热天里站着，一言不发，眼巴巴地看着我进来出去。

5). But there had been too much publicity about my case.

译：但是我的事已搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。

三、为了生动

英语原文中即使没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，有时也可以采用各种重复手段，如：运用四字词组，运用词语的重迭以及对偶词组等等。

1）But there had been too much publicity about my case.

译：但我的事情已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。

2）The street were overrun by Hitler’s bullies.

译：那时希特勒的暴徒在街上横行霸道，无恶不作。

3）Target priorities were established there.

译：目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后，是在那里决定的。

4）I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.

译：我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，只言无隐。

5）His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belong to nobody.

译：他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就像没有父母似的。

6）Her pink smiling cheeks were quite pleasant to look at, in a town and on a day when

everybody else’s countenance wore the appearance of the deepest anxiety and gloom.

译：全城人都是心事重重，愁眉苦脸，只有他那红纷纷笑眯眯的脸蛋叫人看着心里舒服。

7）By the pale night-lamp he could see her sweet, pale face --- the purple eyelids were

fringed and closed, and one round arm, smooth and white, lay outside of the coverlet.

译：在淡淡的灯光下，他看见了她苍白美丽的脸庞儿，眼睛闭着，地下室浓浓的睫毛，眼圈儿有些发黑，一只圆润白皙的臂撂在背面儿上。

重译法也被运用于词语翻译，如下列范例：

great contribution 丰功伟绩

gratitude 感恩戴德

ingratitude 忘恩负义

prosperity 繁盛昌荣

eternal glory to 永垂不朽

vivid 生动活泼

arrogance 骄傲自大

hesitate 犹豫不决

careless 粗心大意

in chaos 乌烟瘴气

street gossip 街谈巷议

rumors 流言蜚语

四、段落翻译实例

It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming

down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land,

which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and

matchless rhythm. The land did not move, but moved. The sea was not still, yet was still. Paradox

flowed into paradox, stillness mixed with stillness, sound with sound. The flowers vibrated and

the bees fell in separate and small showers of golden rain on the clover. The seas of hill and the

seas of ocean were divided, each from the other’s motion, by a railroad track, empty, compounded

of rust and marrow, a track on which, quite obviously, no train had run in many years. Thirty miles

north it swirled on away to further mists of distance, thirty miles south it tunneled islands of

cloud-shadow that changed their continental positions on the sides of far mountains as you

watched.

译文：绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，这日子是如此清新可爱。蜜蜂无言，春花不语，海波声咽，大地音沉，这日子是如此安静。然而并非安静，因为万物各以奇特有的节奏在运动，或急或徐，或起或伏。大地止而亦行，大海动而亦静。万寂交而万籁和，若真若假，若是若非。繁花在微微颤动。蜜蜂一群群地落在三叶草上，有如阵阵黄金雨。山涛海浪之间，隔着一条铁路，空空荡荡，铁轨生了锈，显然多年没通车了。这条铁路，住北三十英里，蜿蜒伸入远方的溟蒙；往南三十英里，盘旋与山阴之外，穿插于飘飘云影之中。

课堂练习题

翻译下列句子：

1). Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.

译：以牙还牙，以眼还眼。

2). Out of sight, out of mind.

译：眼不见，心不烦。

3). They would read and re-read the secret notes.

译：他们把这些密条读了又读。。

4).I was admittedly shy.

译：我是以腼腆胆怯著称的。

5). It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with

moving men.

译：这是九月的一个晴朗下午，纽约大街上，人来人往，五光十色。

6). Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished.

译：不管开始是我们对这架飞机有什么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。

7). If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.

译：多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心之势。

8). He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave

and gay.

译：他坐在那儿注视着，觉得眼前的景象，即是始终如一，又是变化多端，即是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，即是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。

9）His folks ate up everything he had.

译：他一家人把它所有的东西吃光喝尽。

10）They might very well be preparing an attack against the country, hence their sizable

build-up not only of troops, but of missiles, planes, and tanks along the border of the country.

译：他们很可能正在准备进攻这个国家，因此他们沿着这个国家的边境不仅结集了大量部队，而且部署了大量的导弹、飞机和坦克。

课后练习题

1. 用重译法翻译下列句子。

1) It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.

译：生于社会，不能脱离社会。

2) This town is a small town, looking much like other towns of its size, but few towns enjoy

so many natural advantages.

译：这个城市是个小城市，看上去跟其他与它大小相仿的城市没有什么两样，但是其他城市却很少有这么多的天然优越条件。

3) If once virtue was last, all is lost.

译：如果一旦丧失了道德，就丧失了一切。

4) Year after year and century after century the moon goes through its circles.

译：一年又一年，一世纪又一世纪，月亮盈亏变化，周而复始。

5) Easy come, easy go.

译：来得容易去得快。

6) No pains, no gains.

译：不下苦功夫就没有收获。

7) She loved giving orders to the servants and they loved obeying her.

译：她喜欢对仆人们发号施令，他们也爱听她指挥。

8) He showed himself calm in an emergency situation.

译：他在情况危急时，态度从容，镇定自若。

9) The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly

found himself tongue-tied.

译：这些问题显然使得这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立刻显得张口结舌，哑口无言。

2. 用四字词组表达原文中的斜体字。

1) The toast was flat.

译：祝酒辞时平平淡淡的。

2) The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair.

译：在他看来，这个审判是绝对公平合理的。

3) She is an awful fool of a woman.

译：她是一个非常愚昧无知的女人。

4) But at that time, She was the only woman there.

译：但在那时，她是那里独一无二的女人。

3．翻译下面的段落

It was a long road going into darkness and hills and he held to the wheel, now and again

reaching into his lunch bucket and taking out a piece of candy. He had been driving steadily

for an hour, with no other car on the road, no light, just the road going under, the hum, the

roar, and Mars out there, so quiet. Mars was always quiet, but quieter tonight than any other.

The deserts and empty seas swung by him, and the mountains against the stars.

译文：

此去路漫漫，伸向黑暗，深入群山。他掌握着方向盘，不时伸手从小提桶里拿糖吃。沉着向前，走了一个小时，不见别的车辆，不见灯光，只见古道从车下滑过。发电机如吟如啸。汽车外，火星一片寂静。火星就是这么静的，不过今夜比往常更静。荒漠沧海，悠悠然飘过他的身旁。还有那衬着星空的群山。

本文标签： 翻译工作表示