The tragedy of Tess(苔丝的悲剧)

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2023年12月30日发(作者：)

The tragedy of Tess（苔丝的悲剧）

“Tess of the d'Urbervilles ” is generally regarded as Hardy's finest novel. A brilliant tale of

seduction, love, betrayal, and murder, Tess of the d'Ubervilles yields to narrative convention by

punishing Tess's sin, but boldly exposes this standard denouement of unforgiving morality as

cruelly unjust. Throughout, Hardy characterizes Tess as a daughter of nature who endures the

brutality of industrialism through the people and circumstances in her life. Using specific language,

character depiction, and story development, Hardy provides a strong argument against the urban

movement by showing the reader its harsh effects on the agrarian lifestyle. The novel centers

around a young woman who struggles to find her place in society.

Tess is a beautiful,intelligent and distinguished those advantages do not take her

happiness or good lucky. It didn't like Jane Eyrea good ending the satisfaction of all with the help

of oversea colony's money. In her life is full of Suffering and and what couse the

tragedy of Tess? I think there are four factors.

At first of all, Tess is the tragedy of the times. Tess was living in the late nineteenth century .At

that time, British capitalism begin invading rural. This Phenomenon sets conflicting betweeting

country and city. In part, Tess represents the changing role of the agricultural workers in England

in the late nineteenth century. Hardy shows that life as a maiden begins in the natural country and

ends in the brutal city. Tess's life begins in the rural secluded town of Marlott where the country

atmosphere allows her to grow into a virtuous caring young girl. In contrast, Tess's downfall

occurs in the city. Towards the end of the tale, when Tess is once again in Alec's possession,

negative consequences ensue. She murders Alec in the city of Sandbourne that was like a "fairy

place suddenly created by the stroke of a wand." (Pg. 296) The suddenness with which the city is

created parallels the quick actions of Tess in murdering Alec d'Urberville. In both scenarios it

seems like there was no thought before the action was orchestrated. Once Tess is put to death in

the city, the harsh realities of justice and punishment remind the reader of Hardy's pessimistic

view of industrialism. Hardy purposely begins and ends Tess's life in such a manner to show her as

a sacrifice of rural landscape to the urban movement. Through his portrayal of Tess, Hardy is able

to use her entire being to make his negative attitude towards urbanity known.

Many people in England were forced to make sacrifices during the industrial revolution. Through

language, character depiction, and specific scenes in the novel, Hardy illustrates the harsh effects

of industrialism on certain agrarian lifestyles. He shows the reader that the commercialism and

emphasis on modernistic ways of life did not fall well with all the people in the land. The

substitute of machinery to manual labor came at a heavy price for the beautiful English land and

the families who inhabited it. Hardy allows his readers to see that progress may not always be a

positive occurrence and good intentions may cause dire consequences.

At the beginning of stoy,Tess is a naive country girl. She is primarily a daughter of nature upon

whom urbanity will leave its lasting marks. but one day , When her fathe discovere that the

low-class Durbeyfield family is in reality the d'Urbervilles,he want Tess to recognizes the relative.

Because the family circumstances are complies by unvoluntary,even if she feels very

there she meets master’s son Alec d’Urberville,who plays a character as chief criminal

in her tragic life.

An insouciant twenty-four-year-old man, heir to a fortune, and bearer of a name that his father

purchased, Alec is the nemesis and downfall of Tess’s life. His first name, Alexander, suggests the

conqueror—as in Alexander the GreatZ，who seizes what he wants regardless of moral propriety.

His full last name, Stoke-d’Urberville, symbolizes the split character of his family, whose origins

are simpler than their pretensions to grandeur. After all, Stokes is a blunt and inelegant

the very end of the novel,he becomes a reverent Christian On when he remeeting Tess,

he quickly abandons his newfound Christian faith. It is hard to believe Alec holds his religion, or

anything else, sincerely. His supposed conversion may only be a new role he is playing. Indeed

Alec is diabolical. Alec creeps up on Tess in the darkness of the Chase and lies with her without

her knowing deconstructed the tess’s chastity and last,he forces tess to be his

aslo he really love tess,but only regards tess as his toy. It can be said,he is the

immediate cause of tess’s tragedy.

Angel Clare is also one of the important factors, caused more serious and terrible harm on tess

psychological. Angel Clare is a complex art image. On the one hand,he is Bourgeois

intellectuals , having Open minds and independent hope depend on his own labor to

survive and do not want to inherit his father's mantle..He is a secularist who yearns to work for the

“honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and

glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees

human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of

man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. Indeed Angel Clare is

a fascinating and good-hearted man. When he was working on the Pasture,a lot of girls admired

him. But his love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain

for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness

that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays.

