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Linux恢复误删文件
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如果你没有按照建议管理数据并且已经删除完毕了，想要找救命稻草，听我的，赶紧跑路吧！
1、服务器数据管理建议遵循的几项规则
- 1、系统设备和数据设备分开，重要数据不要放在系统分区，方便卸载恢复系统和数据，底层硬件一定要使用raid0之外的磁盘阵列
- 2、数据修改和删除前，如有必要必须备份，小文件直接使用mv命令将[filename|dirname]改为[filename|dirname].back或.orig
- 3、rm前保存文件路径和md5值，方便数据恢复之后的文件名和路径恢复
2、Linux误删除文件的恢复
安装testdisk磁盘恢复工具
yum install epel-release -y
yum install testdisk -y
testdisk工具的help
# testdisk --help
TestDisk 7.1, Data Recovery Utility, July 2019
Christophe GRENIER <grenier@cgsecurity>
https://www.cgsecurity
Usage: testdisk [/log] [/debug] [file.dd|file.e01|device]
testdisk /list [/log] [file.dd|file.e01|device]
testdisk /version
/log : create a testdisk.log file
/debug : add debug information
/list : display current partitions
TestDisk checks and recovers lost partitions
It works with :
- BeFS (BeOS) - BSD disklabel (Free/Open/Net BSD)
- CramFS, Compressed File System - DOS/Windows FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32
- XBox FATX - Windows exFAT
- HFS, HFS+, Hierarchical File System - JFS, IBM's Journaled File System
- Linux btrfs - Linux ext2, ext3 and ext4
- Linux GFS2 - Linux LUKS
- Linux Raid - Linux Swap
- LVM, LVM2, Logical Volume Manager - Netware NSS
- Windows NTFS - ReiserFS 3.5, 3.6 and 4
- Sun Solaris i386 disklabel - UFS and UFS2 (Sun/BSD/...)
- XFS, SGI's Journaled File System - Wii WBFS
- Sun ZFS
# photorec --help
PhotoRec 7.1, Data Recovery Utility, July 2019
Christophe GRENIER <grenier@cgsecurity>
https://www.cgsecurity
Usage: photorec [/log] [/debug] [/d recup_dir] [file.dd|file.e01|device]
photorec /version
/log : create a photorec.log file
/debug : add debug information
PhotoRec searches for various file formats (JPEG, Office...). It stores files
in the recup_dir directory.
格式化和挂载数据磁盘
新加一块/dev/sdb
]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b5698
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
格式化和挂载
# 创建挂载文件夹
mkdir /data
# 数据盘格式化为xfs，testdisk支持主流的ext4和xfs
mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb
# 挂载文件修改
# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb /data xfs defaults 0 0
# 挂载
mount -a
查看
df -h
# /dev/sdb 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /data
保存文件路径和MD5值
已创建好的测试文件目录
# tree test
test
├── a
│ ├── b
│ │ └── checkpoint-signature
│ └── nohup.out
└── anaconda-ks.cfg
2 directories, 3 files
保存路径和md5值
# 注意md5文件不要放在待删除文件的设备上
#find ./test -type f -exec md5sum {} \;>/root/test.md5
8851bbff09a554c36f72d64fc7873f57 ./test/anaconda-ks.cfg
39464899f947047a2f967c67479ca7ed ./test/a/nohup.out
b72d710e1f15b5a88b4a3ea73ff2a923 ./test/a/b/checkpoint-signature
模拟删除文件
cp -a test /data/
rm -rf /data/test
发现误删之后要立即卸载数据盘，防止inode被覆盖，导致无法恢复
umount /data/
或
umount /dev/sdb
# 或者挂载为只读
mount -o ro,remount /data
使用testdisk恢复文件
photorec
选择恢复设备/dev/sdb
选择磁盘格式
选择文件系统
按c确认文件恢复
恢复文件提示
查看恢复文件
# ls recup_dir.1
f0000000.xfs f0000128.txt f1048576.xfs f1048704.txt f2097152.xfs f2117760.txt f3145728.xfs report.xml
查看md5
# md5sum *
6984a42a1082a06e7684a2e862d4ce4e f0000000.xfs
8851bbff09a554c36f72d64fc7873f57 f0000128.txt
13c41c25f09fe0c26a3cbde3f4f5bb5e f1048576.xfs
39464899f947047a2f967c67479ca7ed f1048704.txt
6fa9b8a5393f4b81b9c061edafb12863 f2097152.xfs
b72d710e1f15b5a88b4a3ea73ff2a923 f2117760.txt
cd7004a443887193e98b27cbc73e8a7d f3145728.xfs
0b066c672613bb83c853c4faa38d8a46 report.xml
根据MD5文件恢复路径和文件名
python脚本
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
import os
import hashlib
import shutil
# 根据保存得MD5验证文件重建目录结构,并返回md5列表
def rebuild_path(md5file):
md5list = []
with open(md5file) as f:
for line in f.readlines():
line = line.strip()
if line != '':
md5list.append(line)
fullpath = line.split(' ')[1].split('/')[0:-1]
try:
os.makedirs(os.path.join(*fullpath))
except Exception as e:
print('Error rebuilding paths! Reason: {}'.format(str(e)))
return md5list
# 获取文件MD5值
def FileMD5(file):
m = hashlib.md5()
with open(file, 'rb') as f:
m.update(f.read())
return m.hexdigest()
# 列出所有文件，返回文件列表和目录列表
def walkFile(target_dir):
file_list = []
dir_list = []
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(target_dir):
# 遍历所有文件
for f in files:
file_list.append(os.path.join(root, f))
# 遍历所有文件夹
for d in dirs:
dir_list.append(os.path.join(root, d))
return file_list, dir_list
def main():
# 删除文件之前创建的MD5验证文件
original_md5_file = '/root/test.md5'
# 恢复文件目录
recoverd_files_path = '/root/recup_dir.1'
# 当前文件夹下重建目录并返回MD5验证文件list
md5list = rebuild_path(original_md5_file)
# 获取恢复文件列表
file_list = walkFile(recoverd_files_path)[0]
# 比对恢复文件MD5并拷贝到相应的重建目录
for file in file_list:
file_md5 = FileMD5(file)
for line in md5list:
if file_md5 == line.split(' ')[0]:
shutil.copy(file, line.split(' ')[1])
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
/tmp下恢复文件
python recover_files.py
验证
将/root/test.md5拷贝恢复文件夹验证
# 查看目录结构
#tree test/
test/
├── a
│ ├── b
│ │ └── checkpoint-signature
│ └── nohup.out
└── anaconda-ks.cfg
2 directories, 3 files
# 拷贝md5验证文件
cp /root/test.md5 /tmp/
# 验证
# md5sum -c test.md5
./test/anaconda-ks.cfg: OK
./test/a/nohup.out: OK
./test/a/b/checkpoint-signature: OK
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