翻译需背住的五个关键点

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2024年1月22日发(作者：)

翻译需背住的五个关键点：

翻译的标准概括起来就是：理解比较准备---表达一定通顺

1. 翻译遇到长句子如何办？

1. Having endured a painful period of un-sustainability in his own life made it clear to him

that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed /through everyday action and choice.

2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many

stimuli(刺激因素) which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience

greater intellectual development

3. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at

home, watching TV, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of

amusement elsewhere.

4. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that

made them unique individuals and were also subject to(yield to) numerous restrictions imposed by

the male-dominated culture.

5． If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the

child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment ,

they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and

resisting it

总结：如果翻译时遇到长句子一定要翻译策把长句子中意思相对独立的地方翻译成几个简短的小中文句子。

2. 英语句子和汉语句子的语序有先后之分

1. Getting a proper amount of rest is absolutely essential for building your energy resources.

2. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons //why learning

English seems to become increasingly difficult/// even though the basic structures and patterns of

the language have been understood。

3. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their

opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more

advice.

4. Now " growth" industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects

damage the environment and disrupt the relationships of different forms of life.

A man can be known by the books he reads and his company he keeps.

It is well known that

It is universally acknowledged that…

A man can be known by the books he reads and his company he keeps.

Companion

Accompany

5. It is no accident of history that the first Earth Day, in April 1970, came so soon /fter color

photographs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8

mission to the moon in December 1968.

6. Companies now spend as much as 10% of their technology budgets on energy, says Rakesh

Kumar of Gartner, a consultancy.

3. 翻译时很多单词的意思要依据上下文

a. 如果碰到不熟悉的词语，上下文基本上都有提示

1. He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a

Boulder agency. …I had no money and needed the job.

2. Taking a good rest is essential to rebuild your energy resources. sometimes taking a nap is

the perfect way to recharge your batteries.

3. As a result, the tobacco industry spends billions of dollars worldwide each year spreading its

marketing net as widely as possible to attract young customers. Tobacco companies market their

products wherever youth can be easily accessed—in the movies, on the Internet, in fashion

magazines, and at music concerts and sports events.

4. It is just one example /of the growing concern over the increasing power consumption of

computer and environmental impact of computers, and in particular the warehouses full of

corporate machines known as data centres. A study found that the power consumption of data

centres doubled between 2000 and 2005, and now accounts for 1.2% of American

electricity(electronics) consumption, though other estimates put the figure at 4%.

b. 遇到不熟悉的词语有时采取依据上下文推断或模糊翻译

1. We all want to buy that new piece of technology, treat ourselves to an expensive night on the

town, or take out a loan for the flashy car we can't afford. It might feel great at the time but rash

spending hurts a lot later on

2. But things are now starting to change and the computer industry has been seized with

enthusiasm for “green computing”.

3. With the nation’s financial system teetering(蹒跚) on a cliff, the compensation arrangements

for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination

again.( 由于国家金融体制处于危机动荡边缘,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.)

4. 英汉语态对比

Every students must be helped to understand that only by painstaking study can they master

English well.

Not too much can be said about the significance of learning Chinese.

You can never be too careful in driving a car.

5.翻译时词义的增减，记住：并不是英文句子中每个单词都要翻，上面没有的也可增加些词语使自己表达更通顺

a. Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. (空白表格程序出现之前，商业规划往往意味着就某种情况提出一种简单的预测)

b. If you have been lacking energy, try going to bed earlier at night.如果你一直缺乏精力，请尝试晚上早些就寝。

C. In spite of difficulties, we still overcame them

几种常见的长句子翻译

一．定语从句（that, which, where, why, who, whom, whose…）

1. 如果定语从句较为简短，可以将原句进行换序翻译，即将定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，放在其所修饰的先行词之前

a. Today, growing number of men and women are changing careers or getting second starts in

careers that have greater appeal to(吸引力) them.

b. There was nothing that interested him at the show

2. 反之，如果定语从句过长，对该句中的that, which, who, where, when等进行重复先行词

He made the sound of sympathy(同情) which comes so readily from those who had independent

incomes.

