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2023年12月30日发(作者:)

2002 Text 1

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1、If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared

experiences and problems. 如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑,你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。 1.1 identify英 /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/ 美 /aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ/vt. 确定;鉴定;识别,辨认出;使参与;把…看成一样 vi. 确定;认同;一致

2、Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them

or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. 你的幽默必须与听众有关,能够向他们显示你是他们的一员,或者你了解他们的情况,同情他们的观点。

2.1 sympathy英 /'sɪmpəθɪ/ 美 /'sɪmpəθi/n. 同情;慰问;赞同

3、Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. 根据与你谈话的不同对象,问题也有所不同。 4.2 secretary英 /ˈsekrətrɪ/ 美 /'sɛkrətɛrɪ/n. 秘书;书记;部长;大臣

4、If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their

secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their

disorganized bosses. 如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法紊乱;相反,如果你在和一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论她们老板的工作方法紊乱。

4.1 disorganized英 /dis'ɔ:ɡənaizd/ 美 /dɪs'ɔrɡənaɪzd/adj. 紊乱的;无组织的

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1、Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the

audience all shared the same view of doctors. 下面举一个例子,它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好,因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。

2、A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful

accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. 一个人到了天堂,由圣彼得带着他参观。他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。 2.1 accommodation英 /əkɒmə'deɪʃ(ə)n/ 美 /ə,kɑmə'deʃən/n. 住处,膳宿;调节;和解;预订铺位

3、Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is

suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and

stomps over to a table by himself. 所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善,然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时,突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只见这人挤到了队伍的前头,抓起他的食物,噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。 3.1 grab英 /græb/ 美 /ɡræb/n. 攫取;霸占;夺取之物vt.

攫取;霸占;将…深深吸引vi. 攫取;夺取

3.2 stomp英 /stɒmp/ 美 /stɑmp/n. 跺脚,重踩;顿足爵士舞vt. 跺脚,重踩;践踏

4、"Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he

thinks he's a doctor." “这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦,那是上帝,”他回答说,“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。”

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1、If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the

experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to

make a

passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. 如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。

1.1 appropriate英/ əˈprəʊprɪeɪt/美/ əˈproprɪet/adj. 适当的;恰当的;合适的vt. 占用,拨出

1.2 inedible英 /ɪn'edɪb(ə)l/ 美 /ɪn'ɛdəbl/adj. 不能吃的 make a passing remark顺便说一句

1.3 canteen英 /kæn'tiːn/ 美 /kænˈtiːn/n. 食堂,小卖部;水壶

1.4 notorious英 /nə(ʊ)'tɔːrɪəs/ 美 /no'tɔrɪəs/adj. 声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的

1.5 tie英 /taɪ/ 美 /taɪ/n. 领带;平局;鞋带;领结;不分胜负vi. 打结;不分胜负;被用带(或绳子等)系住vt. 系;约束;打结;与…成平局

2、With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making

disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. 而对于其他听众,你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默,因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。

2.1 resent英 /rɪ'zent/ 美 /rɪ'zɛnt/vt. 怨恨;愤恨;厌恶

2.2 disparaging英 /dɪ'spærɪdʒɪŋ/ 美 /dɪs'pærɪdʒɪŋ/v. 蔑视(disparage的ing形式)adj. 毁谤的;轻蔑的

3、You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊,那你就会很安全。

3.1 scapegoat英/'skeɪpgəʊt/美 /'skepɡot/n. 替罪羊,替人顶罪者;替身vt. 使成为…的替罪羊

3.2 stick英/stɪk/美 /stɪk/n. 棍;手杖;呆头呆脑的人vi. 坚持;伸出;粘住vt. 刺,戳;伸出;粘贴

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1、If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. 如果你在幽默时感到很别扭,你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。

1.1 awkward英 /'ɔːkwəd/ 美 /'ɔkwɚd/adj. 尴尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的

2、Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and

unforced manner. 包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话,你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。

2.1 casual英 /'kæʒjʊəl; -zj-/ 美 /'kæʒʊəl/n. 便装;临时工人;待命士兵adj. 随便的;非正式的;临时的;偶然的 2.2 apparently英 /ə'pærəntlɪ/ 美 /ə'pærəntli/adv. 显然地;似乎,表面上

