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List of screw drives(螺丝刀型号)/附PHILLIP 螺丝头规格
A screw drive is the system used to turn a screw.
[1]
At a minimum, it is a feature on the screw that allows for it to be turned.
Usually it also involves a mating tool, such as a screwdriver, that is used to turn it. The following heads are categorized
based on commonality, with the less common drives being classified as "tamper-resistant". Most heads come in a range of
sizes.
[edit]
Common types
[edit]
External types
All of these screw drives are characterized by a female tool and a male fastener.
[edit]
Square
A square screw drive uses square shaped fastener heads. They can be turned with a crescent-type wrench, open-end
wrench, or 8- or 12-point
[2]
sockets. Extremely common in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Less common today because
the hex has largely displaced it. It is still widely used on theatrical lighting equipment.
[edit]
Hex
A hex screw drive uses six-sided fastener heads. The fastener is known as a hex head cap screw. They can be turned with
a crescent-type wrench, combination wrench, or 6 and 12-point sockets. Better than square for locations where surrounding
obstacles limit wrenching access, because smaller wrench-swing arcs can be successful.
[edit]
Pentagon
A pentagon screw drive uses five-sided fastener heads. The fastener is known as a penta screw. They require a special
five-point socket in order to be turned. Water meter covers, natural gas valves, and electrical cabinets are commonly
secured with penta fasteners. It is also common in the U.S. for fire hydrants to have valves with a pentagon drive.
[edit]
Slotted types
[edit]
Slot
[3]
3
Slot drive tool and fastener sizes
0–1
in (2.4 mm)
32
⁄
1
Blade width
⁄
8
in (3.2 mm)
2
Fastener size
The slot screw drive has a single slot in the fastener head and is driven by a flat-bladed
screwdriver. The slotted screw is common in woodworking applications, but is not often
seen in applications where a power tool would be used because a power driver tends to
slip out of the head and potentially damage the surrounding material. The tool used to
drive a slot is called a slot-head, flat-tip,
[3]
or flat head.
[4]
5
3
1
5
3
7
1
⁄
32
in (4.0 mm)
⁄
16
in (4.8 mm)
⁄
4
in (6.4 mm)
⁄
16
in (7.9 mm)
⁄
8
in (9.5 mm)
⁄
16
in (11 mm)
⁄
2
in (13 mm)
3
4–5
6–7
8–10
12–14
16–18
18–24
[edit]
Cross
A cross screw drive has two slots, oriented perpendicular to each other, in the fastener
head; a slotted screwdriver is still used to drive just one of the slots. This type is usually found in cheaply made roofing bolts
and the like, where a thread of 5 mm (0.20 in) or above has a large flattened pan head. The sole advantage is that they
provide some measure of redundancy: should one slot be chewed up in service, the second may still be used.
[edit]
Cruciform types
See also: cross-slotted, Torq-set, and Phillips/square
The following are screw drives based on a cruciform shape, i.e. a cross shape. Other names for these types of drives
are cross-head and cross-point.
[edit]
Phillips
Created by Henry F. Phillips, the Phillips screw drive was purposely designed
to cam out when the screw stalled, to prevent the fastener damaging the work or the
head, instead damaging the driver. This was caused by the relative difficulty in
building torquelimiting into the early drivers.
The American Screw Company was responsible for devising a means of
manufacturing the screw, and successfully patented and licensed their method;
other screw makers of the 1930s dismissed the Phillips concept because it calls for
Phillips drive tool and fastener sizes
[3]
Tool size
0
1
2
3
4
0–1
2–4
5–9
10–16
18–24
Fastener size
a relatively complex recessed socket shape in the head of the screw — as distinct from the simple milled slot of a slotted
type screw.
There are five relatively common (and two rather uncommon) Phillips drive sizes that are different from the screw size; they
are designated 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 (increasing in size).
[3][5]
[edit]
Frearson
The Frearson screw drive, also known as the Reed and Prince screw drive, is similar to a Phillips but has a more pointed
75° V shape.
