鳄鱼和短吻鳄托福听力

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2023年12月30日发(作者：)

鳄鱼和短吻鳄托福听力

鳄鱼和短吻鳄托福听力

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a Biology class.

旁白：请听一段生物课的课堂讲解。

Professor: today,let's look at a reptile,a predator

that hasn't evolved much in the last seventy million years.

教授：好的，今天，我们来讲一种爬行动物，这种食肉动物在过去的七千万年中都没有太大的进化。

No discussion of reptiles would be complete without some

mention of crocodiles.

提到爬行动物就一定会谈到鳄鱼。

Now,we tend to think of crocodiles as,uh,kind of

solitary,hiding out in a swamp,uh,kind of mysterious

creatures.

现在我们通常认为鳄鱼是一种孤僻的动物，它们隐藏在沼泽中，令人感觉十分神秘。

But we are finding out that they aren't as isolated as they

seem.

但是我们发现鳄鱼并不像大家想象的那样孤僻。

In fact,crocodiles interact with each other in a variety

of ways.

实际上，鳄鱼之间的互动方式多种多样。

One way is with vocalizations,you know,sounds generated by

the animal.

其中一种就是发声法，也就是动物发出的声音。

This is true of the whole crocodile family,which includes

crocodiles themselves,alligators,etc.

整个鳄鱼族类都是如此，包括短吻鳄。

Take American alligators.

例如美洲鳄。

If you were to go to a swamp during the breeding

season,you'd hear a chorus of sounds,deep grunts,hisses,these

are sounds that male alligators make.

如果在繁殖季的沼泽中，你就会听到各种声音此起彼伏，低沉的咕噜声，嘶嘶声，这些声音都是雄鳄鱼发出的。

And some of them are powerful enough to make the water

vibrate.

而有的声音大到可以引起水的震动。

This sends a strong,go-away message to the other males.

可以向其它雄性发出走开的信号。

So the alligator can focus on sending other sound waves

through the water,sound waves that you and I couldn't even hear

since they are at such low frequency.

这样它就可以专注的通过水来发出其它的声波，而由于这种声波的频率很低，我们大家都无法听到。

But they do reach the female alligator,who then goes to find

and mate with the male.

但是雌鳄鱼可以接收到这种声音，找到并与雄鳄鱼交配。

Vocalization well,it is used for other

reasons,like getting attention or letting others

know you are distressed.

发声法，嗯……也用在其它的原因，比如说引起注意，或者只是嗯……让其它鳄鱼知道它们很忧虑。

Let's see.

比如说。

New-born crocodiles,or hatchlings and their interactions

with their mothers.

新生的鳄鱼或刚孵出的小鳄鱼与母鳄鱼之间的沟通。

When they are baby crocodiles have a sort of

muffled cry while they are in their nest.

当小鳄鱼刚出生的时候……它们会在巢穴中发出一种压抑的声音。

Hatchlings are really vulnerable,especially to birds and

small mammals when they are born.

刚孵化的小鳄鱼十分脆弱，尤其是面临鸟类和小型的哺乳动物的威胁。

But their mother,who has been keeping vigil nearby,hears

their cry for help and carries them to safety,meaning,to water.

但是它们的妈妈在附近守夜，听到它们的叫声后，就会将它们转移到安全的地方，也就是水中。

So she takes them out of the nest.

她将它们从巢中带出。

Uh,uh,all the eggs hatched at once,so she has about forty

newborns to look after.

卵是一起孵化的，所以母鳄鱼要照顾40只刚刚出生的小鳄鱼。

Well,she takes about fifteen out of the nest at a

time,carrying them in her mouth to the nearby water.

她一次可以转移15只，将小鳄鱼放在她的嘴里带到附近的水中。

While she is taking one load of hatchlings,the others wait

for her to come back.

当她将第一批新孵化的小鳄鱼送到水里是，其它的小鳄鱼就等待着她回来。

But do you think they are quiet about it?No way.

但是你想它们会安静的等着妈妈回来吗？当然不会。

They are clamoring for the mother's attention,sort of

squeaking and practically saying-don't forget about me!

它们大叫着引起妈妈的注意，尖叫着就像是说别忘了还有我呢！

I heard some great examples of this on the television

program on crocodiles last week.

上个星期我在电视上的一个有关鳄鱼的节目上看到了不少这样的例子。

Anyone catch it?

大家看到了吗？

It had a few interesting bits.

里面有几段非常有意思的画面。

But you know,uh,you have to be careful,think critically.

但是你看节目的时候要仔细，抱着审视的态度。

Sometimes I don't know where these shows find their

experts.

有时候我真不知道它们是从哪里请的专家。

Student:Excuse me.

学生：不好意思。

does all that crying defeat the purpose?

那，嗯……它们的叫声总能起到保护它们的作用吗？

I mean,doesn't it attract more predators?