2.3 cuff英 /kʌf/ 美 /kʌf/n. 袖口,裤子翻边;手铐;一巴掌vt. 给…上袖口;用巴掌打;给…带上手铐vi. 殴斗,拳击 off-the-cuff英 /'ɔfðə'kʌf, 'ɔ:-/ 美 /'ɔfðə'kʌf/adj. 即席的

2.4 deliver英 /dɪ'lɪvə/ 美 /dɪ'lɪvɚ/n. 投球vt. 交付;发表;递送;释放;给予(打击);给…接生vi. 实现;传送;履行;投递

2.5 unforced英 /ʌn'fɔːst/ 美 /ʌn'fɔrst/adj. 自然的;不勉强的v. 非被强迫(unforce的过去分词) manner英 /'mænə/ 美 /'mænɚ/n. 方式;习惯;种类;规矩;风俗

3、Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a

raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑,因此说慢一些,并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。 3.1 light-hearted adj. 轻松的;无忧无虑的

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1、Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. 留意幽默,它常常是在出其不意的时候出现。 1.1 unexpected英 /ʌnɪk'spektɪd; ʌnek-/ 美 /'ʌnɪk'spɛktɪd/adj. 意外的,想不到的

2、A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a

situation.它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一开始不成功,就放弃”,或者是玩弄语言和情景。

2.1 twist/twɪst/美 /twɪst/n. 扭曲;拧;扭伤vt. 捻;拧;扭伤;编织;使苦恼vi. 扭动;弯曲

2.2 quote英 /kwəʊt/ 美 /kwot/n. 引用vi. 报价;引用;引证vt. 报价;引述;举证

3、Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or

sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.留意夸张和打折扣的话。考虑一下你的谈话,选出一些词汇和句子,颠倒它们的秩序,并注入一些幽默。

3.1 exaggeration英 /ɪg,zædʒə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ 美 /ɪɡ,zædʒə'reʃən/n. 夸张;夸大之词;夸张的手法

3.2 understatement英 /ʌndə'steɪtm(ə)nt; 'ʌndə-/ 美 /'ʌndɚstetmənt/n. 保守的陈述;不充分的陈述;有保留的陈述 3.3 inject英 /ɪn'dʒekt/ 美 /ɪn'dʒɛkt/vt. 注入;注射

2002 Text 2

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1、Being a man (动名词短语做主语)has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for

every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds

there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.

Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. (做男人总是充满危险,出生时男女比例大约是105:100,但到了成熟期,这一比例几乎持平,而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍,但是男性死亡率普遍偏高这种情况正在改变,现在男婴存活率几乎同女婴一样高.)

1.1 名词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句、It形式主语、代词(短语)可做主语

1.2 rate比率 ripe成熟的(植物,时机) mature成熟的(人,时机) maturity成熟

1.3 universal普遍的,普遍现象 universe宇宙 mortality死亡数,死亡率immortal [ɪ'mɔːt(ə)l]永垂不朽的

1.4 survive 幸存下来,活下来 survival skills生存技能

2、This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years

when they

are searching for a mate. (这就意味着男孩到了寻找伴侣的关键年龄将首次出现男孩过剩现象.)

2.1 crucial重要的;决定性的,关键的 mate配偶,伙伴 match 匹配 matching position 相匹配的职位 excess额外的,超额,过剩,过多 global excess demand全球过量需求

3、More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance

of a baby(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy

meant almost certain death.(更重要的是, 又一次自然选择的机会不复存在了.50年前,婴儿(尤其是男婴)存活的机会取决于体重,过轻或过重几乎意味着必死无疑.)

3.1 remove使消除,remove the misunderstanding between the two peoples消除两国人民之间的误解

3.2 certain必然的/某些 I felt certain that I`d passed the test. 我感觉自己肯定通过这次测验了.By certain signs we may presage of heats and rains. 根据某些迹象,我们可以预告酷热和下雨.

3.3 uncertainty 不确定性There is a great deal of uncertainty about the company`s future. 公司的前景有很多未知因素. Times of great change are also times of uncertainty. 发生巨大变革的时期也是动荡的时期.

