如何做阅读理解题以及五篇阅读文章

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2024年1月8日发(作者：)

如何应对中考阅读理解题

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解题步骤

同学们在做阅读理解时，可遵循三部曲的原则，即：快速阅读短文；认真逐题作答；复查校对答案。

第一步，快速阅读短文；通读测试题，明确考查点。 先读题，明确题目要求，弄清考点，然后带着问题去读文章，这种方法在英语中称为scanning，就是寻读。快速阅读一遍弄清段落大意，对全文有一个整体了解，阅读时从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者写此篇文章的目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续通读全文，切忌长时间死扣生词，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些词可以通过上下文推测含义。

第二步，认真逐题作答。 看完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后马上看后面的问题，带着问题去找答案。如果属于客观信息题，就可直接在短文中找到出处。如果是主观判断题，则应迅速再读全文，仔细分析思考，将近似的答案对照原文反复比较，推敲，选出最佳答案。

第三步，仔细校对所选答案。 做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有拿不定主意的答案，不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据，方可更正。

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阅读技巧

①要快速浏览全文，掌握主旨和大意，特别注意文章的主题句，理出作者的写作思路。(What is the idea？What are facts？) ②要尽快浏览文后的思考题，尽量带着问题读； ③完成事实细节题时，要找到定位句； ④要把有关WHO，WHAT，WHERE，HOW和WHY等方面内容用笔圈画出来。 ⑤遇到推理判断题时，要注意作者的态度和命题人的意图，不可从个人的经验出发。

**答题技巧

“做英语阅读理解时，答题也有讲究。如果同学们具备一定的答题技巧，那么最终将事半功倍。”做猜测词义题、细节理解题、主旨归纳题、推理判断题都有一定的技巧。

一、猜测词义题

阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢？这就需要一些猜词的技巧。

(一)根据生活常识猜测词义

Children are always say things like“My Dad's car is bigger than

your Dad's，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money

than yours.” The word“boasting” means __ A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚

Many plants and animals are going hs，which are related(有关联的) with Asia elephants，are now are no mammoths in the world

today.

1.A mammoth is a kind of__.

word extinct means __ A.出现 B.危险 C.灭绝

Usually people make dumplings at you have no time to make them，you can buy them from any supermarket. Then you take them home and eat them

with vinegar.

The wor d“vinegar” means 醋 Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.

The words“oxygen and hydrogen” mean 氢和氧

(二)根据上下文的意思来猜测

people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home

and look at the store windows along the way.(溜达)

is usually prompt for all her classes，but today she arrives quite late.(准时的) door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.(门梁)

(三)根据转折、因果关系猜测词义

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore

等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his

fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。

(四)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about

the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars( 火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at

all as handsome as his brother.根据not handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

(五)通过构词法猜词 在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等；后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等；后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词；如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，science、scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。

(六)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long there is a dry period，or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为“久旱”，“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。

(七)通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts

and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

(八)通过描述猜词

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a

kind of sea bird living in the South is fat and walks in a funny gh it

cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

二、细节理解题 首先浏览一遍题目，看清题目要求理解什么细节，然后有选择性地在文中找出相应的段落句子或短语，认真分析理解，选出正确答案。

Example1：What do you think of your teachers？Now，American students can

say what they think on a new website！

On ，students can rate(评定) their far，there have been 2 million ratings for 365，000 teachers at 21，000 schools in the US

and Canada.

（ ）Where can the students rate(评定) their teachers according to the passage？

a new website the classmeeting the of the

school

Example2：Years ago，many zoos kept all kinds of animals in small

cages made it easy for people to see the animals，but a small cage is not a good

place for an animal to live zoos keep animals in different kinds of

cages are very big and usually have plants and a little lake.

kept animals in small cages so that people can————————

t them them better them them

，zoos keep animals-------- bigger cages the wild

smaller cages the field

三、主旨归纳题

议论文和说明文的主题句经常在开头或结尾。记叙文往往没有主题句，需要在读懂全文、体会作者用意的基础上进行概括。

People in different countries have different table ing that is

polite in one country may be quite impolite in Britain，you mustn't lift

your bowl to your mouth when you are having some liquid(液体) it's

different in in Japan you even needn't worry about making noises when

you have shows that you are enjoying it is regarded as bad manners in

Britain.

The passage mainly(主要) tells us table manners in Britain

different table manners ent ways of having liquid food have good

manners

People in many countries learn English and they learn it in different

learn it at learn it by learn English by radio on TV or

in films.