3. 注意非限定定语从句的译法：which 一般翻译成“这”，“这种情况”

1. Youths often have a great deal authority in store-selection decision, which means that stores

must attract them with an effective appeal.

2. I believe that rising complexity of scientific research is now urgently demanding new steps,

which can ensure that international involvement moves to more organized and better planned

structures.

二，状语从句的译法

有时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，目的，结果等状语从句（，并且里面有这些关系词：when, as, while, because, since, because of, in view of, considering that, owing to, due to, if,

provided that, supposed that, before（在...前）, after（在...后），as soon as（一...就），once（一旦...），the moment, in case/in case of（如果），only if（只要），if only=how I wish（但愿，要是...就好了, though（虽然），although（虽然），even if=even though（即使）so that（为了，以便），lest（以防），in case（以防，以免）/in case of=in the event of，for fear that（以防）in order that（为了）等等，whatever（无论什么），wherever（无论哪里），whoever（无论谁），however（无论怎样），no matter how/which/what（不论，不管）whether.., according

to=based on, by）

a. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of

thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could

be.(人们意识到语言的千差万别之前)

b. We can not start the job until we have the approval(批准) from the authority concerned.

c. The crops failed because the season was dry.

d. It was better in case they were captured.

e. No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.

f. we worked hard in order that we could pass this exam.

三．It 作形式主语的句子

a. It is vital that our government pass the strict laws and regulations to ban and restrict

environmental pollution.

b. It is a matter of common experience(常识) that bodies are lighter in water than they are in the

air.

c. It is generally acknowledged that the common mind can by no means be compared with these

processes(过程).

四，宾语从句

Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contrast, as a part of an exchange of

duties and entitlement(权益).

这里注意的是：如果要是一个人或很多人的名词后面出现了动词和that 从句，这里就要理解为，。。。认为。。。

(1). I imagine that an able surgeon can derive greater pleasure from the exquisite precision of his

operation.

(2). I will argue that a line can be drawn and should be drawn to use gene transfer only for the

treatment of serious disease, and not for any other purpose. Gene transfer should never be

undertaken in an attempt to improve human beings.

五，同位语从句

The scientists have been looking for evidence that the dolphin(海豚) understands more

complicated ideas.

The fact that they are doing more shopping may result in their spending more money in stores they

go to.

六，被动语态

The decision to attack was not taken lightly.

The first explosive(炸药) in the world was made and used in China.

It is generally accepted that…、It is well-known that…

It can be said without the fear of exaggeration that…

It must be pointed out that…

It must be seen from this that…

七，插入结构

The dilemma of the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sale.

Internet has, undoubtedly, been playing a significant role in our life as well as our work.

八．翻译时首先翻译自己看得懂的句子，然后再来推测前后句子之间的意思

1. In the universe of atoms, as a resource is consumed it becomes more expensive to produce. As

gold is mined, nuggets at first may be easy, and therefore cheap, to find. But when particles of

ore must be squeezed out of tons of rock, the price of gold becomes more dear.

But in “the new order”, the law of plentitude kicks in, leading to a promising company such

as Netscape to distribute its Web browser for free in order to sell auxiliary services and products.

Similarly, expensive cell phones are offered as freebies to gain contracts for phone services.

The qualities needed to succeed in the network economy can be reduced to this: a facility

for charging into the unknown.

(2). In construction the initial state of affairs is comparatively haphazard, while the final state

embodies a purpose.

There will always be temptation to forsake the future for immediate gratification. We all want to

buy that new piece of technology, treat ourselves to an expensive night on the town, or take out a

loan for the flashy car we can't afford. It might feel great at the time but rash spending hurts a lot

later on. Enjoy life’s simple pleasures and save as much as you can. Expensive things don’t create

lasting happiness and security. Careful spending will bring you greater leisure and enjoyment in

the long run.

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