4、Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of

evolution has gone. (今日体重几乎不起什么作用,因为大部分差异是由基因引起的,又一个进化的因素消失了.)

4.1 variation变化(vary变化)due to=owing to=because of因为

4.2 agent 代理(人,商) sales agent销售代理 exclusive agent独家代理 natural selection自然选择 evolutionism [,i:və'lu:ʃənizəm]进化论 evolution进化

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1、There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people

are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children.

进化自杀还有另一种方法:存活,但少生孩子. 现在没有几个人像过去那样具有旺盛的生育力. 除了在一些宗教社区之外,没有几名妇女有15个孩子.

1.1 fertile富饶的,肥沃的;能生育的 Anything grows in this fertile ground. 这片肥沃的土地上长什么都行.

2、Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly

the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural

selection to take advantage of it have diminished. 当今婴儿出生的数量同死亡年龄一样已趋于平均

化,我们多数人的子女数量大致相同. 人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再一次减少.

2.1 offspring=descendant子孙后代All the land that you see I will give to you and your offspring

forever. 凡你所看见的一切地,我都要赐给你和你的后裔,直到永远.

2.2 diminish减少,时间少Time will not diminish our friendship. 时间的流逝将不会减弱我们的友谊.

2.3 make the best use of 充分利用 You will make the best use of spare time every day and

reinforce your memory. 你可以最大程度地利用每天的空闲时光,还可以强化你的记忆力.

3、India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty

for the remaining tribal peoples. 印度可以说明正在发生的一切.这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富,而给其余的各部落民族以贫困.

3.1 poverty ['pɒvətɪ]贫困rich/poor富裕/贫穷 Millions of elderly people live in poverty . 数百万老年人生活在贫困之中.We need an effective strategy to fight poverty . 我们需要制定一个有效的对策来与贫困作斗争.

3.2 tribal ['traɪb(ə)l]部落的,种族的The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities. 那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂烈冲突弄得四分五裂.

3.3 remaining剩下的,剩余的the remaining colonies of Spain西班牙剩余的殖民地 colony殖民地

4、The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring —

means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the

tribes.今天这种极其显著的平均化——每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同——意味着与部落相比较,自然选择在印度中、上层已经失去了80%的效力.

4.1 mediocrity[miːdɪ'ɒkrɪtɪ] 平庸之才;平常 Great Hall of the People人民大会堂

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1、For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. 对我们来说,这意味着进化已经结束;生物学上的乌托邦已经降临.

1.1 Utopia [ju:'təupiə]乌托邦(理想中最美好的社会);理想国 2.1 origin of species物种起源

2、Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. 奇怪的是,这一过程几乎丝毫没有牵涉到身体上的变化,没有其他物种充斥着自然中如此多的空间.

3、But in the past 100,000 years — even the past 100 years — our lives have been transformed but our

bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. 但在过去的10万年——甚至过去的100年中,我们的生活发生了变化,但我们的身体却没变.我们没有进化.因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切.

4、Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a

savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." 达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人,他们“看有机的生命如同野人看船,好像看某种完全不能理解的东西”.

4.1 words and phrases [frɑ(a):z]单词和短语 ignorant无知的 ignorance无知,愚昧organic being生命有机体organism ['ɔːg(ə)nɪz(ə)m] 有机体;生物体;微生物 savage野人wholly完全的,全部

beyond one's comprehension 远非某人所能理解的 beyond ones dream做梦都想不到

5、No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But

however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.

毫无疑问,我们将记住20世纪的生活方式,尽管对其丑陋之处不得其解,但是,不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到有多么惊讶,他们的样子会同我们差不了多少.

5.1 no doubt毋庸臵疑 however=no matter how无论多么 We are amazed at his performance.我们惊讶于他的表现.

2002 Text3

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1、Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? (过去经济衰落的糟糕日子会不会重来?)