But on the other hand, Angel Clare aslo is one of the male chauvinist supporters. In his

heart, he is still difficult to get rid of controling by feudal love for Tess may be abstract,

as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.”. Tess may be more an

archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. So Angel deserts

Tess when he finds the innocent country girl he fell in love with is not so their wedding

night, tess confesses that she is not a virgin and explains what happened with Alec d'Urberville.

Even though he himself has also had an affair out of wedlock, he becomes upset and is unable to

reconcile his real affection for Tess, his wounded pride, and his image of Tess as a pure and

virginal figure. He can’t forgive her for having another man’s child even though she forgives him

everything. Angel abandons Tess and tells her she cannot contact him; he will contact her. But he

has not divorced with tess, because of Men's last, after his failure in Brazil, and only

then Angel realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought

down to Earth. But to his sorrow, when returning to England to find Tess, he discovers tess living

in a hotel with Alec d'ing is too late.

In addition, Tess’s character is also an important reason for the tragedy.

Although Tess has great courage to against social injustice,she can’t get rid of astrology from

her own moral traditions. She understood herself is a victim of the social violence and ethics

morals victim. But in while receives which the native place person’s censures, she also consider

herselves guilty. To forget the past ,she is Far away her family and home to Tabou Lei. Falls in

love with Angel Clare makes her happiness,howere,her heart still fell Angel

Clare’s abandon,she think that is her own crime. Thus she silently endures the unjust her

thingking, strong moral consciousness and religious sense is very obvious. The intense moral

sensitivity and psychological atonement causes her to fall into the mire of suffering and tragedy.

Tess has a lot of advantages, for instance saidindustriously, selfless, simple. Among them, her

most Prominent advantages is pure, as the author described in subheading-“A pure woman”.But

the such commendable moral excellence makes her go to the Abyss of tragedy. She is unable to

live with Alec for the matter to enjoy ,while she can’t deceive Angel for Own happiness. If Tess is

willing, she can request Alec to marry with her,when she was pregnant with his child, and does

not have to endure other people's wedding night, Listening to the advice of her

mother,she can chooses to Hide her busband the matter happened with Alec d'Urberville,like any

other women who have suffered simila matter as her pure don’t allow her to do such

“simple” matter.

Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in

which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to

Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This

torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for

crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.

In a word, Tess is a really pure woman. She has many valuable because of

Personal reasons, social reasons and time reasons,she didn’t have a good end. Her tragedy is

inevitable.

摘要：《德伯家的苔丝》是英国文学的瑰宝。作者托马斯•哈代通过此小说描述了一个农村女孩—苔丝的悲剧。近一个世纪以来，苔丝的悲剧感动了全世界数以千计的读者。本论文就是探讨苔丝悲剧的原因。首先本论文介绍了哈代的相关资料。随后介绍了故事的情节，在此基础上，从社会变革、认为因素和性别歧视等方面探讨了苔丝悲剧的原由。通过分析讨论， 得出苔丝悲剧的根本原因是：双重性道德标准或性别歧视。解决的根本途径是：真正实现男女平等，而这需要社会进步和文明的发展。

关键词：苔丝悲剧 社会变革 人为因素 性别歧视

Tess of the D’urbervilles is the masterpiece of English literature. Thomas

Hardy, the author of this book, describes a tragedy of a peasant

girl-Tess-betrayed and ruined by two men. Over the past century her tragedy

has moved thousands of hundreds of people all over the world. This thesis

tries to explore the causes of Tess’s tragedy.

Firstly, this thesis introduces some relating materials about Hard and his

novel, concerning the situation of Thomas Hardy and his attitude towards

Tess. Then, the tale of Tess of the D’urbervilles is given for better

understanding of later analysis. The causes of Tess’s tragedy are subtle and

this thesis mainly analyzes in three parts: the social background, the human

roles and the root reason. The social background of this story is the

changing society at the turning point of feudalism to capitalism when

thousands of decayed peasants suffering. And the human factors here mainly

concern two men—Alec and Angle, who separately violates Tess physically

and spiritually. Though the first two causes play an important role in Tess’s

tragedy, the root reason is the sex discrimination.

Then this thesis comes to a natural conclusion that the tragedy of Tess is

mainly caused by society, human and especially the morality. Tess is the

victim of the controversial morality. She suffers, and struggles against this

unjust moral code but failed at the end. The solution is to achieve the

real equality of male and female, no matter in social status or financial

situations. Surely this requires the advancing of the society and human

civilization.

Key words: Tess’s tragedy, Social changes, Human factors, and Sex

discrimination

《生命列车》The Train Of Life

1. 不久以前，我读了一本1.

书。书中把人生比作一次旅行。

2.

2. 人生一世，就好比是一次搭车旅行，要经历无数次上车、下车; 时常有事故发生; 有时是意外惊喜，有时却是刻骨铭心的悲伤… …

3.

