2021届高考英语核心词汇辨析与解析(三十五)

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2024年5月21日发(作者：)

2021届高考英语核心词汇辨析与解析（三十五）

1. example /ɪg'zɑːmp(ə)l; eg-/

n. 例子；榜样，样本

拓展

follow the example of 以……为榜样，仿效某人

for example 例如

set an example to 给……树立榜样

take example by 拿……做榜样，以...为例

例句

Can you think of any other examples?

你能想到别的例子吗？

串记

Let’s take Yuan Longping for example; he set us so good an example that we all should

follow his example.

我们拿袁隆平来举个例子。他给我们树立了这么好的例子，我们大家都要以他为榜样。

2. except /ɪkˈsept/

prep. 除……之外

拓展

except for若不是，除掉……一点之外，只有(是)

except that除……之外

exception n. 例外; 异议

exceptional a. 异常的，例外的

例句

All the students had the examination except me.

除了我之外所有的学生都参加了这次考试。

串记

Without exception, some of the exceptional examples made your composition wonderful

except for the handwriting.

毫无异议，除了你的拼写之外，你的不同寻常的例子使得你的作文很精彩。

3. exchange/ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ /

n．交换；交流，vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换

拓展

(1)exchange sth. for sth. 以某物换取某物

exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物

(2)in exchange for 交换(常用于give/get/receive后)

make an exchange 交换

exchange rate 汇率

exchange of views 交换意见

exchange student 交换生

例句

①May I exchange seats with you?

我和你调一个座位好吗?

②Many schools drop PE time to exchange for the time of academic courses.

许多学校放弃体育课时间交换学术课程的时间。

③We'll have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.

明天我们将有机会交换看法。

④He’s teaching me French in exchange for my teaching him Chinese．

作为我教他汉语的交换，他教我法语。

4. excuse /ɪkˈskju:s; ɪkˈskju:z/

vt. 原谅；宽恕；为……辩解；n. 借口；辩解，理由

拓展

Excuse me．对不起，请原谅，劳驾

excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

in excuse of 为……辩解

make an excuse of 替……辩解

例句

The naughty boy always has excuses one after another.

这个调皮的男孩总是一个接一个地找借口。

串讲

Excuse me, can you excuse me for making up an excuse.

对不起，你能原谅我编造了一个借口吗？

5. exercise /'eksəsaɪz/

[U] &v. 锻炼，运动；[C]体操；练习(题)；vt. 行使，运用

拓展

do exercises 做操/练习

do morning exercises 做早操；晨练

go in for exercise 参加体育运动

take exercise 作运动(指保持和增进健康的运动)

例句

If you don't take more exercises，you’ll get fat．你如果不多作运动，就会发胖。

串记

After finishing doing his exercises, he often takes exercise.

做完练习之后，他还要经常锻炼。

课后练习

Passage 1

Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained lab rats are not allowed

to sleep,they die within a month. 1

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that,while

awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强)connections between brain cells,but the

memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经

元)in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day.

3

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice

taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before

sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi’s theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a night’s sleep,we find it

harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room

for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the

synapses become team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed

the same size. 5 “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.

should also try to sleep well the night before.

’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

rly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.

processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi,who developed the idea.

’s team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.

Passage 2

Last Friday was a cold day, and the bus was due to come in about 15 minutes. So I

went to the nearby convenience store and came back to the station where a junior high

school girl was still there, 1 (wait) for the bus too. I gave her one of the two warm

cocoa 2 (can) I bought and we had a little talk 3 warming our hands with

the hot cocoa.

She 4 (have) her high school entrance exam in a week so I told her a few

encouraging words. I left her happy, she thanked me, and told me she wished

5 (see) me again. I smiled and thanked her very 6 (grateful), nodding

yes, the bus had already stopped and I had to hurry away.

We may never see each other again but I am grateful to her 7 saying "wish I

could meet you again" as 8 takes a strong will, and courage to accept an offering

from a stranger. That young girl helped me more than I could have helped her. I 9

(touch) with a memory and a reason to send all the kids 10 this very moment are full

of emotions and fears, wishes of good luck and many bits of love.

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