1.1 the bad old days 以前不好的日子 rule of conduct 行为规范 1.2 be about to do=be going to do

将要 as/since/for/because 因为由于 1.3 moral decline 道德衰退 on the decline 走下坡路

2、Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up

from less than $10 last December.(自从石油输出国组织在3月同意减少原油供应, 原油的价格已经从去年12月的不到10美元一桶上升到约26美元一桶.) 2.1 OPEC石油输出国家组织(Organization of

Petroleum Exporting Countries) APEC亚太经贸合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)

2.2 supply-cuts=cut the supply 削减供应 cut=reduce 削减, 供应 supply and demand 供应和需求

3、This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and

1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.(这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年的恐慌, 当时油价上涨了4倍;以及1979―1980年的那一次, 当时的油价也上涨了近3倍)

3.1 double两倍 triple三倍quadruple[kwɑ'drupl]四倍

3.2 oil shock油荒 electricity [ɪ'lɛk'trɪsəti] shock电荒 labor shock用工荒 poor/excellent/outstanding

performance糟糕的/优异的表现 The performance of U.S. economy is satisfactory.

3.3 call up scary memories唤起了我们伤心的记忆 scar伤疤 scary可怕的, 引起恐慌的

4、Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.(前两次的石油恐慌都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球性的经济衰退)

4.1 previous=past以前的The previous three decades has witnessed dramatic changes in our country.

dramatic[drə'mætɪk] 戏剧的;急剧的;引人注目的;激动人心的

4.2 result in=lead to=give rise to=bring about=contribute to 导致, 造成

4.3 Her negligence contributed to the accident. negligence ['nɛɡlɪdʒəns]疏忽

4.4膨胀double-digit inflation两位数的通货膨胀inflation [ɪn'fleʃən]

5、So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?(那么这次警告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都到哪里去了呢?)

5.1 gloom and doom=bad days厄运, 悲惨,郁闷gloomy黑暗的,郁闷的 doom 宿命,命中注定

5.2 名词(组)+……1)从句 2)-ed… -ing… to … adj… prep…从句省略做后臵定语

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1、The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.(本周伊拉克暂停石油出口,这又一次推动着油价上扬)

1.1 suspended=stop [sə'spendid] 停止 1.2 被动语态翻译的时候不能有被字.

2、Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the

price higher still in the short term.(加快经济发展,随着北半球进入严冬,有可能在短期内使石油价格进一步上涨) 2.1 主语的形式 1)动名词 2)不定式 3)从句 4)it形式主语 5)名词和代词

2.2 strong强壮的, strength n.力量,力气, strengthen v.动词

2.3 in the short/long term 短/长期内 long-term effect/development/prospect 长期的效果/发展/前景

2.4 grape葡萄 grip 抓牢 still 进一步 at the same time同时 north, south, east and west

2.5 northern hemisphere ['hemɪsfɪə] 北半球 sphere地球,球体,领域 globe地球global 全球的

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1、Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s.(然而,我们有充分的理由预期这次油价暴涨带来的经济影响不会像70年代那么严重)

1.1 there are good reasons to expect that…我们有充分的理由预期…severe consequence 严重的后果

1.2 less severe 不那么严重 more severe更严重 severity 严重性 The general public should be made

aware of the severity of such practices.我们应该使人们认识到这种情况的严重性

2、In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in

the 1970s.(现在多数国家的原油价格占汽油价格的份额比70年代要小很多.)

2.1 share 份额 proportion 比例 percentage 百分比 petrol汽油

2.2 account for对…负有责任/做出解释导致;占(比例)Computers account for 5% of the country's

commercial [kə'mɜːʃ(ə)l] electricity consumption [kən'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n].电脑占了这个国家商业用电的5%.

3、In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of

crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.(在欧洲,税占了汽油零售价的4/5,因此,即使原油价格发生很大的波动,汽油价格所受的影响也不会像过去那么显著.)

3.1 four-fifths五分之四 retail price= pump prices零售价 rise sharply=increase dramatically猛增

3.2 have a muted effect on …… 对……几乎没有影响 have effect on=have impact on=have influence on

对……有影响 significant有重大影响little没有影响

3.3 mute哑的;沉默的;无声的 muted柔和的;无言的;趋缓的

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1、Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.(发达国家对石油的依赖也比从前要少得多,因此对油价的波动也就不会那么敏感.)