[6]
Its advantage over the Phillips drive is that one driver or bit fits all screw sizes. It is found mainly in marine
hardware and requires a special screw driver or bit to work properly. The tool recess is a perfect cross, unlike the Phillips
head, which is designed to cam out. It was developed by an English inventor named Frearson in the 19th century and
produced from the late 1930s to the mid-1970s by the former Reed & Prince Manufacturing Company of Worcester,
Massachusetts.
[edit]
French recess
French recess driver bit
This section requires expansion.
Also called BNAE NFL22-070 after its Bureau de Normalisation de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace standard number.
[edit]
JIS B 1012
The JIS B 1012 is commonly found in Japanese equipment. It looks like a Phillips screw, but is designed not to cam out and
will, therefore, be damaged by a Phillips screwdriver if it is too tight. Heads are usually identifiable by a single dot to one
side of the cross slot.
[edit]
Mortorq
The Mortorq drive, developed by the Phillips Screw Company, is a format used in automotive and aerospace applications. It
is designed to be a lightweight, low-profile and high-strength drive, with full contact over the entire recess wing reducing risk
of stripping.
[7]
[edit]
Pozidriv
Screws with the Pozidriv head.
The Pozidriv, sometimes misspelled Pozidrive, screw drive is an improved version of the Phillips screw drive. It is jointly
patented by the Phillips Screw Company and American Screw Company. The name is thought to be an abbreviation
ofpositive drive. Its advantage over Phillips drives is its decreased likelihood to cam out, which allows greater torque to be
applied.
[8][9][10]
In ANSI standards it is referred to as type IA.
[11]
It is very similar to, and essentially compatible with, the
Supadriv screw drive.
[12]
Phillips drivers have an intentional angle on the flanks and rounded corners so they will cam out of the slot before a power
tool will twist off the screw head. The Pozidriv screws and drivers have straight sided flanks.
The Pozidriv screwdriver and screws are also visually distinguishable from Phillips by the second set of cross-like features
set 45 degrees from the cross. The manufacturing process for Pozidriv screwdrivers is slightly more complex. The Phillips
driver has four simple slots cut out of it, whereas in the Pozidriv each slot is the result of two machining processes at right
angles. The result of this is that the arms of the cross are parallel-sided with the Pozidriv, and tapered with the Phillips.
This design is intended to decrease the likelihood that the Pozidriv screwdriver will slip out, provide a greater driving surface,
and decrease wear.
[8]
The chief disadvantage of Pozidriv screws is that they are visually quite similar to Phillips, thus many
people are unaware of the difference or do not own the correct drivers for them, and use incorrect screwdrivers. This results
in difficulty with removing the screw and damage to the slot, rendering any subsequent use of a correct screwdriver
unsatisfactory. Phillips screwdrivers will fit in and turn Pozidriv screws, but will cam out if enough torque is applied,
potentially damaging the screw head. The marker lines on a Pozidriv screwdriver will not fit a Phillips screw correctly, and
are likely to slip or tear out the screw head.
[edit]
Supadriv
The Supadriv (sometimes found incorrectly as "Supadrive") screw drive is very similar in function and appearance to
Pozidriv—indeed, the two are often thought to be identical—and is a later development by the same company. The
description of the Pozidriv head applies also to Supadriv. While each has its own driver,
[13]
the same screwdriver heads may
be used for both types without damage; for most purposes it is unnecessary to distinguish between the two drives. Pozidriv
and Supadriv screws are slightly different in detail; the later Supadriv allows a small angular offset between the screw and
the screwdriver, while Pozidriv has to be directly in line.
[12][14]
In detail, the Supadriv screwhead is similar to Pozidriv but has only two identification ticks, and the secondary blades are
larger. Drive blades are about equal thickness. The main practical difference is in driving screws into vertical surfaces: that
close to a near vertical surface to drive the screws into the drivers, Supadriv has superior bite, making screwdriving more
efficient, with less cam out.
[13]
[edit]
Robertson
Close-up of a Robertson screw
A Robertson, also known as a square,
[15]
screw drive has a square-shaped socket in the screw head and a square
protrusion on the tool. Both the tool and the socket have a taper to make inserting the tool easier. Robertson screws are
used mainly in Canada (where they are very common), though they can be found elsewhere.
