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作者：jiangzz 电话：15652034180 微信：jiangzz_wx 微信公众账号：jiangzz_wy
路由是微服务架构不可或缺的一部分。例如/可能映射到您的Web应用程序，/api/users映射到用户服务,/api/shop映射到商店服务。 Zuul是Netflix的基于JVM的路由器和服务器端负载均衡器。
快速入门
pom引入zuul依赖
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
配置application.properties
server.port=8888
zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.url=http://localhost:8080
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
启动入口类添加@EnableZuulProxy注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulSpringBootApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulSpringBootApplication.class,args);
}
}
用户可以访问http://localhost:8888/users/manager/user/8系统底层会将用户请求转发给后台http://localhost:8080/manager/user/8服务。
实现服务负载均衡
修改pom.xml文件添加Eureka依赖
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
修改application.properties
server.port=8888
zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.service-id=USER-SERVICE
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
# 配置Eureka
eureka.instance.appname=ZUUL-EUREKA
eureka.instance.instance-id=001
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=10
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://jiangzz:123456@localhost:8761/eureka/
此时，用户可以尝试多启动几个USER-SERVICE的实例，测试zuul的负载均衡效果。
Cookies和Sensitive Headers
默认情况下Zuul会尝试去除HTTP请求头和cookies中一些信息，这样就导致后台系统获取不到某些请求头,用户可以关闭
server.port=8888
zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.service-id=USER-SERVICE
zuul.routes.users.sensitive-headers=
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
# 配置Eureka
eureka.instance.appname=ZUUL-EUREKA
eureka.instance.instance-id=001
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=10
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://jiangzz:123456@localhost:8761/eureka/
集成熔断failBack
Zuul中给定路径的电路跳闸时，您可以通过创建FallbackProvider类型的bean来提供回退响应。
@Component
public class ZuulFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
return "*";//表示对所有的Service提供failback
}
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
System.out.println(cause.getClass());
if (cause instanceof HystrixTimeoutException) {
return response(HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
} else {
return response(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
private ClientHttpResponse response(final HttpStatus status) {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return status;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return status.value();
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return status.getReasonPhrase();
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
return new ByteArrayInputStream("er ops!!服务器忙！".getBytes());
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
return headers;
}
};
}
}
ribbon重试
添加pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.properties配置服务
server.port=8888
zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.service-id=USER-SERVICE
zuul.routes.users.strip-prefix=false
hystrixmand.USER-SERVICE.execution.isolation.strategy=THREAD # 设置线程池隔离
hystrixmand.USER-SERVICE.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=10000 # 设置hystrix超时
zuul.retryable=true # 开启重试策略
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.ConnectTimeout=100 # 设置连接超时时间
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.ReadTimeout=500 # 设置响应时间
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.MaxAutoRetriesNextServer=1 # 如果连接失败，尝试其他机器的次数
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.MaxAutoRetries=2 # 如果本次失败尝试次数
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
management.endpoint.health.show-details=always
# 配置Eureka
eureka.instance.appname=ZUUL-EUREKA
eureka.instance.instance-id=001
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=10
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://jiangzz:123456@localhost:8761/eureka/
Hystrix限流
修改application.properties
server.port=8888
zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.service-id=USER-SERVICE
zuul.routes.users.strip-prefix=false
hystrixmand.USER-SERVICE.execution.isolation.strategy=THREAD
hystrixmand.USER-SERVICE.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=10000
hystrix.threadpool.default.coreSize=10 # 设置线程池
hystrix.threadpool.default.maxQueueSize=10 # 设置最大队列
hystrix.threadpool.default.queueSizeRejectionThreshold=10 # 设置最大队列限制
zuul.retryable=true
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.ConnectTimeout=100
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.ReadTimeout=500
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.MaxAutoRetriesNextServer=1
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.MaxAutoRetries=2
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
management.endpoint.health.show-details=always
# 配置Eureka
eureka.instance.appname=ZUUL-EUREKA
eureka.instance.instance-id=001
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=10
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://jiangzz:123456@localhost:8761/eureka/
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