1.1 rice economies发达经济体emerging economies新兴经济体emerging country 新兴国家

1.2 sensitive敏感的 be sensitive to 对……敏感 swings in the oil price 油价的波动

2、Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive

industries have reduced oil consumption.(节能、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的降低,都减少了石油消耗.)

2.1 self-restraint自我约束,自制 emerge浮现;摆脱;暴露 energy conservation 节能 fashion conservation

measures制定环保措施 fuel 燃料,助长,促进 Sharing needles fuels AIDs diffusion [dɪ'fjuːʒ(ə)n]共用针头促进艾滋病传播 Confucius孔子 diffuse传播 confuse困惑 feel confused 感到困惑

2.2 energy-intensive industry能源密集型行业 auto industry汽车行业 textile industry纺织业 banking

industry银行业

3、Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production.(软件、咨询及移动通讯消耗的石油,比钢铁、汽车行业少得多) 3.2 environment friendly industry 环境友好型行业

3.1 consultancy [kən'sʌlt(ə)nsɪ] 咨询公司;顾问工作 consult 咨询

4、For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973.(发达国家国民生产总值中每一个美元所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半.)

4.1 GDP国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)

5、The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year,

compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.(国际经合组织在其最近一期的《经济瞭望》中估计,如果全年油价均价22美元左右,与1998年的13美元一桶相比,这仅仅会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%―0.5%.)

5.1 OECD经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)

5.2 outlook 观点,看法 world outlook 世界观 life outlook 人生观5.3 estimate估计,预测 predict=foresee

6、That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.(这还不到1974年或1980年收入损失部分的1/4.) 6.2 considerable loss 巨大损失 considerable profit 巨大利润

6.1 one-quarter四分之一 four-fifths五分之四 two-thirds三分之二 one-third三分之一

7、On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have

become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.(另一方面,由于重工业转移至一些新兴石油进口国,它们对能源可能更加敏感,也更可能会受到强烈影响.)

7.1 squeeze 挤压 affect 影响 influence影响 effect=influence=impact影响

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1、One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not

occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. (另外一个不应因油价上升而失眠的原因是,与70年代的上涨不同,这次油价上升的大背景不是普遍的物价暴涨及全球过旺的需求.)

1.1 excess [ɪk'ses] n.超过 adj.额外的excessive 过多的 excessive use of pesticide ['pestɪsaɪd] 过度使用农药 global excess demand 全球occur 发生 1.2 commodity-price inflation通货膨胀

2、A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.(世界上很多地区才刚刚走出经济衰落.) 2.1 portion=share份额 part部分 sizable相当大的 A sizable portion=a large part大部分

3、The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago.(《经济学家》的商品价格指数一年来总的来说没有什么变化.) 3.1 index 指数,指标indices 指数(复数形式)

4、In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.(1973年的商品价格跃升了70%,而1979年也上升了近30%.)

2002 Text 4

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1、The Supreme Court`s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks

to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. 最高法庭关于医生协助病人自杀问题的裁决,对于医学界寻求减轻病危者的痛苦,具有重要的意义。 carry important implications具有重要的意义

1.1 physician英 /fɪ'zɪʃ(ə)n/ 美 /fɪ'zɪʃən/n. [医] 医师;内科医师

1.2 implication英 /ɪmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ 美 /'ɪmplɪ'keʃən/n. 含义;暗示;牵连,卷入;可能的结果,影响

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1、Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the

medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects -- a

good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen -- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.尽管裁决认为,宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利,然而最高法庭实际上却认可了 “双效”的医疗原则,这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为,如果某种行为具有双重效果(希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果),那么,只要行为实施的目的是想达到好效果,这个行为就是可以被允许的。 in effect实际上;生效

1.1 constitutional英 /kɒnstɪ'tjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ 美 /,kɑnstə'tuʃənl/n. 保健散步;保健运动adj. 宪法的;本质的;体质上的;保健的

1.2 permissible英 /pə'mɪsɪb(ə)l/ 美 /pɚ'mɪsəbl/adj. 可允许的;获得准许的

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1、Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill

patients` pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. 近年来,医生们一直在借用这项原则,为自己替病危患者注射大剂量的吗啡镇痛的做法提供正当的理由,尽管他们知道,不断增加的剂量最终会杀死病人。

