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2024年4月1日发(作者：)
Need的用法
1. need 是英语中两个比较特殊的动词之一（另一个是dare），既是
及物动词又是情态动词。作情态动词用多见于英国英语中，而且仅用
在否定句和疑问句中。如：
肯定
否定
疑问
情态助动词
——
He needn’t go.
Need he go?
及物动词
He needs to go.
He doesn’t need to go.
Does he need to go?
2. need 作情态助动词通常不用在肯定句中（*He need go now.）, 但
在表示怀疑或否定概念的主句之后的宾语分句里或主语分句里，可以
用情态助动词的肯定形式。如：
I don’t think you/ he need go just yet.
I wonder if we need take sleeping-bags.
The only thing you need to do is (to) fill in this form.
(=You don’t need to do anything else。)
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.
情态动词need的肯定式主要用在正式文体中。在非正式文体中，need
作及物动词用也许更普遍。如：
I wonder if we need to take sleeping-bags.
I don’t think he needs to go just yet.
The only thing you need to do is (to) fill in this form.
3. need 没有过去、现在的时态区别。如果要表示过去时间可用“need
have + -ed分词”的结构。如：
Need you have told him about my plans?
You needn’t have told him about my plan.
据CGoEL, You need not have done it. 几乎等于You did not need to do
it. 但是，need have+-ed 分词结构隐含有与事实相反的意思，need to
的结构则没有。如下一句中，我们就不能用need not have said 来代替
did not need to say:
Anne was too nervous to reply, but fortunately she did not need to say
anything.
编者注：did not need to say anything 指Anne 并没有说任何的话。如果改为need not have said
则指Anne 说了话，但是不必要。
据PEU，needn’t have + -ed分词与didn’t need to的意思不一样（这与
CGoEL的说法有些不一样）。试比较：
She needn’t have hurried. (It wasn’t necessary to hurry, but she did.)
She didn’t need to hurry. (It wasn’t necessary to hurry; we don’t know
whether she did.)
I needn’t have gone to the station. (I made an unnecessary journey.)
I didn’t need to go to the station. (It was unnecessary to go—I don’t say
whether I went or not, but I probably didn’t.)
DCE持与PEU同样的观点：He needn’t have gone.这句话表示他去过
了，但He didn’t need to go. 这句话，我们不清楚他是否去过。
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