词语的翻译

admin管理员组

文章数量:1531659

2024年6月7日发(作者：)

Teaching Plan for Translation

◇Title of Lesson: Diction in Translation Week

◇Time Needed：four periods（45 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Help the students to choose words in translation

2．Help students to grasp the procedure of Chinese- word translation

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．The procedure in Chinese- word translation

2．Let students grasp the principles of Chinese- word translation

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．The procedure of Chinese- word translation

2．The principles of Chinese- word translation

◇Teaching Contents:

I. 基于汉语词语的特点，翻译汉语词语遵循以下基本要求：

1）确切：这个人私贩鸦片。（secretly sell?）This man is a trafficker of opium.

(Trafficker: some one who buys and sells illegal goods, especially drugs做非法买卖的人，

尤指毒品贩子 from LDCE)

2）简洁：他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。They talked on and on (without stopping.)

3）生动：他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。After all, he survived the press conference.

公共汽车为人们去长城参观提供了方便。Buses provide easy access to the Great

Wall. (more vivid than “provide convenience for…)

II. 汉译英时如何使译文准确

汉英用词都比较讲究，同时他们之间又有相当的差异，这缘于文化、语言、习惯等，

翻译时必须根据实际情况，作出恰当的选择，掌握词的搭配。为了确保译文的质量，词

语的准确处理通常包括以下几个步骤：

一、正确理解词语意义

1) 单

名单 name list 菜单 menu 床单 bed sheet

账单 bill 保险单 an insurance policy covering theft and fire

订阅单 subscription form 剧院节目单 a theatre program 传单 leaflet

2) 吃

1.这药一天吃三次。 The medicine is to be taken three times a day.

2.牛群在大声地嚼吃着饲料。 The cattle were munching their fodder.

3.那人一口气吃完了一碗稀饭。 The man gulped down a bowl of porridge.

4.我们匆匆地吃了几口饭就继续前进了。We bolted a few mouthful of food and hurried on.

5.那饥饿的孩子狼吞虎咽地吃完了饭。 The hungry boy devoured (wolfed) his dinner.

6.我总吃不惯生冷的东西。 Cold and raw things never agree with me.

7.我不是特别爱吃生蒜。 I am not especially fond of raw garlic.

8.这碗饭不容易吃。This is a hard way to earn a living./ It is hard to live by this profession.

1

9.这孩子还不会自己吃饭。 The baby can’t feed itself yet.

10.他像只癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉。 He is like a toad trying to swallow a swan.

11. 这种蘑菇吃得，那种吃不得。 This kind of mushroom is edible but that kind is not.

12. 他从小吃鸡蛋吃伤了。

He ate so many eggs in his childhood that he is fed up with them now.

13.她很爱吃甜食。 She has a sweet tooth.

14. 我戒烟的时候，我老婆倒是吃了不少苦。

It was my wife who suffered terribly while I was quitting smoking/cigarettes.

15. 靠山吃山，靠水吃水。

If you live on a mountain, you live off the mountain; if you live by the water, you live off the

water.

16. 患了痢疾不能吃生冷油腻食物。

People suffering from dysentery should avoid raw, cold or rich food.

还有：吃老本( to live on one’s own fat), 吃闲饭( to live like a parasite)

不能够字字死译，要考虑英语的含义。

潜规则 potential rules? No. Unwritten/unspoken rules

婚姻介绍所 marriage-introducing agency? No. a dating agency.

户主 the owner of the household? No. the head of the household or the householder.

为了多积攒点钱买房子，他们省吃俭用。

They live frugally to accumulate more money to buy a house.

* They save food and expenses to ---

对于各家火锅店来说，羊肉大同小异，主要文章都在小料里头。

To every hot-pot restaurant, mutton is pretty much the same, and what differs is their sauce

and ingredients.

二、将词语意义明确化

1.发展才是硬道理。

Development is the absolute principle. / Development is an overwhelming task./

Development is of overriding importance.

“硬”译成primary， basic，Major，cardinal都不为错，但是都过于模糊，不如absolute

语义更窄、更强一些，目的是进一步强调发展的重要性。

2.依法查办大案、要案，惩处一批腐败分子。

Major and key criminal cases were handled timely in accordance with the law and a number

of corrupt officials were punished. ( elements 不够准确)

三、注意词义的褒贬

1. 他们讲唯心论，我们讲唯物论。

They preach idealism whereas we advocate materialism.

2. 我们应该从这里得出一条经验，就是不要被假象所迷惑。

We should draw a lesson here: Don’t be misled by false appearances. ( successful experience

不妥)

3. 钱学森在美国受到迫害和诬陷的消息很快传回国内，新中国震惊了。

The new China was amazed(应该改为shocked) when the news got home that Qian Xueshen

was being persecuted and framed in the U.S.A.（shock: to make sb. feel very surprised and

upset, and unable to believe what has happened使震惊，使惊愕，使难以置信 来自朗文当

代词典，可见看英文注释的重要性）

2

本文标签： 词语发展翻译