表面缺陷中英文对照

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2024年6月22日发(作者：)

4 Specific types of surface imperfections

4.1

Recession 凹缺陷

inwardly directed surface imperfection

向内的缺陷。

4.1.1

Groove 沟槽

surface imperfection which is a longitudinal recession with a rounded or flat bottom

具有一定长度的、底部圆弧形的或平的凹缺陷。

4.1.2

Scratch 擦痕

surface imperfection which is a recession of irregular shape and unspecified direction

形状不规则和没有确定方向的凹缺陷。

4.1.3

Crack 破裂

linear recession with a sharp bottom resulting from a disturbance of the integrity of the surface, and of the parent material

of the workpiece

由于表面和基体完整性的破损造成具有尖锐底部的条状缺陷。

4.1.4

Pore 毛孔

cavity of very small size with steeply sloping walls and, normally, sharp edges, where the upper edges of the cavity are

not higher than the tangential reference surface

尺寸很小、斜壁很陡的孔穴，通常带锐边，孔穴的上边缘不高于基准面的切平面。

4.1.5

Blowhole 砂眼

surface imperfection in the form of a single recession resulting from the loss of foreign particles, from etching or from the

effect of gas

由于杂粒失落、侵蚀或气体影响形成的以单个凹缺陷形式出现的表面缺陷。

4.1.6

shrinkage hole 缩孔

recession caused by shrinkage during solidification of a casting, a weld, etc.

铸件、焊缝等在凝固时，由于不均匀收缩所引起的凹缺陷。

4.1.7

Fissure 裂缝

Chink 缝隙

Crevice 裂隙

sharp, cleft-like, irregular opening of small depth

条状凹缺陷，呈尖角形，有很浅的不规则开口。

4.1.8

Wane 缺损

imperfection in the form of a rounded-off part at the intersection of two workpiece surfaces

在工件两个表面的相交处呈圆弧状的缺陷。

4.1.9

(concave) buckle （凹面）瓢曲

recession on the surface of sheet material caused by local bending

板材表面由于局部弯曲形成的凹缺陷。

4.1.10

Dent 窝陷

hollow with no raised portion, often caused by plastic deformation resulting from an impression or blow

无隆起的凹坑，通常由于压印或打击产生塑性变形而引起的凹缺陷。

4.2

Raising 凸缺陷

outwardly directed surface imperfection

向外的缺陷。

4.2.1

Wart 树瘤

ridge-like or hill-like elevation of small size and limited height

小尺寸和有限高度的脊状或丘状凸起。

4.2.2

Blister 疱疤

local convexity caused by a subsurface inclusion of gas or liquid

由于表面下层含有气体或液体所形成的局部凸起。

4.2.3

(convex) buckle （凸面）瓢曲

raising on the surface of sheet material caused by local bending

板材表面由于局部弯曲所形成的拱起。

4.2.4

Scale 氧化皮

flake-like, partially, detached raising of small thickness, resulting from flaking of the surface layer, which is of a different

composition than the parent material

和基体材料成分不同的表皮层剥落形成局部脱离的小厚度鳞片状凸起。

4.2.5

Inclusion 夹杂物

particle of foreign material embedded in the workpiece material

嵌入工件材料里的杂物。

4.2.6

Burr 飞边

raised sharp edge, frequently with a wane on the opposite side

表面周边上尖锐状的凸起，通常在对应的一边出现缺损。

4.2.7

Flash 缝脊

ridge of workpiece material either expelled from the gap between mould parts or die parts when forming (die casting,

forging, etc.) or formed perpendicular to the direction of pressure when resistance welding two surfaces (upset welding,

flash welding, etc.)

工件材料的脊状凸起，是由于模铸或模锻等成形加工时材料从模子缝隙挤出，或在电阻焊接两表面（电阻对焊、熔化对焊

等）时，在受压面的垂直方向形成。

4.2.8

Deposits 附着物

build-up on a workpiece either of foreign material or of material from another workpiece

堆积在工件上的杂物或另一工件的材料。

4.3

combined surface imperfection 混合表面缺陷

partially inwardly and partially outwardly directed surface imperfection

部分向外和部分向内的表面缺陷。

4.3.1

Crater 环形坑

hollow with a circular contour and raised edges resembling the mouth of a volcano; the edges are higher than the

reference surface cf. dent (4.1.10)

环形周边隆起、类似火山口的坑，它的周边高出基准面参见4.1.10.

