同等学力阅读理解练习及答案(4篇精选)

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2023年12月25日发(作者：)

同等学力阅读理解练习及答案（4篇精选）

Passage 1

Faith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per

person on health care any other nation. Whether we eat too

much ore exercise too little, whether we’re turning gray or

feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better.

We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will

bring us longer, healthier lives. But There is mounting evidence

that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system

brings small and diminishing returns to public health. Today the

US spends more than $4,500 per person per year on health care.

Costa Rica spends less than $300. Yet life expectancy at birth is

nearly identical in both countries.

Despite the highly publicized “longevity revolution,” life

expectancy among the elderly in the US is hardly improving. Yes,

we are an aging society, but primarily because of falling

birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to

be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are

people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly

130 percent, due primarily to overweight. Why has our huge

investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because

so many promised “miracle cures,” from Interferon to gene

therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly

it’s because health care dollars are so concentrated on the

terminally ill and the very old that even when medical

interventions “work,” the gains to average life expectancy are

small. And partly it is because of medical errors and adverse

reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than

motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly

200,000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening “adverse drug

evens” due to improper drug use or drug interaction.

Why don’t Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans?

Overwhelmingly, it’s because of differences in behavior.

Americans exercise less, eat more, drive more, smoke more, and

lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modern

medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by

the time most people come in contact with it, their bodies are

already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental

dangers and injuries.

ans in general believe that ___________.

money spent on health care may not result in better

health.

ne may provide an effective cure for various health

problems

problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved

by medicine

birthrate can better solve the problem of aging

society than medicine.

/doc/,pared

Americans, Costa Ricans__________

a healthier way of life

a longer life expectancy

more dependent on medicine

less concerned about their health

of the following is NOT a reason why health care

investment fails to bring a longer life?

reaction due to improper use of drugs.

nced distribution of health care money.

g prices of both drugs and new therapies.

with the

e of many highly-evaluated medical treatments.

is implied in the last paragraph that

ne should be taken timely before it is too late.

is reasonable to question the effectiveness of medicine.

health conditions leave little room for medicine to

work.

efforts should be made to develop new types of

medicine.

passage is mainly focused on _____.

limits of medicine

life hazards in the US

barriers to a longer life

problems in health investment

KEYS

BACCA

Passage 2

Just a few years ago, a graduate from Brown University

medical school had just a slight understanding about how to care

for the elderly. Now, Brown and other U.S. medical schools are

plugging geriatric courses into their curricula.

The U.S. Census Bureau projects the number of elderly

Americans will nearly double to 71 million by 2030. The first

members of the Baby Boomer generation, so named for the

explosion in births in the years after World War Two, turn 65 in

three years. In addition, people are living longer than ever.

“The first ripples of the silver tsunami are lapping at the

shores of our country, but there is not a coordinated or strategic

response taking place in America,” said Richard Besdine, who is

director of the geriatrics division at Brown University medical

school in Providence.

Geriatrics has never been a field of choice for young doctors.

Elderly care doctors are paid less than most other physicians and

surgeons and the aged can be hard to treat. They have

complicated medical histories and their ailments, even such

routine illnesses as pneumonia, can be more difficult to diagnose

because they may be masked by other conditions. Also, drugs

can affect them differently than middle-aged adults. “It’s a

hard job; it’s not paid very well; it’s complicated; and there’s

very little status within the hierarchy of medical specialties to

being a geriatric physician,” said Gavin Hougham, senior

program officer and manager of medicine programs at the John

A. Hartford Foundation.

Out of 800,000 doctors in the U.S., roughly 7,000 are

geriatricians, Hougham said. The country needs another 13,000

to adequately care for today’s older population, according to

the American Geriatrics Society. The shortfall could reach 36,000

by 2030.

To help counter that, private groups are bankrolling medical

schools’ emphasis on aging. The Hartford Foundation has given

more than $40 million to 27 schools to

train faculty in elderly care, and the Donald W. Reynolds

Foundation has given more than $100 million to 30 schools to

include more geriatrics content.