1.1 dose英 /dəʊs/ 美 /dos/n. 剂量;一剂,一服vt. 给药;给…服药vi. 服药

1.2 morphine英 /'mɔːfiːn/ 美 /'mɔrfin/n. [毒物][药] 吗啡

1.3 terminally英 /'tə:minəli/ 美 /'tə:minəli/adv. 最后;在末端;处于末期症状上;致命地

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1、Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until

now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that

might hasten death.” 蒙特非奥里医疗中心主任南希•道布勒认为,这项原则将保护一些医生,他们直到现在还坚持说,在大量药物可能加速病人死亡的情况下,他们总不能给病人开足够的药来帮助他们止痛。

1.1 director英 /dɪ'rektə; daɪ-/ 美 /dəˈrɛktɚ, daɪ-/n. 主任,主管;导演;人事助理

1.2 shield英 /ʃiːld/美 /ʃild/n. 盾;防护物;保护者vt. 遮蔽;包庇;避开;保卫vi. 防御;起保护作用

1.3 sufficient英 /sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt/ 美 /səˈfɪʃənt/adj. 足够的;充分的

1.4 hasten英 /'heɪs(ə)n/ 美 /'hesn/vt. 加速;使赶紧;催促vi. 赶快;急忙

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1、George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor

prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the

drug to hasten death. 波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治•安纳斯坚持认为,只要医生是出于合理的医疗目的开药,那么即使此药会加速病人的死亡,医生的行为也没有违法。

1.1 prescribe英 /prɪ'skraɪb/ 美 /prɪ'skraɪb/vt. 规定;开处方vi. 规定;开药方

1.2 legitimate英 /lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət/ 美 /ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt/adj. 合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的vt. 使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize)

1.3 hasten英 /'heɪs(ə)n/ 美 /'hesn/vt. 加速;使赶紧;催促vi. 赶快;急忙

2、“It`s like surgery,” he says. “We don`t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn`t intend to kill their

patients, although they risked their death. “这就像做手术,”他说,“尽管医生冒着病人死亡的危险,我们也不能称那些死亡为谋杀,因为医生并没有想杀死病人。

2.1 surgery英 /'sɜːdʒ(ə)rɪ/ 美 /'sɝdʒəri/n. 外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室

2.2 homicide英 /'hɒmɪsaɪd/ 美 /'hɑmɪsaɪd/n. 杀人;杀人犯

3、If you`re a physician, you can risk your patient`s suicide as long as you don`t intend their suicide.” 假定你是一名医生,只要你的目的不是让病人自杀,你就可以去冒你病人自杀的风险。”

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1、On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in

part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.另一方面,许多医疗界人士承认,致使医助自杀这场争论升温的部分原因是由于病人们的绝望情绪,对这些病人来说,现代医学延长了临终前肉体的痛苦。

1.1 debate英 /dɪ'beɪt/ 美 /dɪ'bet/n. 辩论;辩论会vt. 辩论,争论,讨论vi. 辩论,争论,讨论

1.2 fuel 英 /fjʊəl/ 美 /'fjuəl/n. 燃料;刺激因素vt. 供以燃料,加燃料vi. 得到燃料

1.3 despair英 /dɪ'speə/ 美 /dɪ'spɛr/n. 绝望;令人绝望的人或事vi. 绝望,丧失信心

1.4 agony英 /'ægənɪ/ 美 /'æɡəni/n. 苦恼;极大的痛苦;临死的挣扎

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1、Just three weeks before the Court`s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS)

released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life . 就在最高法庭对医助自杀进行裁决的前三周,全国科学学会公布了一份长达两卷的报告《临近死亡:完善临终护理》。

