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英二-2020-Text 3 摘自卫报《The Guardian》2019年7月的文章《It can’t be left to Europe’s cities to clean up noxious air》。
以下为个人解析,非官方公开标准资料,可能有误,仅供参考。(单词解释仅摘出部分词性和意思)
Paragraph 1
-
Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.
- 翻译:去年十一月,马德里因针对污染最重的车辆推出限制规定,而被誉为公共卫生的榜样。
- 解释:
Madrid
马德里hailed
v.
赞颂,原形hail
,也有招手、打招呼的意思public health
公共卫生,指关注和维护整个社会群体的健康和福祉的学科和实践roll out
推出,roll
v./n.
滚动ambitious
adj.
有雄心的restriction
n.
限制规定polluting
adj.
污染的,pollute
v.
污染
-
Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible termination.
- 翻译:七个月加上一个选举日之后,一个新的保守派市议会暂停了清洁空气区的实施,这可能会是其标杆身份终结的开端。
- 解释:
election
n.
选举later
adv.
以后conservative
adj.
保守的、保守派的council
n.
委员会,city council
市议会,指一个城市的行政机构,由选举产生的官员组成,负责处理该城市的政务suspend
v.
中止、暂停、暂缓enforcement
n.
执行、实施clean air zone
清洁空气区,指划定的特定地区(要求车辆达到一定的排放标准以确保空气质量的区域)termination
n.
终止,terminate
v.
中断、终止
-
Mayor José Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality.
- 翻译:市长在他竞选的核心中反对了该区域,尽管该区域成功地改善了空气质量。
- 解释:
mayor
n.
市长opposition
n.
反对centrepiece
n.
核心部分election
n.
选举,campaign
v.
运动、战役,即竞选despite
prep.
尽管improve
v.
改善quality
n.
质量a centrepiece of his election campaign
作为对zone的补充叙述/描述
-
A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them restored.
- 翻译:一位法官现在推翻了该市停止征收罚款的决定,并责令他们恢复罚款政策。
- 解释:
judge
n.
法官overrule
v.
(以权力) 否决decision
n.
决定,to stop levying fines
对“决定”的补充描述levying fines
征收罚款,levy
v.
征收,fine
n.
罚款、罚金order
v.
命令、要求restored
v.
还原
-
But with legal battles ahead, the zone’s future looks uncertain at best.
- 翻译:然而,随着法律纠纷的逼近,该区域的未来充其量只能算是一个未知数。
- 解释:
legal
adj.
法律的battle
n.
斗争ahead
adv.
前面uncertain
adj.
不确定的at best
最多、充其量
31)Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?
译:下列哪一个关于马德里的清洁空气空间的描述是对的?
[A] Its effects are questionable.
译:它的效果有问题。
[B] It has been opposed by a judge.
译:它被一个法官反对了。
[C] It needs tougher enforcement.
译:它需要更强硬的实施。
[D] Its fate is yet to be decided.
译:它的命运尚未清晰。
Paragraph 2
- Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.
- 翻译:马德里在清洁空气上的反复,是对欧洲各地(包括英国)在空气污染问题上采取的拼凑式、逐个城市的方法的局限性的明确提醒。
- 解释:
forth
adv.
向前、以后,back and forth
反复来回pointed
adj.
明确的、尖锐的reminder
n.
提醒limit
n.
限制patchwork
n.
拼凑物、拼缝物city-by-city
逐个城市approach
n.
方法,patchwork, city-by-city approach
拼凑式的方法,即每个城市都采取自己的措施来解决问题,而不是有一个统一的解决方案characterise
v.
描绘、以…为特征effort
n.
努力、活动(有组织的)very much included
起到了强调的作用,表示“英国”非常地、确实地被包括在内,在讨论的空气污染问题的处理方式上与其他欧洲地区相似,即都采用了这种城市逐个处理的方法。
Paragraph 3
-
Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable.
- 翻译:在诸多不足之处中,城市在独立应对空气污染问题时必须采取的措施往往存在政治争议,因此容易受到抨击。
- 解释:
weakness
n.
弱点,-ness
名词后缀,weak
adj.
虚弱的、无力的measure
n.
措施cities
n.
城市(复数),原形city
employ
v.
使用、雇佣left to
留下来去做什么,指某个人或组织被安排或强制独自承担某项任务或责任tackle
v.
处理、解决on their own
他们独自politically
adv.
政策地contentious
adj.
有争议的therefore
adv.
因此vulnerable
adj.
易受攻击的、易受批评的、脆弱的the measures (...) are politically contentious
该举措是有政治上的争议的
-
That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers — who must pay fees or buy better vehicles — rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
- 翻译:那是因为他们不可避免地将清洁空气的花销施加给开车的人(这些人必须支付费用或者购买更好的交通工具),而不是施加给那些真正造成有毒污染的汽车生产商们。
- 解释:
inevitably
adv.
不可避免地,inevitable
adj.
不可避免的,evitable
adj.
可避免的the costs of
…的花销,…的成本individual
adj.
个人的driver
n.
驾驶员,后面的两个横杠中间部分为对个人驾驶员的补充叙述,忽略后不会影响句意put ... on to ...
将…施加给…fees
n.
费vehicles
n.
交通工具(总称)rather than
而不是car
n.
小轿车manufacturer
n.
生产商、制造商,whose引导的从句到句号之前,是对生产商的补充描述cheating
n.
欺骗,原型cheat
v.
欺骗the real cause of
…的真正原因toxic
adj.
有毒的pollution
n.
污染
-
It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.
- 翻译:并不难想象一个发生在伦敦的相似的反转。
- 解释:
imagine
v.