[16]
Robertson screwdrivers are
easy to use one-handed, because the tapered socket retains the screw, even if it is shaken. They also allow for the use of
angled screw drivers and trim head screws. The socket-headed Robertson screws are self-centering, reduce cam out, stop
a power tool when set, and can be removed if painted-over or old and rusty. In industry, they speed up production and
reduce product damage.
[17]
Canadian P.L. Robertson invented the Robertson screw and screwdriver in 1908 and received a patent in 1909. An earlier
square drive wood screw patent, U.S. Patent 161,390, was issued to Allan Cummings on March 30, 1875.
Robertson had licensed the screw in England, but the party that he was dealing with intentionally drove the company into
bankruptcy and purchased the rights from the trustee, thus circumventing Robertson.
[citation needed]
He spent a small fortune
buying back the rights. Subsequently, he refused to allow anyone to make the screws under license. When Henry Ford tried
out the Robertson screws he found they saved considerable time in Model Tproduction, but when Robertson refused to
license the screws to Ford, Ford realized that the supply of screws would not be guaranteed and chose to limit their use in
production to Ford's Canadian division.
[18][19][20]
Robertson's refusal to license his screws prevented their widespread
adoption in the United States, where the more widely licensed Phillips head has gained acceptance. However, an alternative
explanation for this preference (that has even been aired on a History Television programme) is that Americans simply
preferred their own invention as opposed to the "foreign" Robertson screw. The restriction of licensing of Robertson's
internal-wrenching square may have sped the development of the internal-wrenching hexagon, although documentation of
this is limited.
Robertson-head screwdrivers are available in range of tip-sizes. A given driver's suitability for use with a particular size of
screw and recess size is indicated upon its handle according to the following color code:
Recess dimensions
[21][22]
Colour Screw types Fraction Range
Yellow (#0) No. 3 & 4 3/32 in.- 2.29–2.31 mm (0.090–0.091 in)
Close-up of Robertson drivers
Advertisement: “A Study in Evolution”
Illustration from Robertson's patent application
[edit]
Hex socket
Main article: Hex key
Hex socket screws
The hex socket screw drive has a hexagonal recess and is driven by a hex wrench, also known as an Allen key, hex
key or inbus. Tamper-resistant versions with a pin in the recess are available.
[edit]
Hexalobular socket
Main article: Torx
The hexalobular socket screw drive, more commonly known as the torx screw drive, uses a star shaped recess in the
fastener with six rounded points. It was designed to permit increased torque transfer from the driver to the bit compared to
other drive systems. Torx is very popular in the automotive and electronics industries because of resistance to cam out and
extended bit life, as well as reduced operator fatigue by minimizing the need to bear down on the drive tool to prevent cam
out.
Torx-Plus is an improved version of torx that extends tool life even further and permits greater torque transfer compared to
torx. A tamper-resistant torx head has a small pin inside the recess. The tamper-resistant torx is also made in a 5 lobed
variant. These "5-star" torx configurations are commonly used in correctional facilities, public facilities and government
schools, but can also be found in some electronic devices.
[edit]
TTAP
Main article: TTAP
TTAP is an improved hexalobular screw drive that reduces wobbling between the fastener and the tool. TTAP is backward
compatible with standard hexalobular tools.
[edit]
Combination drives
Some screws have heads designed to accommodate more than one kind of driver, sometimes referred to as combo-head or
combi-head. The most common of these is a combination of a slotted and Phillips head, often used in attaching knobs to
furniture drawer fronts. Because of its prevalence, there are now drivers made specifically for this kind of screw head. Other
combinations are a Phillips and Robertson, a Robertson and a slotted, a torx and a slotted, and a triple-drive screw that can
take a slotted, Phillips or a Robertson. The Recex drive system claims it offers the combined non-slip convenience of a
Robertson drive during production assembly and Phillips for after market serviceability. Quadrex is another
Phillips/Robertson drive. Phillips Screw Company offers both Phillips and Pozidriv combo heads with Robertson.