1.1 release英 /rɪ'liːs/ 美 /rɪ'lis/n. 释放;发布;让与vt. 释放;发射;让与;允许发表

1.2 volume英 /'vɒljuːm/ 美 /'vɑljum/n. 量;体积;卷;音量;大量;册adj. 大量的vt. 把…收集成卷vi. 成团卷起

2、It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that

may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 报告确定了医院临终关怀护理中存在的两个问题:对病痛处理不力和大胆使用“无效而强制性的医疗程序”,这些程序可能会延长死亡期,甚至会让病人临终时痛苦不堪。 2.1 identify英 /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/ 美 /aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ/vt. 确定;鉴定;识别,辨认出;使参与;把…看成一样 vi. 确定;认同;一致

2.2 ineffectual英 /ɪnɪ'fektʃʊəl; -tjʊəl/ 美 /,ɪnɪ'fɛktʃuəl/n. 无用的人;无一技之长者adj. 无效的,不起作用的;徒劳无益的 2.3 undertreatment英 /,ʌndə'tri:tmənt/ 美 /,ʌndə'tri:tmənt/n. 处理不足

2.4 dishonor英 /dis'ɔnə/ 美 /dɪs'ɑnɚ/n. 拒付;不名誉;丢脸vt. 使蒙羞;玷辱

2.5 twin英 /twɪn/ 美 /twɪn/n. 双胞胎中一人adj. 双胞胎的vt. 使成对vi. 成对;生双胞胎

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1、The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain

management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for

assessing and treating pain at the end of life.医疗行业正在采取措施,让年轻医生去晚期病人休养所培训,测试各种大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识,为医院护理制定一份医疗保障制度的条例,以及制定新的标准来评估和治疗病人的临终痛苦。

1.1 profession英 /prə'feʃ(ə)n/ 美 /prə'fɛʃən/n. 职业,专业;声明,宣布,表白

1.2 hospice英 /'hɒspɪs/ 美 /'hɑspɪs/n. 收容所;旅客招待所;救济院

1.3 management英/'mænɪdʒm(ə)nt/美/'mænɪdʒmənt/n. 管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段

1.4 therapy英 /'θerəpɪ/ 美 /'θɛrəpi/n. 治疗,疗法

1.5 billing英 /'bɪlɪŋ/ 美 /'bɪlɪŋ/n. 广告;记帐;开发票;演员表;总账款

1.6 code英 /kəʊd/ 美 /kod/n. 代码,密码;编码;法典vt. 编码;制成法典vi. 指定遗传密码

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1、Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better

care. 安纳斯说,在坚持让善意的医疗动机转化成更好的护理方面,律师可以发挥关键作用。

1.1 initiative英 /ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv; -ʃə-/ 美 /ɪ'nɪʃətɪv/n. 主动权;首创精神;新方案;倡议adj. 主动的;自发的;起始的

2、“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably

suffering,” to the extent(在某种程度上) that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” “不少医生对病人不必遭受的、可预见的痛苦无动于衷”,甚至构成“蓄意虐待病人”。 Predictably adv. 可预言地

2.1 systematic英 /sɪstə'mætɪk/ 美 /'sɪstə'mætɪk/adj. 系统的;体系的;有系统的;[图情] 分类的;一贯的,惯常的 needlessly英 /'ni:dlisli/ 美 /'ni:dlisli/adv. 不必要地;无用地

2.2 abuse英 /ə'bjuːz/ 美 /ə'bjus/n. 滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂

3、He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear… that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are

incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.” 他说,行医执照颁发机构“必须明确表明——病人痛苦地死亡可以被认为是由于医生治疗不当造成的,应当吊销其行医执照”。

3.1 medical英 /'medɪk(ə)l/ 美 /'mɛdɪkl/n. 医生;体格检查adj. 医学的;药的;内科的

3.2 licensing英 美 /'laɪsnsɪŋ/v. 许可;批准(license的ing形式)

3.3 board英 /bɔːd/ 美 /bɔrd/n. 董事会;木板;甲板;膳食vt. 上(飞机、车、船等);用板盖上;给提供膳宿vi. 寄宿 medical licensing boards医学许可部门 presumptively假设地

3.4 incompetently英 /in'kɔmpitəntli/ 美 /in'kɔmpitəntli/adv. 无能力地;不胜任地

3.5 suspension英 /sə'spenʃ(ə)n/ 美 /sə'spɛnʃən/n. 悬浮;暂停;停职

本文标签: 病人医生没有死亡油价