The main idea of the passage is------ in many

countries learn English in many ways learn English at school

learn English by themselves learn English by radio，on TV or in films.

四、推理判断题 推理判断题，需要同学具有严密的逻辑推理和分析问题的能力。

A man was looking for things of old day he came to a village and

found a blue bowl，which looked very bowl was on the ground and a cat

was drinking milk from it.A farmer，the owner of the cat，was lying beside the

order not to draw the others’ attention to(吸引„的注意力) the value(价值)

of the bowl，the man said to him in a soft voice，“What a nice cat you have！Won't

you sell it to me？”

“How much would you give me for it？”the farmer opened his eyes and

asked.

“Twenty it be enough？”A few minutes later，the farmer

he paid the farmer，the man said，“My cat will certainly feel

I take the bowl so that the cat can have milk？”

But the farmer said，“I am sorry I can't give it to to the bowl，I have

already sold twenty cats.”

Who is much cleverer？----- farmer man of them

r

总而言之，阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础，扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，又掌握了较科学的解题方法做阅读理解题是不会太难的。下面我们来做五篇阅读题：

2014年中考英语阅读理解专项练习题汇编

一 一场可怕的暴风雨

Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories，destroying

（摧毁） fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged （破坏） that their owners

had to leave them，and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person

was killed，several were badly hurt and taken to hospital，and a number of other people

received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.

A farmer，Mr. Tan，said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over

an hour.“I was eating with my wife and children，”he said，“When we heard a loud

noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb

out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found

him，safe but very frightened.”Mrs. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left

for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her

children.“There was no time to take anything，”she said，“A few minutes later，the roof came down.”

Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded （水淹的） area and the welfare

department （福利机构） brought them food，clothes and shelter.

1. How many homes altogether （总共） were damaged in the storm？

A. Fourteen B. Twenty-one C. Twenty-nine D. Thirty-six

2. Where was Mr. Tan when the storm first began？ A. He was in bed. B. He

was inside the house. C. He was outside the house. D. He was on the roof.

3. Mrs. Woo and her family didn‘t get hurt because _________.

A. her husband knew there would be a storm B. they were all outside the house when

the storm became worse C. she felt the house was moving welfare department

helped her

4. The underlined word “shelter” in this passage means ______.

A. something to eat B. something to wear C. somewhere to study D. somewhere to stay

5. Which of he following may be the best title for this passage？

A. A Terrible Storm B. A Lucky Woman C. Good Soldiers D. Clever People

二

A famous study was done in a school by a professor(教授) from a university．At

the start of the school year，the teachers were given the names of five children．They

were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class．But the

fact was that these students were only average(中等)，and they were not the best

students at all．Well，guess what? At the end of the year，all the five average students

scored among the highest in the class．

What made these average students change so much to become top students? The

only difference was the change in their teachers’ attitude(态度)．Because the

teachers believed that these five kids were the top students，they expected(期望)

more from them．And so these five average students began to believe and expect more

from themselves．So they worked harder to do as well as they could．

Do you know? If you expect the best from people，they’ll usually want to give

you their best．A great leader said，“Treat(对待) a person just how he appears to

be on the outside，and you’ll make him even worse．But treat a person like he’s

already a success，and you’ll help make him the best he can be．”

Like the true story of 7-year-old Johnny，his teacher got so angry with him

that one day she said，“Johnny，you’re the naughtiest(最顽皮的) boy in this

class．I’m sure you’ll never change．”The next year Johnny had a new teacher．And

on the first day of class，she met with Johnny after school and said，“Johnny，I’ve heard a lot about you! But do you know that I don’t believe a word of it．”And

everyday after that，this new teacher treated Johnny as if he was one of the smartest

students even when Johnny did naughty things．Later on，Johnny became a school

leader．Because that’s the power of our belief(信任) and attitude toward children．

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

1．The professor started his research by ________．

A．telling the five students to work harder than ever before

B．teaching the five children himself

C．telling the teacher the five students were the best in the class

D．asking the five children to find a new teacher

2．The five average students became top students mainly because of ________．

A．the professor’s study B．the change in the professor’s att itude

C．the teachers’ hard work D．the change in the teachers’ attitude

3．Why did the writer tell us the story of 7-year-old Johnny?