我是说，难道它们的叫声不会引起其它食肉动物的注意吗？

d question.

教授：嗯……问得好。

I guess,well,I am guessing that once the babies have the

mother's attention,they are safe.

我想如果小鳄鱼引起了母鳄鱼的注意，它们就是安全的。

She's never too far away,and,and I mean,would you

mess with a mother crocodile?

母鳄鱼不会离开太远的。我想……你会去惹一只母鳄鱼吗？

So after the mother transports all the youngsters,they

still call to each other,and to their mother.

当母鳄鱼将小鳄鱼都转移完毕，它们还会继续叫嚷，跟其它的小鳄鱼还有它们的妈妈。

This communication continues right through to adulthood.

这种交流一直会持续到它们成年后。

Crocodiles have about eighteen different sounds that they

can make.

鳄鱼能够发出18种不同的声音。

um...um...you have deep grunting

sounds,hisses,growls,squeaks,roars,so there are many

different sounds to interact or send messages.

有低沉的咕噜声，嘶嘶声，咆哮声，还有许多不同的声音来交流或传递信息。

This is more typical of mammals than of reptiles.

相比爬行动物，哺乳动物的声音交流更具代表性。

I mean,crocodiles'brains are the most developed of any

reptile.

我的意思是，在爬行动物中鳄鱼的大脑是最发达的。

In that sense,they are closer to mammals'brains than other

reptiles'brains.

在某种程度上，它们的大脑比其它爬行动物更接近哺乳动物。

And we know that mammals,dogs for example,dogs vocalize

many different sounds.

而据我们所知，哺乳动物，比如说狗，能发出许多种不同的声音。

Crocodiles have a similar level of,uh,vocal

sophistication,if you will,which makes them unique among

reptiles.

而鳄鱼的发声相对复杂，这使它在爬行动物中十分独特。

Another thing would be,um,if a hatchling gets separated

from the rest of its family,once the others get far enough

away,its survival instinct kicks in.

还有一种情况，如果一只新生的鳄鱼离开了它家族的巢穴，一旦达到一定距离，它的生存本能就会发挥出来，

It will make a loud distress call,which its siblings

answer.

它会发出很大的悲痛的叫声，如果它的兄弟姐妹听到了就会回应他，

It calls again.

它就会继续叫。

And they continue calling back and forth until they all find

each other again.

它们会来回叫直到它们找到对方。

Another thing,something that wasn't on that TV show I

mentioned.

还有另一种情况，是我提到的电视节目中没有提到的。

Um...mother crocodiles lead their young from one area to

another,like when they have to find a different source of water.

嗯……当母鳄鱼带领小鳄鱼从一个地方转移到另一个地方，比如说它们要寻找另一处水源。

Usually she will lead them at night,when it is safer for

them,moving ahead and then letting out calls of reassurance so

that they will follow her.

通常它们会在夜里行动，因为这时相对比较安全。母鳄鱼在前面领路并发出叫声以确认小鳄鱼是否跟着她。

Her voice helps give the babies the courage they need to

leave the area and go someplace that's a more desirable home

for them.

她的声音会鼓励小鳄鱼，让它们得到离开这个区域的勇气，出发去其它更适合它们生存的地方。

题

一．What does the professor mainly discuss?

A.

Factors that affect successful crocodile communication

B.

Some reasons for crocodile vocalizations

C.

Ways that newborn crocodiles learn to communicate

D.

Reasons why crocodile vocalization is difficult to study

正确答案：B

二．According to the professor,what are two functions of

the sounds made by male alligators?

A.

To frighten predators

B.

To attract mates

C.

To locate hatchlings

D.

To threaten other males

正确答案：BD

三．Based on the discussion,what is one reason hatchlings

make vocalizations to their mother while they are in the nest?

A.

To reassure her that they are safe

B.

To signal that they are ready to follow her

C.

To make sure she does not forget them

D.

To indicate that they need to be relocated to a larger nest

正确答案：C

四What is the professor's opinion about the television

program that she mentions?

A.

She is concerned about the accuracy of some of the

information the experts provided.

B.

She is hopeful that the class will be able to discuss it.

C.

She thinks it was overly critical of some recent theories

about crocodiles.

D.

She is surprised that it did not include more examples of

crocodile communication.

正确答案：A

五．Why does the professor mention dogs?

A.

To explain that mammals are more complex than reptiles

B.

To point out that crocodiles can communicate with dogs

C.

To give an example of mammals that care for their young

D.

To emphasize that crocodiles have highly developed brains

正确答案：D

六．What happens when a hatchling makes a distress call?

A.

Its siblings answer back.

B.

The mother repeats the call.

C.

The rest of its family waits near water.

D.

The mother calls to other adult crocodiles for assistance.

正确答案：A

本文标签： 鳄鱼声音发出爬行动物哺乳动物