考研英语-必考点专题分析详解总结

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2024年1月22日发(作者：)

考研英语必考点专题分析详解

例证题

真题来源 2009英语Text 4

①We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders

were less well educated. ②While few craftsmen or farmers, let

alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be

analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully

intellectualized. ③Their thinking often had a traditional

superstitious quality. ④A tailor named John Dane, who

emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for

leaving England that is filled with signs. ⑤Sexual confusion,

economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in

a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the

first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words:

“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will

be your God and you shall be my people.” ⑥One wonders what

Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he

heard in Puritan churches.

39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New

Englanders were often ______.

[A] influenced by superstitions

[B] troubled with religious beliefs

[C] puzzled by church sermons

[D] frustrated with family earnings

题目解析

39. 解析：

题干中的the story of John Dane很明显是一个具体的例子，shows一词表明这是一道例证题，问的是这个例子所反映的观点。

John Dane的故事出现在第四段句④至句⑥，而按照西方人的写作习惯，观点一般都出现在例子的前面，因此我们重点看句③。

这句话指出，他们的想法往往带有传统的迷信色彩(Their thinking

often had a traditional superstitious quality)。“他们”指的就是句①中提到的并未受过良好教育的新英格兰人，刚好对应题干中的信息。

因此本题应选A，其中superstitions对应句③中的superstitious。

★破题点

例证题的解题原则只有一个，那就是例子支撑的永远是观点

干扰选项分析：

例证题最常见的干扰信息就是讨论例子本身，就事论事。选项B、C和

D分别针对本段句⑤中的religious hope、句⑥中的“sermons … in

Puritan churches”和句⑤中的economic frustrations设置干扰，它们都属于例子的细节信息，而不是例子要证明的观点。对于例证题，同学们在阅读选项时一定要尽量绕开直接谈论例子的选项。

真题来源 2017英语一Text 1

①Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security

procedures in return for increased safety. ②The crash of

EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the

Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. ③But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little

security in return undermines public support for the process. ④And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic

and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to ______.

[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks

[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide

[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports

[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection

题目解析

21. 解析：

本题是一道例证题，这种题型的解题思路只有一个，那就是例子支撑的永远是观点。

埃及航空804航班坠毁这个事例出现在第二段句②，而按照西方人的写作习惯，观点一般都出现在例子的前面，因此我们重点看句①。

该句指出，为了提升安全性，美国人愿意忍受费时的安检程序(Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security

procedures)。

因此，文中提及埃及航空804航班的坠毁是为了解释美国人为何愿意容忍当前费时的安检，故本题应选A，其中tolerance of current security

checks对应句①中的tolerate time-consuming security

procedures。

★破题点

例证题的解题思路只有一个，那就是例子支撑的永远是观点，也就是说，只有找到观点才能找到正确答案。

干扰选项分析：

本段讨论的是航空旅行安全方面的问题，选项B却将其放大为“全球安全”，与原文不符，故排除。

文中并未提及有必要对美国主要机场进行升级，选项C属于无中生有，故排除。

选项D针对本段句④中的private lives设置干扰，原文是说浪费的时间对美国人的个人生活是一种拖累(Wasted time is a drag on

Americans’ … private lives)，与“隐私保护”无关，故该选项与原文不符，故排除。

细节题

真题来源

2009英语Text 1

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting

our brains on autopilot and relaxing into the unconscious

comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the

unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.

In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit”

carries a negative implication.

So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context

as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have

discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we

create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can

jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of

habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously

developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try—the

more we step outside our comfort zone—the more

inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our

personal lives.

But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of

procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead,

the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create

parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.

“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with

wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But

we are taught instead to ‘decide’, just as our president calls

himself ‘the Decider’.” She adds, however, that “to decide is

to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is

always exploring the many other possibilities.”

All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,

she says. Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that humans

are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four

primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or

collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence,

however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving

only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable

during the first decade or so of life.

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis

and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our

innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the

major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do

anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This

Year I Will ... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie

that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing

what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates

excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.

21. In Wordsworth’s view, “habit” is characterized by being

_______.

[A] casual

[B] familiar

[C] mechanical

[D] changeable

22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new

habits can be _______.

[A] predicted

[B] regulated

[C] traced

[D] guided

23. 咦？题目呢不是细节题不配出现，直接跳过啦~

24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that _______.

[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind

[B] innovativeness could be taught

[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

[D] curiosity activates creative minds

25. Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standardized

testing _______.