A．To show the importance of encouragement． show that the boy was clever

enough. C．To let us know the famous boy． let us know how good his new teacher

was． 4．According to the story，we can learn that ________．

A．the research began at the end of the school year

B．the students scored highest only because they worked hard

C．if you expect the most from people，you’ll get the least

D．little Johnny liked his new teacher very much

5．What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．If you want to get more，you should have new teachers．

B．Attitude and belief can change a person．C．A professor’s study can help you

score highest． D．Only teachers can make you a top student．

三

Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at

school．But American schools also have their rules．If the students break the rules

they will get punishment，too．On the first day of a new term，128 students of Morton

High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes．There are altogether 1200

students in the school．Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule every

day．So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever

seen．At Morton High School，students’ favorite clothing such as baggy(宽大的)

trousers，low-necked shirts and tank tops(紧身短背心) are not allowed in

classrooms．Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear，but the

headmaster doesn’t think so．“I’d be supportive if half the school was sent home，because 99% will get the message that our school are for education．”“Freedom”does

not mean“free of restrictions(约束)”．That is to say there is no total freedom

in the world no matter in the US or in China．

1．Many Chinese students think that ________．

A．American students are very free at school B．American students are not so clever

as them C．American students don’t love their school at all

2．128 students of Morton High School were sent home for ________．A．not finishing

their homework B．being late for school C．not wearing the right clothes

3．Some students in Morton High School think that they have the right to ________．

A．decide when to go to school B．choose what to wear C．eat and drink in class

4．What does the underlined word“supportive”mean in Chinese?

A．高兴的 B．支持的 C．害怕的

5．What’s the writer’s attitude(态度) to the school dress rule?

A．Agree． B．Disagree(不同意)． C．Not sure．

四

阅读下面短文，把A～D四个句子填入文中空缺处(66～69)，使短文内容完整正确，然后完成第70题。

We often hear that children wish they were grown-ups，and that old people wish they

were young．1 The happiest people enjoy what each age gives them without wasting

their time in useless regrets．

Childhood(童年) is a time when there are few duties；A child is fed，looked after

and loved by an grown-ups like parents or grandparents． 2 However．for older people

they often lose their interest in those things．

On the other hand(另一方面)，a child may also have some pains with him．3 He

is often told not to do something．He will certainly be shouted at for doing something

wrong．

When a child grows up，he can no longer expect others to pay for his food，clothes, room and many other things． 4 If he still spends most of his time playing

as he used to in childhood，he will go hungry．If，however，he works hard and has

no trouble，he can build up his own position in society with great happiness．

A．What’s more，life is always giving new things to him．

B．And he has to work if he wants t0 live comfortably．

C．He is not so free to do what he wishes to do．

D．Each age has its own pleasures and its own pains．

5．What is the best title of the passage?

A．Childhood Is a Happy Time B．No Pains at Any Age

C．Happy Position in Society D．Enjoy Your Whole Life

五

The Secret of Success

best chance of success is by doing what you really want to do. Ask yourself,

“If money were not so important, what kind of work would I do for free?” Then just

do what you like to do.

about what you are going to do. You have to start somewhere and it may

be quite a real beginning. Whether you are beginning in business or you’re dreaming

to be a star, you have to start at the bottom.

ambition(目标)is necessary. An English student called Richard Branson

opened a student magazine when he was only 16 years old. But he didn’t stop there.

He also opened a record business with many shops, and now his company has planes,

trains and cars.

only people who succeed without hard work are lottery (彩票)winners. You

need a “can do” attitude(态度)and you must work step by step, which will help you

get what you really want. You are on the right way to win the success.

you always say someone is successful, it doesn’t mean anything to you.

Learn from those who have already succeeded in something. especially where they do

the same as you want to do

A. Think big B. Start small C. Follow the leaders D. Find the work you love

E. Be prepared to work hard

阅读以上5段语言材料，请找出与它们相对应的标题，并将其标号填入下列方框内。

1--—-- 2------- 3------------ 4--------- 5------------

（6）71-75．CDADB（7）46-50．ACBBA （8）61-65．CBADB（9）66-70．DACBD

（10）61-65 DBAEC

「答案与解析」

一场暴风雨席卷了两个村庄——不仅摧毁了房屋，也是造成了人员伤亡，还有二百多人无家可归。

1. D.根据第一段出现的三个数字14，7，15即可知D为正确答案。

2. B.根据“I was eating with my wife and children.”可排除A和D，由下文可知C也不合题意。

3. C.答案即在即在„she felt that her house was moving中。

4. D.考虑全文意思及最末一段，可知暴风雨过后，房屋倒塌，人员伤亡。人们不仅需要食品、衣物，还需要住的地方。

5. A.这篇阅读材料主要描述了暴风雨袭击的过程。显然选项A是本文的主旨。

本文标签： 理解阅读答案全文词义