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Chapter 2
:
Phonology
音韵学
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.
2.2. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meani
ng, they are said to be in complementary distribution.
3. 3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.
4.4. English is a tone language while Chinese is not.
5. 5. In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.
6. In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of i
nformation conveyed.
7. Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a s
peaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.
8. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, t
he mouth and the chest.
9. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.
10. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongu
e that is raised the highest.
11. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be cl
assified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.
12. V
owel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth
, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.
13. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vo
wels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.
14. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.
15. 15. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.
16. Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
17. 17. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound fo
r another results in a change of meaning.
18. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occ
urs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.
19. 19. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific.
20. Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more
phonemic segments.
III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best c
omplete the statement:
35
.
Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/ are the most flexible.
36
.
A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords
36.The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal
37
.
__________ is a voiced alveolar stop. A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D./b/
38
.
The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by
“
copying
”
a feature of a sequent
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