想象similar
adj.
相似的reversal
n.
反转、颠倒
-
The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election.
- 翻译:新的极低排放区(Ulez),似乎会是明年市长选举中的一个大问题。
- 解释:
ultra-low
adj.
极低的,ultra-
前缀表示极端emission
n.
排放,emit
v.
散发、发射likely
adj.
可能的issue
n.
问题mayoral
adj.
市长的,mayor
n.
市长election
n.
选举
-
And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.
- 翻译:而且如果Sadiq Khan竞选成功,并按计划将Ulez扩大至北环路和南环路,那么必将引发大量受影响的驾驶员的强烈反对。
- 解释:
extend
v.
扩展the North and South Circular roads
指一个具体的区域范围intend
v.
打算、计划spark
v.
引发intense
adj.
强烈的,intensive
adj.
密集的opposition
n.
反对、抗议motorist
n.
司机,motor
n.
汽车、发动机,-ist
做某事的人affect
v.
影响、感染(核心意思)
32) What is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?
译:什么被考虑为城市级别解决空气污染的措施弱点?
[A] They are biased against car manufactures.
译:他们对汽车生产商有偏见。
[B] They prove impractical for city councils.
译:他们证明市议会(的决定)不现实。
[C] They are deemed too mild by politicians.
译:他们认为政客们太温柔了。
[D] They put the burden on individual motorists.
译:他们将负担丢到了个人驾驶员身上。
33) The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will ___.
译:作者相信伦敦Ulez的拓展会?
[A] arouse strong resistance —— 引起强烈反对
[B] ensure Khan’s electoral success ——确定Khan的选举的成功
[C] improve the city’s traffic —— 改善城市交通
[D] discourage car manufacturing —— 劝阻汽车生产
Paragraph 4
-
It’s not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless.
- 翻译:诸如Ulez这样的措施并非无用。
- 解释:
measure
n.
措施useless
adj.
无用的、无效的、无价值的
-
Far from it.
- 翻译:恰恰相反。
- 解释:实际与useless相去甚远
-
Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents’ health in the face of a serious threat.
- 翻译:面对严重的健康威胁,地方官员正在利用他们所能使用的手段来保护居民的健康。
- 解释:
official
n.
官员lever
n.
施压的行为、杠杆、操纵杆available
adj.
可用的safeguard
v.
保护、保障resident
n.
居民,s'
为s's
的常规缩写形式in the face of
面对serious
adj.
严肃的、严重的threat
n.
威胁
-
The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits.
- 翻译:这些区域确实改善了空气质量,科学研究告诉我们,那(改善的空气质量)意味着实质性的健康益处。
- 解释:
zone
n.
空间deliver
v.
不负所望、兑现、递送、传递、交付improvement
n.
改善、改进science
n.
科学- 在这句话中,“do”是一个助动词,用来强调主动词“deliver”。这种用法在英语中被称为“强调结构”(emphatic do)。当你想要强调某个动作确实发生了,或者想要反驳之前的否定陈述时,就可以使用这种结构。如果去掉“do”就变成了普通的陈述。
-
Fewer untimely deaths.
- 翻译:减少过早死亡。
- 解释:
fewer
adj.
更少的untimely
adv.
不合时宜地、过早地death
n.
死亡
Paragraph 5
-
But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.
- 翻译:但是市长和议员们在一个远大于任何城镇的问题上只能做这么多。
- 解释:
mayor
n.
市长councilor
n.
议员
-
They are acting because national governments — Britain’s and others across Europe — have failed to do so.
- 翻译:他们正在行动,是因为英国和其他欧洲国家政府没有这么做。
- 解释:
have failed to do
没有做
34) Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?
译:作者认为谁应该设法解决这个问题?
[A] Local residents. ——当地居民
[B] Mayors. —— 市长
[C] Councillors. —— 议员
[D] National governments. —— 国家政府
Paragraph 6
-
Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “ school streets”, even individual roads are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.
- 翻译:限制重度污染小轿车进入某些区域——市中心、“学校街道”,甚至个别道路——是对缺乏更大规模的行动来正确执行现有法规并要求汽车公司使其车辆符合规定的回应。
- 解释:
restriction
n.
限制法规certain
adj.
某某auto
n.
汽车absence
n.
缺席、缺乏、不在effort
n.
努力、有组织的活动properly
adv.
适当地enforce
v.
执行、实施compliance
n.
服从、遵从- 为了应对现有法规执行不力,政府采取了限制高污染小轿车进入特定区域——包括市中心、学校周边街道以及部分特定道路——的措施,作为对缺乏更全面行动的直接回应。
-
Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.
- 翻译:Wales引入了特殊的低速限制来最小化污染。
- 解释:
introduce
v.
引荐、介绍、引入minimise
v.
最小化
-
We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.
- 翻译:我们正在尽一切努力,但坚持要求制造商清理他们的汽车。
- 解释:
insist
v.
坚持manufacturer
n.
制造商
35) It can be learned from the last paragraph that auto companies ___.
译:从最后一段可以知道,汽车公司什么?
[A] will raise low-emission car production
译:将增加低排放汽车产量
[B] should be forced to follow regulations
译:应该强制执行规章制度
[C] will upgrade the design of their vehicles
译:将会升级他们的交通工具的设计
[D] should be put under public supervision
译:应该置于公众监管之下
后注:通过这篇阅读材料,明显发现考研的原文可能存在一定删改,比如对于一些超纲的单词,出题组会进行替换,同时也会删减一些专业性较强的单词(如第四段的第四句,最后就省略了多个医学专业疾病名词和词组),以减少对应试者的干扰。
本文标签: NEEP
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