[A] prevents new habits from being formed

[B] no longer emphasizes commonness

[C] maintains the inherent American thinking model

[D] complies with the American belief system

题目解析

21. 解析：

本题是一道细节题，根据题干中的Wordsworth定位到第一段

句③。这句话通过Wordsworth的一句名言“习惯支配着那些缺乏思考的人群(unreflecting herd)”体现出他对习惯的负面态度。由于这句话和句②之间没有出现转折，因此这两句话是相同关系，表达的观点一致。

句②提到，我们机械地(mindlessly)按照习惯行事，将大脑设置为自动驾驶模式(on auto-pilot)，并放松地进入熟悉的常规(familiar routine)所带来的无意识的(unconscious)舒适状态。

mindlessly、on auto-pilot、familiar routine、unconscious以及unreflecting herd这一系列单词都表明了习惯的特征：

缺乏思考，只选择自己最熟悉的方式，而且经常在无意识的状态下完成。选项C最符合这些词语的共性，且符合Wordsworth对习惯的负面态度，故正确。

干扰选项分析：

选项B“熟悉的”具有较强的干扰性。第一段句②中虽然出现了familiar

一词，但它是用来修饰routine (常规)的，也就是说，familiar routine才等于habit这一概念。如果将选项B代入题干，就会得到“习惯的特征是熟悉的”，显然说不通，故排除。其他选项不构成干扰，可轻松排除，故不再赘述。

22. 解析：

本题是一道细节题，题干中的Brain researchers在第二段句②中原词重现，the formation of new habits是对句中develop new habits的同义替换，因此这句话就是本题的定位点。

该句指出，大脑研究人员发现，有意识地培养新习惯(consciously

develop new habits)有利于创新思维的产生。紧接着第三段句①又提到，我们可以通过有意识地培养新习惯来引导自己的改变(we can

instead direct our own change by consciously developing new

habits)。

由此可见，人们可以有意识地去养成新习惯，即新习惯的形成是可以被引导的。故本题应选D，该选项是对原文consciously develop new

habits的合理概括。

干扰选项分析：

原文没有提到对习惯进行“预测”或“控制”这些信息，选项A和B都属于无中生有，故排除。

选项C由第二段句②中的paths和tracks这两个可以表示“路径”的词推理出新习惯的形成可以被“追踪”，但paths指的是大脑的神经通路，tracks意在表明有意识地培养新习惯有利于创新思维的产生，由二者不能得出新习惯的形成可以被“追踪”这一结论，故排除该选项。

24. 解析：

本题是一道细节题，根据题干中的人名定位到第五段。

句①指出，Dawna Markova认为创新所需的首要条件是强烈的好奇心(fascination with wonder)，因此选项D正确，其中creative minds对应原文中的innovation，curiosity则对应fascination with wonder。

干扰选项分析：

选项A针对第一段句②中的relaxing设置干扰，但这句话与Dawna

Markova无关，属于答非所问，故排除。

第五段句②指出，我们被教导去“做决定”，选项B却将其偷换为“创新力能够被教授”，和原文不符，故排除。第五段句①提到创新需要强烈的好奇心，选项C却说“果断源于新奇的想法”，也属于偷换概念，故排除。

25. 解析：

本题是一道细节题，根据题干中的人名和standardized testing定位到第七段。

句①提到，当前对标准化测试的重视导致很少有人会本能地使用创新和协作的思维方式(few of us inherently use our innovative and

collaborative modes of thought)。

句②和句③为Ryan对标准化测试的评价：它打破了美国信仰体系中的主要准则——任何人可以做任何事，助长了平庸。由此可知，这两句话其实是为了论证句①的观点的。

由于标准化测试忽视了创新能力，而培养新习惯有利于培养创新思维，因此标准化测试的推行阻碍了新习惯的形成，故本题应选A。

干扰选项分析：

本段句③明确指出标准化测试助长了平庸，选项B却说标准化测试的推行“不再强调平庸”，与原文相反，故排除。

句①表明标准化测试使得很少有人会本能地使用创新和协作的思维方式，即我们没有保持与生俱来的思维方式，选项C却说标准化测试的推行“保持了美国人与生俱来的思维方式”，也与原文相反，故排除。

句②指出标准化测试打破了美国信仰体系中的主要准则，选项D却说标

准化测试的推行“与美国的信仰体系一致”，是对原文的反向干扰，故排除。

本文标签： 习惯选项测试美国