2017考研英语(一)(二)真题及答案(完整版)

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13.［A］highlighted［B］increased［C］controlled［D］minimized14.［A］presented［B］equipped［C］associated［D］compared15.［A］assess［B］generate［C］moderate［D］record16.［A］in the name of［B］in the form of［C］inthe face of［D］in the way of17.［A］attribute［B］commit［C］transfer［D］return18.［A］unless［B］because［C］though［D］until19.［A］remains［B］emerges［C］vanishes［D］decreases20.［A］experiences［B］combines［C］justifies［D］influences【答案】1—5 ACBAD 6—10 ADCDC 11—15 DBBCB 16—20 CABADSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch adomestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security ans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash ofEgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminderof why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support forthe process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators wereable to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced securitymeasures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, haveresulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much moreeffective airline security has become — but the lines are of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushingto get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Anotherfactor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though theairlines strongly dispute is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more peoplein the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass abackground check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who arehigher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every fiveyears to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.

years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal ng reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congressshould look into doing so directly, byhelping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffersin unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_________.[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_________.[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_________.[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best titlefor the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety.[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution.[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines.

[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes.【答案】21—25 CCADCText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Starwatchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy inHawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory thatpromises to revolutionize humanity's view of the issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as thepikothat connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's mostpowerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's denseatmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed tion to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalistshave long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what wasonce a sovereign blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, theyforgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection ofMauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； itis a living culture undergoing a renaissance science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find whatlies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explorethe heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the realitythat astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from andwhere we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to knowourselves and our true ancestral astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen tominimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit thenumber of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to anatural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritageand to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_________.[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_________.[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.

[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_________.[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy_________.[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_________.[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】26—30 ABBADText 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timelymoment to assess what he was referring question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is aflawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’sGDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everythingwas going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do totheir country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth istranslated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets ofcriteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessmentof how countries are all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been abudding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor Europeancountries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.

countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’ssuccess, the world looks very what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring theeconomic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such asenvironmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a person’s sense of sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services wedepend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather thansimply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_________.[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_________.[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_________.[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?

[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson.[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health.[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being.【答案】31—35 CBDCAText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginiagovernor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included acceptinggifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “officialacts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is notcorruption, the justices court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging ameeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowedto help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compactunderlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officialswill hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality ofaccess to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetingssimply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requireswill-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informationabout each elected leader’s source of tism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officialsmust avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can bebought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Goodgovernment rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court_________.[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves_________.

37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves_________.[A] concrete returns for gift-givers[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are_________.[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to_________.[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is_________.[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.【答案】36—40 CCABDPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize theseparagraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the listA-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs Band Dhave been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poiar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in thepages of The Monthly MagazineFrom then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The EveningChronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were

[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There werePickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthlyinstallments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated theidea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate hisown story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a Drawing Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the Change, went into his backyard, and expressed hisdispleasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in bookform in 1837.[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th ist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture thepanorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himselfshorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time,Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submittedshort sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay officea respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper,possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’ mothersupposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’ birth, his mother’s father was caughtstealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 towork in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the younggentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in theblacking factory formedDickens’s greatest wound and became hisdeepest could not confined them even to hiswife, although theyprovide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan’s progress from theworkhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of OliverTwistwith the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens’ as a nationally andinternationally celebrated man of letters.【答案】41—45 FEACGPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously beencontinuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of thelanguage may fade within the foreseeable x international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position ofEnglish as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of Englishusage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented byDavid Graddol.

7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated[答案][C] working8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute[答案][A] explanation9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among[答案][D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside[答案][C] worry about11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically[答案][C] necessarily12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles[答案][B] downsides13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course[答案][A] absence14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield[答案][D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship[答案][C] virtue16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce[答案][D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats[答案][A] demands18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved[答案][B] tired19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into[答案][D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

[答案][B] professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrunphenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents； their times range fromAndrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an n is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced thatthe Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Gameswould be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier andproduce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million inthe run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at anaccelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearlyhalved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to“inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers is not a race but a time trial： Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is asmuch joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympicbidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim wasmixed up： The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for , there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be gettinginvolved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis andnetball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments havepresided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport ineducation. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sportto thrive. Or at least not make them ing to Paragraph1, Parkrun has ______.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival[答案][A] gained great author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to ______.[A] boost population growth

[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools[答案][B] promote sport n is different from Olympic games in that it ______.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers[答案][C] does not emphasize regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should ______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities[答案][D] invest in public sports author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is ______.[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic[答案][B] criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech isdesigned to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there topromote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testingexercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percentfewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a sourceof tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for

of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids fortheir s are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank andunresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the y cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, amother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them anyvisual social feedback； The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to beresponsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children： “It’s based on asomewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screendoesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply havea break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some workout of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the ing to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency[答案][B] absorb user y’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication[答案][D] reduces mother-child y’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs[答案][D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.

oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens[答案][C] ensure constant interaction with their ing to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive[答案][A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in afast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, ifeveryone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it？ And after going toschool for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear offalling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduateschool, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder thesuccess of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances s from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared forand perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them aheadby preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-yearstudents often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to collegeand being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather thanacclimation you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impacton future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of collegestudents end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high schoolcurriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, butswitching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it canbe costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have tocomplete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figurethings out initially can help prevent stress and save money later of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that ______.[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college

[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses[答案][C] it feels strange to do differently from s from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps ______.[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures[答案][D] relieve freshmen of word “acclimation” （Line 8, Para. 3） is closest in meaning to ______.[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition[答案][A] adaptation34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them ______.[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major[答案][D] decide on the right most suitable title for this text would be ______.[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year：A Dilemma

[答案][A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern becauseof its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are goingtowards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, andinfrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all r nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-pronedistricts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire？“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take amagnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK？” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrateon lower-hazard parts of the landscape？”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been onclimate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing torecognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of theproblem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out ofnecessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in humanlife is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and teaseout what is the human connection with fire today.” frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they ______.[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure[答案][B] consumed a record-high percentage of calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to ______.[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape

[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds[答案][D] guarantee safer spending of public admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that ______.[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place[答案][C] other factors should not be overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to ______.[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature[答案][D] understand the interrelations of man and sor Balch points out that fire is something man should ______.[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from[答案][B] come to terms withPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in theright column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anythinganymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing t question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise

questions about whether new shocks could hit there is also a different way to look at the the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge： instead of having too many workers, theymay end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replacetens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, otherindustries are recruiting them with similar or better factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder tofind and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They maybe coming into the workforce, but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well asmanufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980,Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has threecommunity-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to$17 after two a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying toassemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at highschool he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I lovecreating.” he to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle： parents, who lived throughthe worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remembertheir father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chiefexecutive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western concerns aren’t misplaced：Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages areappearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a businessprofessor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other placeswhere you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing：a worklifebalance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractiveto this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.41. Jay Deuwell[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.42. Jason Stenquist[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs44. Rob Parks[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.[F] points out that aworklife balance can attract young people into manufacturing.

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