Combined slotted/pozidriv heads are so ubiquitous in electrical switchgear to have earned the nickname 'electricians
screws' (the first screwdriver out of the toolbox is used - the user does not have to waste valuable time searching for the
correct driver). Their rise to popular use has been in spite of the fact that neither a flat screwdriver or pozidriv screwdriver
are fully successful in driving these screws to the required torque. Some screwdriver manufacturers offer matching
screwdrivers and call them 'contractor screwdrivers', although the original concept of not needing to search for a particular
driver is defeated as a contractor screwdriver is useless for non-combination heads. Slotted/Phillips (as opposed to
slotted/pozidriv) heads occur in some North American made switchgear.
[edit]
Phillips/square
The Phillips/square screw drive, also known as the Quadrex or SPAX screw drive, is a combination of the Phillips and
Robertson screw drives. While a standard Phillips or Robertson tool can be used, there is a dedicated tool for it that
increases the surface area between the tool and the fastener so it can handle more torque.
[23]
[edit]
Tamper-resistant types
Most of the following screw drives are considered tamper-resistant because of their obscurity. The exceptions to this are
the breakaway and one-way screw drives that require special tools that destroy the fastener during removal. The first class
of tamper-resistant drives is commonly used on equipment such as home electronics, to prevent easy access, reducing the
incidence of damage or improper repair. Equally this can prevent people with the relevant knowledge from possibly
performing a repair without having to return the unit to the manufacturer.
[edit]
Breakaway head
The breakaway head is a high-security fastener whose head breaks off during installation to leave only a smooth
surface.
[24]
It consists of a countersunk flat-head screw, with a thin shank and hex head protruding from the flat head. The
hex head is used to drive the bolt into the countersunk hole, then either a wrench or hammer is used to break the shank and
hex head from the flat head—or it is driven until the driving head shears off, leaving only a smooth screw head exposed.
This type of screw is commonly used in prison door locks, automobile ignition switches, and street signs.
[edit]
Bristol
The Bristol screw drive is a spline shaped with four or six splines.
[25]
The grooves in the wrench are cut by a square-
cornered broach, giving a slightundercut to the outer corners of the driver. The main advantage to this drive system is that
almost all of the turning force is applied at right angles to the fastener spline face, which reduces the possibility of stripping
the fastener. For this reason Bristol screw drives are often used in softer, non-ferrous metals. Compared to an Allen drive,
Bristol drives are less likely to strip for the same amount of torque, however the Bristol drive is not much more strip resistant
than a Torx drive.
[citation needed]
It was created by the Bristol Wrench Company.
This type of drive is commonly used in avionics, higher-end communications equipment, cameras, air brakes, construction
and farm equipment, astronomy, and military equipment. A Bristol screw with a pin in the center is also used as a security
screw in the Playstation 3.
[edit]
Clutch
There are two types of clutch screw drives: type A and type G. Type A, also known as a standard clutch resembles a bow
tie. These were common in GMautomobiles, trucks and buses of the 1940s and 1950s. Type G resembles a butterfly. This
type of screw head is commonly used in the manufacture of mobile homes and recreational vehicles.
[edit]
Double hex
Double hex is a screw drive with a socket shaped as two hexes. It is shaped similar to triple square and spline screw drives,
but they are incompatible. Standard hex keys can be used with these sockets.
This version is even closer to a circle, further decreasing torque and increasing stripping.
[edit]
Line
The line screw drive is a Japanese system with male, female, and female tamper-resistant screw configurations. The
fasteners are commonly called line head screws. They are found on IBM computers and Nintendo systems. The female
sizes are designated: ALR2, ALR3, ALR4, ALR5, ALR6; the male: ALH2, ALH3, ALH4, ALH5, ALH6; and the tamper-
resistant female have a "T" at the end of the designation (e.g. ALR3T).
[1]
[edit]
One-way
A one-way slotted screw
One-way screws are special screws that can only be turned in one direction. They can be installed with a standard slotted
screwdriver. One-way screws are commonly used in commercial restroom fixtures, to prevent vandals from tampering with
them. One-way screws are only practical when the need for removal is unlikely. They cannot be removed with conventional
tools; instead a screw extractor is used.
[edit]
Pentalobe
The pentalobe screw drive is a five-pointed tamper-resistant system being implemented by Apple in its
products.