3. 降生人世，我们就坐上了生命列车。我们以为我们最先见到的那两个人------我们的父母，会在人生旅途中一直陪伴着我4.

们。

4. 很遗憾，事实并非如此。他们会在某个车站下车，留下我们，孤独无助。他们的爱、他们的情、他们不可替代的陪伴，再也无从寻找。

5.

5. 尽管如此，还会有其他人上车。他们当中的一些人Not long ago, I read a book,

in which a man’s life was

compared to a journey.

The life of a man is just like a

hitchhiking，during which

many times we go up and

down. Now and then things

will happen accidently, some

of which are to be unexpected

excitement，while some

heart-breaking sorrows.

When first embraced the

world，we are already on the

train of life. We take it for

granted that the first two

persons, our parents, whom

we are encountered with, will

accompany us all the way.

Sadly，things do not go on as

we parents will

get off the train at a certain

station，leaving us, bereft and

love and

emotion to us and their

irreplaceable company can be

found in nowhere.

However，there will be

somebody else who will get on

the train. Some of them will

将对我们有着特殊的意义。

6. 他们之中有我们的兄弟姐妹, 有我们的亲朋好友。我们还将会体验千古不朽的爱情故事。

7. 坐同一班车的人当中，有的轻松旅行。

8. 有的却带着深深的悲哀… … 还有的,在列车上四处奔忙，随时准备帮助有需要的人… …

9. 很多人下车后，其他旅客对他们的回忆历久弥新… … 但是，也有一些人，当他们离开座位时，却没有人察觉。

10. 有时候，对你来说情深义重的旅伴却坐到了另一节车厢。你只得远离他，继续你的旅程。

11. 当然，在旅途中，你也可以摇摇晃晃地穿过自己的车厢，去别的车厢找他… …

12. 可惜，你再也无法坐在他身旁，因为这个位置已经让别人给占了… ...

13. 没关系。旅途充满挑战、梦想、希望、离别… …

就是不能回头。因此，尽量使旅途愉快吧！

have special meaning to us.

6. Some of them may be our

siblings , relatives and

friends, and we will also

expereince the imperishable

love.

7. Some of our travelling

companions are quite

light-hearted on the way.

8. While some may bear

immense

some ,back and forth, are

ready to hold out their hands

for others who need help.

9. Some people alight off the

train, yet they are still kept in

the mind of the other

passengers for long;some, to

the opposite, leave their seats

without being noticed.

10. Sometimes, the one,who is

dear to your heart, has

huddled into another

carriage. Nothing but one you

can do is just to keep on

going, far away from him.

11. Of course, during the

journey, you may stagger to

another carriage to look for

him.

12. It’s a pity that you will never

seat yourself beside him

because the seat has been

engaged by others.

13. Never mind. The journey is

full of challenges,dreams,

hopes and departures--- but

only one thing is that you

can’t turn back. So, have a

good journey with heart and

soul.

14. Show your good-will to all the

passengers you are

14. 善待旅途上遇见的所有旅客，找出人们身上的闪光点。

15. 永远记住，在某一段旅程中，有人会犹豫彷徨，因为我们自己也会犹豫彷徨。

16. 我们要理解他人，因为我们需要他人的理解。

17. 生命之谜就是：我们在什么地方下车？坐在身旁的伴侣在什么地方下车？我们的朋友在什么地方下车？我们无从知晓… …

18. 我时常这样想：到我该下车的时候，我会留恋吗？我想我还是会的。和我的朋友分离，我会痛苦。让我的孩子孤独地前行，我会悲伤。 我执著地希望在我们大家都要到达的那个终点站，我们还会相聚… …

19. 我的孩子们上车时没有什么行李，如果我能在他们的行囊中留下美好的回忆，我会感到幸福。

20. 我下车后，和我同行的旅客都还能记得我，想念我，我将感到快慰。

21.

献给你, 我生命列车上encountered with, and find

the merits of theirs.

15. Remeber that someone may

oscillate just as we do in the

journey.

16. We should understand others

just as we need others’

understanding.

17. The enigma of life is：Where

shall we get off the train of

life?And how about the

companions beside us?And

our friends?We don’t know.

18. Sometimes I think：When my

time comes to get off the

train，shall I miss it？I think

I is a suffering when I

part with my friends.I will be

sorry for leaving my kids

going alone.I firmly hold that

when we get to the terminal，we will have another reunion.

19. When my kids get on the

train of life, they have only

little luggage in their

travelling bags. However,if I

can leave the beautiful

memory in them,I will be

happy.

20. After getting off the train of

life, I will be content if my

fellow passengers will

remember me and miss me.

21. To you , the companions on

my train of you have

a good journey!

的同行者, 祝您旅途愉快!

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