“If they don’t learn it, they still have to deal with it,”

Hougham said. “It’s not that not learning geriatrics will cause

these older people to go away. They’re coming whether we’re

ready or not.

does Richard Besdine mean in paragraph 3

large amount of the elderly has created a big problem

in America.

number of the elderly has been growing beyond the

capacity of America.

a is not ready to cope with the the number of the

elderly.

a is no the ideal place for the elderly to spend the

rest of their lives.

main point of paragraph 4 is ____

geriatric physician are paid less than other physicians.

doctors show little interest in being geriatric

physicians

are the major problems with the elderly care industry.

can be done to ensure the healthy development of

elderly care.

can be learned from the passage that in the U.S.,______

is a shortage of geriatric physicians

training is needed for geriatric physicians

for geriatric physicians varies across states.

for the elderly will depend more on geriatric

physicians.

fact that private groups have provided money to

medical schools _______

ghts the inadequacy of government support

izes the importance of more professional training

trates the increasing impact of private money

tes the growing awareness of the related problem

ing to Hougham, the challenge posed by the elderly

is

ary

B. universal

C. unavoidable

D. controllable

KEYS

CBADC

Passage 3

How many of today’s ailments, or even illnesses, are purely

psychological? And how far can these be alleviated by the use of

drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the

emotional problems of old people might improve their state of

mind somewhat by the use of anti-depressants but he would not

remove the root cause of their depression--the feeling of being

useless, often unwanted and handicapped by failing physical

powers.

One of the most important controversies in medicine today

is how far doctors, and particularly psychologists, should depend

on the use of drugs for “during” their patients. It is not merely

that drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal

harmful side effects (as happened in the case of anti-sickness pills

prescribed for expectant mothers) but the uneasiness of doctors

who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without

removing the disease itself. On the other hand,

some psychiatrists argue that in many cases (such as chronic

depressive illness) it is impossible to get at the root the illness

while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged

psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some

people can be lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs

within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they

have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause

of depression can be tackled better when the patient himself

feels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the

serious psychological illnesses. It does not solve the problem of

those whose headaches, indigestion, backache, etc. are due to

“nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to

some physical cause and as a matter of routine prescribe a drug.

Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the

disease itself.

It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that

over half of the cases that come to the ordinary doctor’s

attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the

situation is serious indeed.

author thinks that drugs used for treating

psychological ills______.

be ineffective in some cases

/doc/,ually have harmful

side effects

greatly alleviate the illnesses

remove the root causes

controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on_____.

r psychologists should use drugs to cure their

patients

psychologists should treat their patients

fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effects

extent t to which drugs should be used to fight

psychological illness

passage indicates that psychologists_____.

it impossible to remove a psychological disease

dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs

e that the root cause of a disease can be ignored

do nothing if the patient is in a depressed state

treating patients with psychological problem, some

doctors feel that they ______.

at a loss for treatment

no right to use drugs

to cure their patients by any means

use drugs to treat the symptoms

5.A family doctor would normally consider a headache or

backache as a result of _____.

A.A more serious disease

emotional problem

C.A physical disorder

ged work

KEYS

ADBDC

Passage 4

A report published recently brings bad news about air

pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health

as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine Chernobyl

nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal

Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city

people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns

out.

Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks

instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by

moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes. Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the

windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be

50 percent less than on the downwind side.

Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your

exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side

nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can

reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an

underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air

pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that

at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up

of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But

diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.

When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb

while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does

count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move,

fumes can be reduced in just a seconds. So holding your breath

for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might

sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during

rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year

also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their

lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest.

Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to

cause a build-up of pollutants.

’s the passage mainly about?

to fight air pollution in big cities.

to avoid air pollution in big cities.

to breathe fresh air in big cities.

serious air pollution is in big cities.

ing to the report, air pollution in big cities ____

be more serious than thee 1986 Ukraine Chernobyl

nuclear power disaster.

be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl

release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl

disaster

be more serious than we used to think.

you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the

side______.

the wind is coming

the wind is going

the wind is weaker

the wind is strong

is implied in the passage that _____.

should not take street level transportation

iron particles will not cause health problems.

pollution on an underground train is less poisonous

waiting to cross a busy street, you should ______.

a few seconds until the fumes reduce

away from the traffic as far as possible.

your breath until you get to the other side of the

street

down for the light to change

KEYS

BDACB

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