[26]
Screwdrivers to fit this design are still rare and hard to obtain.
[27][28]
Pentalobe screws were first used by Apple in mid-2009, holding the battery in the MacBook Pro; smaller versions are now
used on theiPhone 4 and the MacBook Air.
[edit]
Polydrive
The polydrive screw drive is spline shaped with rounded ends in the fastener head. The tool has six flat-tip teeth at equal
spacing; the sizes are determined by the diameter of the star points. Its primary advantage over older screw drives is that it
resists camming out. It is used primarily in the automotive industry in high-torque applications, such
as brakes and driveshafts.
[edit]
Proprietary head
There are specialty fastener companies that make unusual, proprietary head designs, featuring matching drivers available
only from them, and only supplied to registered owners.
[29]
These tend to be confined to industrial uses that are unavailable
to the average layperson. One example familiar to laypersons is the attachment for the wheels and/or spare tires of some
types of car; one of the nuts on each wheel may require a specialized socket, provided with the car, to prevent theft.
Security fasteners are also available for bicycle wheels and seats.
[edit]
Spanner
The spanner
[30]
screw drive uses two round holes opposite each other and is designed to prevent tampering. This type is
seen in elevators and restrooms in theUnited States. The driving tool is called a spanner wrench
[31]
in the U.S. and a pin
spanner in the UK.
[citation needed]
[edit]
Spline
The spline screw drive has twelve splines in the fastener and tool. Spline drives are sized via numbers. Its primary
advantage is its ability to resist camming out, therefore it is used in high-torque applications, such as tamper-proof lug nuts.
It is named after its resemblance to a spline used on shafting to transmit power.
[edit]
Torq-set
A set of torq-set bits
Torq-set is a cruciform screw drive used in torque-sensitive applications.
[32]
The Torq-set head is similar in appearance to a
Phillips drive in that it has a cross with 4 arms. In Torq-set however, the arms of the cross are offset from each other, so
they do not align to form intersecting slots across the top of the head. Because of this, a regular Phillips or flat-head
screwdriver will not fit the head. It is used in aerospace applications.
[32]
Phillips Screw Company owns the name and
produces the fasteners.
The applicable standards that govern the Torq-set geometry are National Aerospace Standard NASM 33781 and NASM
14191 for the ribbed version. The ribbed version is also known as ACR Torq-set.
[33]
[edit]
TP3
TP3 is a type of screw drive that uses a triangular recess in the screw head.
[34]
It is used on Nintendo, Gameboy, fast
food promotional toys and video games, die-cast toys and Roomba battery packs. There are four sizes: A=0.079", 0.091",
0.106", and 0.126".
[edit]
Tri-wing
A tri-wing tool and screw
The tri-wing, also known as triangular slotted, screw drive has three radial slots. It is usually used on electronics
equipment. Tri-wing, as the name suggests, is a screw with three "wings" and a small triangular hole in the center. A
variation is a kind where the three "wings" are joined in the center (with no triangular hole). It is commonly used
onNintendo products. A somewhat similar-looking design where three short radial slots are not joined in the center is called
a tri-groove screw drive.
[edit]
Triple square
Triple square, also known as XZN, is a type of screw drive with 12 equally spaced tips, each with a 90 degree angle. Its
name derives from overlaying 3 equal squares to form such a pattern with 12 right-angled tips. Common sizes are 6, 8, 10,
and 12 mm. Triple square drives are used in high torque applications, such as cylinder head bolts and drive
train components. Triple square fasteners are commonly found on German vehicles such as Audi, BMW, Mercedes,
and Volkswagen.
[35]
6 mm and 8 mm triple square drivers.
End view of 10 mm triple square screw.
[edit]
Protruding obstacle
Tamper-resistant external-torx driver
A protruding obstacle screw drive is a common modification to socket and cruciform style drives to make the fastener
more tamper resistant by inserting a pin in the fastener screw drive. The tool then requires a corresponding hole to drive the
fastener. Usually the hole is in the center, but some are slightly off-center.
[edit]
Alternate categorizations
There are various other ways to categorize screw drives. One way is by shape of the fastener screw drive:
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