4.3.2

Lap 折叠

tongue-like raising of small thickness, often in the form of a seam, caused by folding over of material and forcing it into

the surface when rolling, forging, etc.

微小厚度的蛇状隆起，一般诚皱纹状，是滚压或锻压时的材料被褶皱压向表层所形成。

4.3.3

Scoring 划痕

imperfection in the form of successive recessions and raisings caused by the expulsion of workpiece material owing to

the movement of a foreign body

由于外来物移动，划掉或挤压工件表层材料而形成的连续凹凸状缺陷。

4.3.4

chip rest 切屑残余

band-like raisings resulting from poor chip removal

由于切屑去除不良引起的带状隆起。

4.4

area imperfections 区域缺陷

appearance imperfections 外观缺陷

scattered imperfections in the outermost surface layer, often without sharp contours and often without practicably

measurable depth or height

散布在最外层表面，一般没有尖锐的轮廓，且通常没有实际可测量的深度或高度。

4.4.1

Skidding 滑痕

surface damage of, for example, ball bearings, rollers and races of bearings, of silvery frosted appearance, which occurs

on discrete areas of the surface and is caused by intermittent overloading

由于间断性过载在表面上 不连续区域出现，如球轴承、滚珠轴承和轴承座圈上形成的雾状表面损伤。

4.4.2

Erosion 腐蚀

surface damage due to the physical destruction or wear of the surface

由于物理性破坏或磨损而造成的表面损伤。

4.4.3

Corrosion 腐蚀

surface damage due to the chemical destruction of the surface

由于化学性破坏造成的表面损伤。

4.4.4

Pitting 麻点

imperfection in the form of pits and small holes, often of large depth, dispersed over a large area of the surface

在表面上大面积分布，往往是深的凹点状和小孔状缺陷。

4.4.5

Crazing 裂纹

imperfections in the form of a network of cracks on a surface

表面上呈网状破裂的缺陷。

4.4.6

Spot 斑点

Patch 斑纹

area which differs visually from the adjacent surface

外观与相邻表面不同的区域。

4.4.7

Discoloration 褪色

discoloured area on a surface 表面上脱色或颜色变淡的区域。

4.4.8

Streak 条纹

band-like recessed area generally of small depth, or area having a different surface texture

深度较浅的呈带状的凹陷区域，或表面结构呈异样的区域。

4.4.9

Cleavage 劈裂

Flaking 鳞片

imperfection resulting from partial separation of a portion of the workpiece surface layer

局部工件表层部分分离所形成的缺陷。

Alphabetical index

A I T

area and appearance imperfection, surface 2.4 total surface imperfection area

imperfections 4.4 inclusion 4.2.5 3.6

B L W

blister 4.2.2 lap 4.3.2 wane 4.1.8

blowhole 4.1.5 wart 4.2.1

buckle, concave 4.1.9 N

buckle, convex 4.2.3 number of surface imperfections

burr 4.2.6 per unit area 3.8

C P

chink 4.1.7 patch 4.4.6

chip rest 4.3.4 pitting 4.4.4

cleavage 4.4.9 pore 4.1.4

combined surface imperfection 4.3

combined surface imperfection R

depth 3.3.1 raising 4.2

combined surface imperfection recession 4.1

height 3.4.1 reference surface 2.1

(concave) buckle 4.1.9

(convex) buckle 4.2.3 S

corrosion 4.4.3 scale 4.2.4

crack 4.1.3 scoring 4.3.3

crazing 4.4.5 scratch 4.1.2

crater 4.3.1 shrinkage hole 4.1.6

crevice 4.1.7 single surface imperfection depth

3.3

D single surface imperfection

dent 4.1.10 height 3.4

deposits 4.2.8 skidding 4.4.1

discoloration 4.4.7 spot 4.4.6

streak 4.4.8

E surface imperfection 2.4

erosion 4.4.2 surface imperfection evaluation

area 2.2

F surface imperfection length 3.1

fissure 4.1.7 surface imperfection number 3.7

flaking 4.4.9 surface imperfection width 3.2

flash 4.2.7 surface texture 2.3

G

groove 4.1.1

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